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Disparida ✝

Photos

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	31875	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=31875

Rank

unranked clade (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea : Disparida

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata	Klein 1754
subphylum	Crinozoa	Matsumoto 1929
class	Crinoidea	Miller 1821
subclass	Pentacrinoidea	Jaekel 1918
infraclass	Inadunata
subclass	Disparida

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Disparida	order	belongs to Inadunata	stated with evidence	Frest et al., 1979
Disparida	order	belongs to Inadunata	stated without evidence	Ausich, 1986
Disparida	subclass	belongs to Inadunata	stated with evidence	Donovan, 1986
Disparida	subclass	belongs to Crinoidea	stated without evidence	Donovan, 1992
Disparida	subclass	belongs to Crinoidea	stated with evidence	Ausich, 1998
Disparida	subclass	belongs to Crinoidea	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Disparida	subclass	belongs to Crinoidea	stated with evidence	Ausich et al., 2007
Disparida	subclass	belongs to Crinoidea	stated without evidence	Webster and Rakhmonov, 2009
Disparida	subclass	belongs to Crinoidea	stated with evidence	Ausich et al., 2015
Disparida	order	belongs to Inadunata	stated with evidence	Rozhnov, 2016
Disparida	unranked clade	belongs to Inadunata	stated without evidence	Ausich et al., 2018

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

295

First Recorded Appearance

485 - 479 Ma
Paleozoic

Last Recorded Appearance

269 - 265 Ma
Permian

Environment

marine (based on Echinodermata)

Motility

stationary, attached (based on Disparida)

Vision

blind (based on Crinoidea)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Disparida)

Reproduction

dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Echinodermata)

Ontogeny

accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)

Ecospace Comments

LIFE HISTORY: Majority of component taxa have approximate lengths in excess of 5 cm according to Brett (1984) and Brett et al (2008), therefore intermediate level epifaunal.

Taphonomy

high Mg calcite (based on Crinoidea)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Calceocrinida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	241	470 Ma Middle Ordovician	290 Ma Permian
Eustenocrinida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	51	485 Ma Cambrian	433 Ma Silurian
Homocrinida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	492	472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	427 Ma Silurian
Maennilicrinida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	4	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Myelodactylida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	25	453 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Pisocrinida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	103	443 Ma Silurian	376 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Tetragonocrinida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	8	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	466 Ma Middle Ordovician
Allagecrinoidea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)	76	427 Ma Silurian	269 Ma Permian
Belemnocrinacea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)	82	388 Ma Middle Devonian	296 Ma Permian
Cincinnaticrinacea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)
Heterocrinoidea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)
Homocrinacea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)
Pisocrinoidea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)
Alphacrinidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	485 Ma Cambrian	485 Ma Cambrian
Heterocrinidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	23	470 Ma Middle Ordovician	452 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Iocrinidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	137	478 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Tornatilicrinidae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)	3	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	441 Ma Silurian
Abyssocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	443 Ma Silurian	427 Ma Silurian
Allagecrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	306 Ma Carboniferous
Anamesocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Anomalocrinus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	10	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	452 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Aureocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	403 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	403 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Belemnocrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Brachiocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Brutopisocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Calycanthocrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Catillocrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	28	354 Ma Carboniferous	345 Ma Carboniferous
Changninocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Claviculacrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Crinobrachiatus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	443 Ma Silurian	433 Ma Silurian
Desmacriocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	427 Ma Silurian	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Eocicerocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	453 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Eucatillocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Gongrocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Heracrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	403 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	403 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Herpetocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	433 Ma Silurian	431 Ma Silurian
Holynocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	403 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	403 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Hypsocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Isocatillocrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Jaekelicrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	371 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Junocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Macnamaratylus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Metacatillocrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Mycocrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Myelodactylus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	29	443 Ma Silurian	384 Ma Middle Devonian
Neocatillocrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Paradoxocrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Parazophocrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	443 Ma Silurian	427 Ma Silurian
Pariocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	443 Ma Silurian	443 Ma Silurian
Perissocrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Perittocrinus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Phimocrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	433 Ma Silurian	416 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Pygmaeocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	423 Ma Silurian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Quiniocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ramacrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	403 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Regnellicrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Resetocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Stereobrachicrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Storthingocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Stylocrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	443 Ma Silurian	443 Ma Silurian
Taidocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Thaminocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	336 Ma Carboniferous	336 Ma Carboniferous
Theloreus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Tiaracrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	426 Ma Silurian	403 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Triacrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Trichocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	427 Ma Silurian	423 Ma Silurian
Trophocrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	345 Ma Carboniferous
Westheadocrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Whiteocrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Xenocatillocrinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Xisoallogecrinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Zophocrinus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	8	443 Ma Silurian	427 Ma Silurian

