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Protorosauridae ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	38184	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38184

Rank

family (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Protorosauria : Protorosauridae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
order	Protorosauria	Huxley 1871
family	Protorosauridae	Cope 1871

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Protorosauridae	family	belongs to Rhynchocephalia	stated with evidence	Cope, 1871
Protorosauridae	family	belongs to Proganosauria	stated with evidence	Zittel, 1890
Protorosauridae	family	belongs to Proterosauria	stated with evidence	Boulenger, 1893
Protorosauridae	family	belongs to Protorosauria	stated with evidence	Osborn, 1903
Protorosauridae	family	belongs to Macrocnemoidea	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1946
Protorosauridae	family	belongs to Protorosauria	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1966
Protorosauridae	family	belongs to Prolacertiformes	stated without evidence	Chatterjee, 1980
Protorosauridae	family	belongs to Prolacertiformes	stated with evidence	Benton, 1985
Protorosauridae	family	belongs to Protorosauria	stated without evidence	Chatterjee, 1986
Protorosauridae	family	belongs to Protorosauria	implied	Carroll, 1988
Protorosauridae	family	belongs to Prolacertiformes	stated without evidence	Sennikov, 1997
Protorosauridae	family	belongs to Protorosauria	stated with evidence	Ezcurra et al., 2014

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

299 - 296 Ma
Paleozoic

Last Recorded Appearance

228 - 209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Diapsida)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore (based on Protorosauria)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

E. D. Cope. 1871. On the homologies of some of the cranial bones of the Reptilia, and on the systematic arrangement of the class. Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 19:194-247

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Aphelosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Malerisaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	237 Ma Middle Triassic	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Microcnemus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	252 Ma Permian	251 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Tridentinosaurus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1871	Protorosauridae Cope
1875	Protorosauridae Cope p. 15
1890	Protorosauridae Zittel p. 592
1893	Protorosauridae Boulenger p. 209
1903	Protorosauridae Osborn p. 467
1905	Thecodontosaurus primus Huene p. 349
1908	Thecodontosaurus primus Huene p. 217 fig. 92
1914	Thecodontosaurus primus Huene p. 12
1938	Thecodontosaurus primus Schmidt p. 126
1942	Thecodontosaurus primus Kuhn p. 19

Year	Name and Author
1946	Protorosauridae Kuhn p. 60
1966	Protorosauridae Kuhn p. 40
1970	Thecodontosaurus primus Swinton p. 35
1980	Protorosauridae Chatterjee p. 197
1985	Protorosauridae Benton p. 154
1986	Protorosauridae Chatterjee p. 297
1988	Protorosauridae Carroll
1997	Protorosauridae Sennikov
2014	Protorosauridae Ezcurra et al.

References

Cope E. D. On the homologies of some of the cranial bones of the Reptilia, and on the systematic arrangement of the class, Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 19, 194-247

Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109

Zittel K. A. v. , Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abteilung Paleozoologie. III. Band. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves) [Handbook of Paleontology. Division I. Paleozoology. Volume III. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves)], xii-900

Osborn H. F. (1903) The reptilian subclasses Diapsida and Synapsida and the early history of the Diaptosauria, Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 1 8, 449-507

Huene F. v. (1905) Trias-Dinosaurier Europas [European Triassic dinosaurs], Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 57, 345-349

Huene F. v. (1908) Die Dinosaurier der Europäischen Triasformation mit berücksichtigung der Ausseuropäischen vorkommnisse [The dinosaurs of the European Triassic formations with consideration of occurrences outside Europe], Geologische und Palaeontologische Abhandlungen Suppl. 1 1, 1-419

Huene F. v. (1914) I: Animalia. Pars 4. Saurischia et Ornithischia triadica (“Dinosauria” triadica), 1-20

Kuhn O. (1942) Über einige Saurierreste aus dem Muschelkalk von Freyburg a. d. Unstrut [On some saurian remains from the Muschelkalk of Freyburg on the Unstrut], Beiträge zur Geologie von Thüringen 6, 17-24

Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67

Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154

Swinton W. E. (1970) , The Dinosaurs, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1-331

Chatterjee S. (1980) Malerisaurus, A New Eosuchian Reptile from the Late Triassic of India, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 291, 163-200

Benton M. J. (1985) Classification and phylogeny of the diapsid reptiles, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 84 2, 97-164

Chatterjee S. (1986) Malerisaurus langstoni, a new diapsid reptile from the Triassic of Texas\r\n, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6 4, 297-312

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Sennikov A. G. (1997) [An enigmatic reptile from the Upper Permian of the Volga River Basin], Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 1997 1, 95-103

Ezcurra M. D., Scheyer T. M., et al (2014) The origin and early evolution of Sauria: reassessing the Permian saurian fossil record and the timing of the crocodile-lizard divergence, PLoS ONE 9 2, e89165

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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