Pinakiolite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Pinakiolite
Formula:
(Mg,Mn2+)2Mn3+(BO3)O2
Colour:
Black; deep reddish brown in transmitted light
Lustre:
Pearly, Metallic
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
3.88
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
From the Greek πινάκιον, a small tablet, and λίθος, stone, in allusion to the thin tabular shape of the crystals.
Dimorph of:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3214
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3214:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
32668e80-0cdb-4d6a-b677-d976a6c7d194
IMA Classification of Pinakiolite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
(Mg,Mn)2(Mn3+,Sb5+)O2(BO3)
First published:
1891
Classification of Pinakiolite
6.AB.35
6 : BORATES
A : Monoborates
B : BO3, with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.
6 : BORATES
A : Monoborates
B : BO3, with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.
24.2.4.1
24 : ANHYDROUS BORATES
2 : A2BO2[XO3]
24 : ANHYDROUS BORATES
2 : A2BO2[XO3]
9.7.1
9 : Borates
7 : Borates of Mn
9 : Borates
7 : Borates of Mn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Pki | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Pinakiolite
Pearly, Metallic
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Comment:
brilliant on {010}, to pearly
Colour:
Black; deep reddish brown in transmitted light
Streak:
Brown-gray
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Very brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {010}.
On {010}.
Density:
3.88 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.94(15) g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Pinakiolite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.908(5) nβ = 2.050(1) nγ = 2.060(10)
2V:
Measured: 31° to 33°, Calculated: 64°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.152
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
r < v
Optical Extinction:
X = b; Y = c; Z = a.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = Deep reddish brown
Y = Nearly opaque
Z = Reddish yellow
Y = Nearly opaque
Z = Reddish yellow
Chemistry of Pinakiolite
Mindat Formula:
(Mg,Mn2+)2Mn3+(BO3)O2
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Pinakiolite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.36 Å, b = 5.98 Å, c = 21.79 Å
β = 120.57°
β = 120.57°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.896 : 1 : 3.644
Unit Cell V:
601.35 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Thin rectangular tablets {010}. Short prismatic [001], rare. Crystals often bent or broken.
Twinning:
On {011} common as contact and/or cruciform interpenetrant twins.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
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Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000416 | Pinakiolite | Moore P B, Araki T (1974) Pinakiolite, Mg2MnO2[BO3]; warwickite, Mg(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O[BO3]; wightmanite, Mg5(O)(OH)5[BO3].nH2O: Crystal chemistry of complex 3 Angstrom wallpaper structures American Mineralogist 59 985-1004 | 1974 | Langban, Sweden | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
2.51 Å | (10) |
2.70 Å | (9) |
5.42 Å | (8) |
1.986 Å | (6) |
2.165 Å | (4) |
1.623 Å | (4) |
1.496 Å | (4) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Near-surface Processes | |
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits |
Type Occurrence of Pinakiolite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Bands in matrix.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden, 531826.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Bands in granular dolomite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Flink, G. (1891) Ueber Pinakiolith und Trimerit, zwei neue Mineralien aus den Mangangruben Schwedens. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 18: 361-376.
