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Acila

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	16007	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=16007

Rank

genus (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculida : Nuculidae : Acila

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Bivalvia	Linnaeus 1758
order	Protobranchia	Pelseneer 1889
superorder	Nuculiformii	Dall 1889
order	Nuculida
superfamily	Nuculoidea	(Gray 1824)
family	Nuculidae	Gray 1824
genus	Acila	Adams and Adams 1858

Common Name

divaricate nutclam

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Acila	subgenus	belongs to Nucula	stated without evidence	Gabb, 1868
Acila	genus	belongs to Nuculidae	stated without evidence	Olsson, 1931
Acila	subgenus	belongs to Nucula	stated with evidence	Grant and Gale, 1931
Acila	genus	belongs to Nuculidae	stated with evidence	Schenck, 1936
Acila	genus	belongs to Nuculidae	stated without evidence	Turner, 1938
Acila	genus	belongs to Nuculidae	stated with evidence	Faustman, 1964
Acila	genus	belongs to Nuculidae	stated without evidence	Moore, 1976
Acila	genus	belongs to Nuculidae	stated with evidence	Vokes, 1980
Acila	genus	belongs to Nuculidae	stated without evidence	Tashiro and Kozai, 1982
Acila	genus	belongs to Nuculidae	stated with evidence	Coan et al., 2000
Acila	genus	belongs to Nuculidae	stated without evidence	Matsubara, 2002
Acila	genus	belongs to Nuculoida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Acila	genus	belongs to Nuculidae	stated without evidence	Huber, 2010
Acila	genus	belongs to Nuculidae	stated with evidence	Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2012

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

11 (22%)

First Recorded Appearance

125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Environment

coastal,inner shelf,outer shelf,oceanic (based on Nuculidae)

Motility

facultatively mobile (based on Nuculidae)

Vision

blind (based on Bivalvia)

Diet

deposit feeder, suspension feeder (based on Nuculidae)

Ontogeny

accretion (based on Nuculidae)

Taphonomy

aragonite,thin,minor ribbing (based on Nuculidae)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Acila (Acila) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	83	55.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Acila (Truncacila) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	302	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Acila gabbiana ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Acila lajollaensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Acila nehalemensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	12	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Acila paita ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Acila plura ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Nucula (Acila) ermanni ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Nucula (Acila) hamiltonensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	3	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Nucula (Acila) nelsoni ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Nucula (Acila) pugetensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Nucula (Acila) stillwaterensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Nucula (Acila) yakatagensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	3	41.3 Ma Eocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1858	Acila Adams and Adams p. 545
1868	Nucula (Acila) Gabb p. 197
1922	Nucula (Acila) Weaver and Palmer p. 6
1925	Nucula (Acila) Oldroyd p. 2
1928	Nucula (Acila) Nagao p. 21
1931	Nucula (Acila) Grant and Gale
1931	Acila Olsson p. 34
1932	Nucula (Acila) Nagao p. 50
1936	Acila Schenck p. 23
1938	Acila Turner p. 41
1944	Acila Durham p. 133
1964	Acila Faustman p. 113
1972	Acila Hertlein and Grant p. 147
1973	Acila Woodring p. 489

Year	Name and Author
1976	Acila Moore p. 42
1980	Acila Vokes p. 1
1982	Acila Tashiro and Kozai p. 70
1984	Acila Moore p. 25
1984	Acila Squires p. 40
1987	Acila Squires p. 54
1988	Acila Squires p. 17
1999	Acila Squires p. 22
2000	Acila Coan et al. pp. 71, 74
2001	Acila Todd
2002	Acila Matsubara p. 134
2002	Acila Sepkoski, Jr.
2010	Acila Huber p. 85
2012	Acila Coan and Valentich-Scott p. 34

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Weaver C. E., Palmer K. (1922) Fauna from the Eocene of Washington, University of Washington Publications in Geology 1 3, 1-56

Oldroyd T. S. (1925) The fossils of the Lower San Pedro fauna of the Nob Hill cut, San Pedro, California, Proceedings of the United States National Museum 65 2535, 1-39 doi:10.5479/si.00963801.65-2535.1

Nagao T. (1928) Palaeogene fossils of the Island of Kyushu, Japan Part II, Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University 12 1, 11-140

Grant U. S., Gale H. R. (1931) Catalogue of the Marine Pliocene and Pleistocene Mollusca of California, Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History 1, 1-1036

Olsson A. A. (1931) Contributions to the Tertiary Paleontology of Northern Peru: Part 4, The Peruvian Oligocene, Bulletins of American Paleontology 17 63

Schenck H. G. (1936) Nuculid bivalves of the genus Acila, Geological Society of America Special Paper 4, 1-149

Turner F. E. (1938) Stratigraphy and Mollusca of the Eocene of western Oregon, Geological Society of America Special Paper 10, 1-130

Durham J. W. (1944) Megafaunal zones of the Oligocene of northwestern Washington, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 27, 101 -212

Faustman W. F. (1964) Paleontology of the Wildcat Group at Scotia and Centerville Beach, California, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 41 2, 97-160

Hertlein L. G., Grant U. S. (1972) The Geology and Paleontology of the Marine Pliocene of San Diego, California (Paleontology: Pelecypoda), San Diego Society of Natural History Memoir 2 B, 135-411

Woodring W. P. (1973) Geology and paleontology of canal zone and adjoing parts of Panama: Description of Tertiary mollusks (additions to gastropods, scaphopods, pelecypods: Nuculidae to Malleidae), United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 306 E, 453-539

Moore E. J. (1976) Oligocene marine mollusks from the Pittsburg Bluff Formation in Oregon, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 922, 1-66

Vokes H. E. (1980) Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue, Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Tashiro M., Kozai T. (1982) Part V. Bivalve fossils from the Upper Cretaceous of the Monobe area, Shikoku, Palaeontological Society of Japan Special Papers 25, 69-92

Moore E. J. (1984) Molluscan paleontology and biostratigraphy of the Lower Miocene upper part of the Lincoln Creek Formation in southwestern Washington, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 351, 1-42

Squires R. L. (1984) Megapaleontology of the Eocene Llajas Formation, Simi Valley, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 350, 1-76

Squires R. L. (1987) Eocene molluscan paleontology of the Whitaker Peak area, Los Angeles and Ventura counties, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 388, 1-93

Squires R. L. (1988) Eocene Macropaleontology of Northern Lockwood Valley, Ventura County, California, Contributions in Science (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) 398, 1-23

Coan E. V., Scott P. V., et al (2000) Bivalve seashells of western North America, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural history Monographs 2, 1-764

Todd J. A. (2001) Systematic list of bivalves in the Panama Paleontology Project collections, [http://eusmilia.geology.uiowa.edu/database/bivalves/systemat/bivaltax.htm#list]

Matsubara T. (2002) Molluscan fauna of the "Miocene" Maéjima Formation in Maéjima Island, Okayama Prefecture, southwest Japan, Paleontological Research 6 2, 127-145

Huber M. (2010) , Compendium of bivalves: A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world’s marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research, 1-901

Coan E. V., Valentich-Scott P. (2012) Bivalve Seashells of Tropical West America. Marine Bivalve Mollusks from Baja California to Northern Peru, Santa Barbara museum of Natural history monographs 6, 1-1258

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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