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1943	Disparida Moore and Laudon
1979	Disparida Frest et al. p. 406
1984	Disparida Donovan
1986	Disparida Ausich p. 219
1986	Disparida Donovan
1992	Disparida Donovan p. 123
1998	Disparida Ausich p. 17
1998	Disparida Ausich et al.
2002	Disparida Sepkoski, Jr.

Year	Name and Author
2007	Disparida Ausich et al. p. 1382
2009	Disparida Webster and Rakhmonov p. 236
2009	Disparida Webster et al. p. 245
2010	Disparida Ausich and Copper p. 63
2015	Disparida Ausich et al.
2016	Disparida Rozhnov p. 169
2017	Disparida Wright et al.
2018	Disparida Ausich et al.
2018	Disparida Mao et al. p. 1076

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Frest T. J., Strimple H. L., et al (1979) Two new crinoids from the Ordovician of Virginia and Oklahoma, with notes on pinnulation in the Disparida, Journal of Paleontology 53, 399-415

Donovan S. K. (1984) Ramseyocrinus and Ristnacrinus from the Ordovician of Britain, Palaeontology 27, 623-634

Ausich W. I. (1986) The crinoids of the Al Rose Formation (Early Ordovician, Inyo County, California, U.S.A.), Alcheringa 10, 217-224

Donovan S. K. (1986) A new genus of inadunate crinoid with unique stem morphology from the Ashgill of Sweden, Palaeontology 29, 235-242

Donovan S. K. (1992) A new crinoid from the Ashgill Starfish Bed, Threave Glen, Scottish Journal of Geology 28, 123-126

Ausich W. I. (1998) Phylogeny of Arenig to Caradoc crinoids (Phylum Echinodermata) and suprageneric classification of the Crinoidea, The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, n. s. 9, 1-36

Ausich W.I., Bolton T. E., et al (1998) Whiterockian (Ordovician) crinoid fauna from the Table Head Group, western Newfoundland, Canada, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35, 121-130

Ausich W. I., Sa A. A., et al (2007) New and revised occurrences of Ordovician crinoids from southwestern Europe, Journal of Paleontology 81 6, 1374-1383

Webster G. D., Rakhmonov U. J. (2009) Devonian (Eifelian) disparid crinoids from the Zeravshan Range, southern Tien Shan, Uzbekistan, Palaeoworld 18, 235-240

Webster G. D., Waters J. A., et al (2009) New Pennsylvanian (Moscovian) echinoderms from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, western China, Palaeoworld 18, 241-250

Ausich W. I., Copper P. (2010) The Crinoidea of Anticosti Island, Quebec (Late Ordovician to Early Silurian), Palaeontographica Canadiana 29, 1-157

Ausich W. I., Rozhnov S. V., et al (2015) Iocrinid Crinoids from the Ordovician of the Baltic Region, Estonia, Paleontological Journal 49 2, 145-152

Rozhnov S. V. (2016) Aboral nervous system in two Ordovician crinoids: Reconstruction and comparison of Baltic Pentamerocrinus Jaekel and Grammocrinus Eichwald, Paleontological Journal 50 2, 163-173

Wright D. F., Ausich W. I., et al (2017) Phylogenetic taxonomy and classification of the Crinoidea (Echinodermata), Journal of Paleontology 91 4, 829-846 doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.142

Ausich W. I., Wright D. F., et al (2018) Disparid and hybocrinid crinoids (Echinodermata) from the Upper Ordovician (lower Katian) Brechin Lagerstätte of Ontario, Journal of Paleontology 92 5, 850-871 doi:10.1017/jpa.2017.154

Mao Y. Y., Webster G. D., et al (2018) A new crinoid fauna from the Taiyuan Formation (early Permian) of Henan, North China, Journal of Paleontology 92, 1066-1080

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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