Synonyms of Pinakiolite
Other Language Names for Pinakiolite
Varieties of Pinakiolite
Sb-rich pinakiolite | Described by Hansen et al. (1988) and Norrestam & Hansen (1990) as a Sb-bearing pinakiolite, a new structural variety from Långban, Sweden. |
Relationship of Pinakiolite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Aluminomagnesiohulsite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Al,Mg,Sn)(BO3)O2 | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
Folvikite | Sb5+Mn3+(Mg,Mn2+)10O8(BO3)4 | Mon. 2 : P2 |
Hulsite | (Fe2+,Mg)2(Fe3+,Sn)(BO3)O2 | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
Magnesiohulsite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Sn,Mg)(BO3)O2 | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
7 photos of Pinakiolite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
6 photos of Pinakiolite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
1 photo of Pinakiolite associated with Molybdophyllite | Pb8Mg9[Si10O28(OH)8O2(CO3)3] · H2O |
1 photo of Pinakiolite associated with Berzeliite | (NaCa2)Mg2(AsO4)3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
6.AB. | Rhabdoborite-(Mo) | Mg12Mo6+1.33O6(BO3)6F2 |
6.AB. | Chubarovite | KZn2(BO3)Cl2 |
6.AB. | Savelievaite | Mg2Cr3+O2(BO3) |
6.AB.05 | Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
6.AB.10 | Berborite | Be2(BO3)(OH,F) · H2O |
6.AB.15 | Jeremejevite | Al6(BO3)5(F,OH)3 |
6.AB.20 | Warwickite | (Mg,Ti,Fe,Al)2O(BO3) |
6.AB.20 | Yuanfuliite | Mg(Fe3+,Al)O(BO3) |
6.AB.25 | Karlite | (Mg,Al)6.5(BO3)3(OH)4(◻,Cl)0.5 |
6.AB.30 | Azoproite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Ti,Mg)(BO3)O2 |
6.AB.30 | Bonaccordite | Ni2Fe3+(BO3)O2 |
6.AB.30 | Fredrikssonite | Mg2(Mn3+,Fe3+)(BO3)O2 |
6.AB.30 | Ludwigite | Mg2Fe3+(BO3)O2 |
6.AB.30 | Vonsenite | Fe2+2Fe3+(BO3)O2 |
6.AB.30 | Marinaite | Cu2Fe3+O2(BO3) |
6.AB.35 | Folvikite | Sb5+Mn3+(Mg,Mn2+)10O8(BO3)4 |
6.AB.40 | Blatterite | Sb5+3(Mn3+,Fe3+)9(Mn2+,Mg)35(BO3)16O32 |
6.AB.40 | Chestermanite | Mg2(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Sb3+)(BO3)O2 |
6.AB.40 | Orthopinakiolite | (Mg,Mn2+)2Mn3+(BO3)O2 |
6.AB.40 | Takéuchiite | (Mg,Mn2+)2(Mn3+,Fe3+)(BO3)O2 |
6.AB.45 | Hulsite | (Fe2+,Mg)2(Fe3+,Sn)(BO3)O2 |
6.AB.45 | Magnesiohulsite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Sn,Mg)(BO3)O2 |
6.AB.45 | Aluminomagnesiohulsite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Al,Mg,Sn)(BO3)O2 |
6.AB.50 | Fluoborite | Mg3(BO3)(F,OH)3 |
6.AB.50 | Hydroxylborite | Mg3(BO3)(OH)3 |
6.AB.55 | Shabynite | Mg5(BO3)(OH)5(Cl,OH)2 · 4H2O |
6.AB.55 | Wightmanite | Mg5(BO3)O(OH)5 · 2H2O |
6.AB.60 | Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
6.AB.65 | Sakhaite | Ca48Mg16(BO3)32(CO3)16 · 2(H2O,HCl) |
6.AB.70 | Harkerite | Ca48Mg16[AlSi4O15(OH)]4(BO3)16(CO3)16 · 2(H2O,HCl) |
6.AB.75 | Pertsevite-(F) | Mg2(BO3)(F,OH) |
6.AB.75 | Pertsevite-(OH) | Mg2(BO3)(OH) |
6.AB.80 | Jacquesdietrichite | Cu2(H2BO3)(OH)3 |
6.AB.85 | Painite | CaZrAl9(BO3)O15 |
6.AB.85 | Rhabdoborite-(V) | Mg12(V5+,Mo6+,W6+)1.5O6{[BO3]6-x[(P,As)O4]xF2-x} (x < 1) |
6.AB.85 | Rhabdoborite-(W) | Mg12(W6+,V5+)1.5O6{[BO3]6-x[(P,As)O4]xF2-x} |
6.AB.90 | Mengxianminite | (Ca,Na)2Sn2(Mg,Fe)3Al8[(BO3)(BeO4)O6]2 |
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in concentrated HCl with the evolution of elemental chlorine.
Health Risks:
Emits poisonous chlorine gas when contacted by concentrated HCl.
Internet Links for Pinakiolite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3214.html
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References for Pinakiolite
Reference List:
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin Vol. 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.120
Localities for Pinakiolite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| Bishop et al. (1974) |
Romania | |
| minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008) |
Sweden (TL) | |
| Zeits.Krist.Min. (1890) +2 other references |
Grensman (2003) | |
www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com (2022) +1 other reference |
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Långban Mine, Långban Ore District, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden