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Embrithopoda

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	43309	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=43309

Rank

order (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Embrithopoda

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Afrotheria	Stanhope et al. 1998
-	Tethytheria	McKenna 1975
order	Embrithopoda

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Embrithopoda	order	belongs to Ungulata	stated without evidence	Gregory, 1910
Embrithopoda	order	belongs to Eparctocyona	stated without evidence	McKenna, 1975
Embrithopoda	order	belongs to Eutheria	implied	Carroll, 1988
Embrithopoda	order	belongs to Altungulata	stated without evidence	Prothero and Schoch, 1989
Embrithopoda	order	belongs to Tethytheria	stated with evidence	Court, 1990
Embrithopoda	order	belongs to Paenungulata	stated with evidence	Erdal et al., 2016
Embrithopoda	order	belongs to Tethytheria	stated with evidence	Gheerbrant et al., 2018

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

4 (18%)

First Recorded Appearance

56.0 - 47.8 Ma
Eocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

insectivore (based on Mammaliaformes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Arsinoitheriidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	12	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Arsinoitherium ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	14	41.3 Ma Eocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Lunania ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Namatherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Stylolophus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	3	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1910	Embrithopoda Gregory p. 466
1975	Embrithopoda McKenna p. 43
1988	Embrithopoda Carroll
1989	Embrithopoda Prothero and Schoch p. 530
1990	Embrithopoda Court p. 179
2016	Embrithopoda Erdal et al.
2018	Embrithopoda Gheerbrant et al. p. 2

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Gregory W. K. (1910) The orders of mammals, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 27, 1-524

McKenna M. C. (1975) Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia, Phylogeny of the Primates, Plenum Publishing, New York, 21-46

Prothero D. R., Schoch R. M. (1989) Classification of the Perissodactyla, The Evolution of Perissodactyla, 530-537

Court N. (1990) Periotic anatomy of Arsinoitherium (Mammalia, Embrithopoda) and its phylogenetic implications, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10 2, 170-182

Erdal O., Antoine P.-O., et al (2016) New material of Palaeoamasia kansui (Embrithopoda, Mammalia) from the Eocene of Turkey and a phylogenetic analysis of Embrithopoda at the species level, Palaeontology 59 5, 631-655

Gheerbrant E., Schmitt A., et al (2018) Early African Fossils Elucidate the Origin of Embrithopod Mammals, Current Biology 28, 1-7 doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.032

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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