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Plesiadapiformes

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	40701	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40701

Rank

suborder (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Plesiadapiformes

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
order	Primates	Linnaeus 1758
suborder	Plesiadapiformes	Simons and Tattersall 1972

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Plesiadapiformes	suborder	replaced by Paromomyiformes	stated without evidence	Szalay, 1973
Plesiadapiformes	infraorder	belongs to Plesitarsiiformes	stated without evidence	Gingerich, 1975
Plesiadapiformes	suborder	belongs to Primates	stated without evidence	McKenna, 1975
Plesiadapiformes	infraorder	belongs to Prosimii	stated without evidence	Kielan-Jaworowska et al., 1979
Plesiadapiformes	suborder	belongs to Primates	implied	Carroll, 1988
Plesiadapiformes	suborder	belongs to Primates	stated with evidence	Gunnell, 1989
Plesiadapiformes	suborder	belongs to Primates	stated without evidence	Fox, 1990
Plesiadapiformes	suborder	belongs to Dermoptera	stated with evidence	Beard, 1993
Plesiadapiformes	suborder	belongs to Primates	stated with evidence	Tabuce et al., 2004
Plesiadapiformes	suborder	belongs to Primates	stated without evidence	Fox et al., 2010

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

66.0 - 63.3 Ma
Paleocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Plesiadapiformes)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

insectivore, omnivore (based on Plesiadapiformes)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Plesiadapiformes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Microsyopoidea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)	51	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	46.2 Ma Eocene
Paromomyoidea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)
Purgatoriidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Palaechthon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	12	63.3 Ma Paleocene	61.7 Ma Paleocene
Pandemonium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1972	Plesiadapiformes Simons and Tattersall
1975	Plesiadapiformes Gingerich p. 136
1975	Plesiadapiformes McKenna p. 42
1979	Plesiadapiformes Kielan-Jaworowska et al. p. 223
1988	Plesiadapiformes Carroll
1989	Plesiadapiformes Gunnell p. 11

Year	Name and Author
1990	Plesiadapiformes Fox p. 638
1991	Plesiadapiformes Fox p. 334
1993	Plesiadapiformes Beard
2004	Plesiadapiformes Tabuce et al. p. 306
2010	Plesiadapiformes Fox et al. p. 869
2011	Plesiadapiformes Fox p. 2

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Gingerich P. D. (1975) New North American Plesiadapidae (Mammalia, Primates) and a biostratigraphic zonation of the middle and upper Paleocene, Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 24 13, 135-148

McKenna M. C. (1975) Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia, Phylogeny of the Primates, Plenum Publishing, New York, 21-46

Kielan-Jaworowska Z., Bown T. M., et al (1979) Eutheria, Mesozoic mammals: the first two-thirds of mammalian history, 221-258

Gunnell G. F. (1989) Evolutionary History of Microsyopoidea (Mammalia, ?Primates) and the Relationship Between Plesiadapiformes and Primates, University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 27, 1-157

Fox R. C. (1990) Pronothodectes gaoi n. sp. from the Late Paleocene of Alberta, Canada, and the Early Evolution of the Plesiadapidae (Mammalia, Primates), Journal of Paleontology 64 4

Fox R. C. (1991) Saxonella (Plesiadapiformes: ?Primates) in North America: S. Naylori, sp. nov., from the Late Paleocene of Alberta, Canada, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11 3, 334-349

Beard K. C. (1993) Origin and evolution of gliding in early Cenozoic Dermoptera (Mammalia, Primatomorpha)., Primates and Their Relatives in Phylogenetic Perspective (R. D. E. MacPhee, ed.), Plenum Press, New York., 63-90

Tabuce R., Mahboubi M., et al (2004) Discovery of a highly-specialized plesiadapiform primate in the early-middle Eocene of northwestern Africa, Journal of Human Evolution 47 5, 305-321 doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.08.005

Fox R. C., Scott C. S., et al (2010) Edworthia lerbekmoi, a new primitive paromomyid primate from the Torrejonian (early Paleocene) of Alberta, Canada, Journal of Paleontology 84 5, 868-878

Fox R. C. (2011) An unusual early primate from the Paleocene Paskapoo Formation, Alberta, Canada, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 1, 1-10 doi:10.4202/app.2009.0079

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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