Vonsenite
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About Vonsenite
Formula:
Fe2+2Fe3+(BO3)O2
Colour:
Black, greenish black
Lustre:
Silky
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
4.7
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1920 by Arthur S. Eakle in honor of Magnus Vonsen [April 17, 1880 {erroneously 1879} Vallejo near Petaluma, California, USA - June 16, 1954], mineral collector of Petaluma, California who donated his extensive collection to the California Academy of Sciences.
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
Ludwigite Group. Ludwigite-Vonsenite Series. The Fe2+ analogue of Ludwigite.
A high-temperature mineral occurring in contact metamorphic deposits.
A high-temperature mineral occurring in contact metamorphic deposits.
Classification of Vonsenite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
5/G.04-20
6.AB.30
6 : BORATES
A : Monoborates
B : BO3, with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.
6 : BORATES
A : Monoborates
B : BO3, with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.
24.2.1.2
24 : ANHYDROUS BORATES
2 : A2BO2[XO3]
24 : ANHYDROUS BORATES
2 : A2BO2[XO3]
9.8.1
9 : Borates
8 : Borates of Fe
9 : Borates
8 : Borates of Fe
Physical Properties of Vonsenite
Silky
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black, greenish black
Streak:
Black, blackish green
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
None Observed
Density:
4.7 g/cm3 (Measured)
Chemical Properties of Vonsenite
Formula:
Fe2+2Fe3+(BO3)O2
IMA Formula:
Fe2+2Fe3+O2(BO3)
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Mg,Al
Crystallography of Vonsenite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.45 Å, b = 12.28 Å, c = 3.07 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.77 : 1 : 0.25
Unit Cell V:
356.26 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Single crystals prismatic [001], rare. Radiating to matted fibrous masses.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000909 | Vonsenite | Swinnea J S, Steinfink H (1983) Crystal structure and Mossbauer spectrum of vonsenite, 2FeO*FeBO3 American Mineralogist 68 827-832 | ![]() | 1983 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Type Occurrence of Vonsenite
Synonyms of Vonsenite
Other Language Names for Vonsenite
Varieties of Vonsenite
Breislakite | A fibrous variety of vonsenite. |
Relationship of Vonsenite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Azoproite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Ti,Mg)(BO3)O2 | Orth. |
Bonaccordite | Ni2Fe3+(BO3)O2 | Orth. |
Fredrikssonite | Mg2(Mn3+,Fe3+)(BO3)O2 | Orth. |
Ludwigite | Mg2Fe3+(BO3)O2 | Orth. |
Marinaite | Cu2Fe3+O2(BO3) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
7 photos of Vonsenite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
5 photos of Vonsenite associated with Phillipsite-K | (K,Na,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] . 12H2O |
4 photos of Vonsenite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
3 photos of Vonsenite associated with Chabazite-K | (K2,Ca,Na2,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
3 photos of Vonsenite associated with Cristobalite | SiO2 |
3 photos of Vonsenite associated with Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
2 photos of Vonsenite associated with Löllingite | FeAs2 |
2 photos of Vonsenite associated with Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
2 photos of Vonsenite associated with Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
2 photos of Vonsenite associated with Alumoludwigite | Mg2Fe3+(BO3)O2 |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
6.AB. | Chubarovite | KZn2(BO3)Cl2 | Trig. 3 2 : R3 2 |
6.AB.05 | Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
6.AB.10 | Berborite | Be2(BO3)(OH,F) · H2O | Trig. |
6.AB.15 | Jeremejevite | Al6(BO3)5(F,OH)3 | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
6.AB.20 | Warwickite | (Mg,Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)2O(BO3) | Orth. |
6.AB.20 | Yuanfuliite | Mg(Fe3+,Al)O(BO3) | Orth. |
6.AB.25 | Karlite | Mg7(BO3)3(OH,Cl)5 | Orth. |
6.AB.30 | Azoproite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Ti,Mg)(BO3)O2 | Orth. |
6.AB.30 | Bonaccordite | Ni2Fe3+(BO3)O2 | Orth. |
6.AB.30 | Fredrikssonite | Mg2(Mn3+,Fe3+)(BO3)O2 | Orth. |
6.AB.30 | Ludwigite | Mg2Fe3+(BO3)O2 | Orth. |
6.AB.35 | Pinakiolite | (Mg,Mn2+)2Mn3+(BO3)O2 | Mon. |
6.AB.40 | Blatterite | Sb5+3(Mn3+,Fe3+)9(Mn2+,Mg)35(BO3)16O32 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm |
6.AB.40 | Chestermanite | Mg2(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Sb3+)(BO3)O2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
6.AB.40 | Orthopinakiolite | (Mg,Mn2+)2Mn3+(BO3)O2 | Orth. |
6.AB.40 | Takéuchiite | (Mg,Mn2+)2(Mn3+,Fe3+)(BO3)O2 | Orth. |
6.AB.45 | Hulsite | (Fe2+,Mg)2(Fe3+,Sn)(BO3)O2 | Mon. |
6.AB.45 | Magnesiohulsite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Sn,Mg)(BO3)O2 | Mon. |
6.AB.45 | Aluminomagnesiohulsite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Al,Mg,Sn)(BO3)O2 | Mon. 2/m |
6.AB.50 | Fluoborite | Mg3(BO3)(F,OH)3 | Hex. |
6.AB.50 | Hydroxylborite | Mg3(BO3)(OH)3 | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
6.AB.55 | Shabynite | Mg5(BO3)(OH)5(Cl,OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. |
6.AB.55 | Wightmanite | Mg5(BO3)O(OH)5 · 2H2O | Mon. |
6.AB.60 | Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 | Hex. |
6.AB.65 | Sakhaite | Ca12Mg4(BO3)7(CO3)4(OH)2Cl | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
6.AB.70 | Harkerite | Ca12Mg4Al(BO3)3(SiO4)4(CO3)5 · H2O | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
6.AB.75 | Pertsevite-(F) | Mg2(BO3)(F,OH) | Orth. mm2 : Pna21 |
6.AB.75 | Pertsevite-(OH) | Mg2(BO3)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
6.AB.80 | Jacquesdietrichite | Cu2(H2BO3)(OH)3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
6.AB.85 | Painite | CaZrAl9(BO3)O15 | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
24.2.1.1 | Ludwigite | Mg2Fe3+(BO3)O2 | Orth. |
24.2.1.3 | Azoproite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Ti,Mg)(BO3)O2 | Orth. |
24.2.1.4 | Bonaccordite | Ni2Fe3+(BO3)O2 | Orth. |
24.2.1.5 | Chestermanite | Mg2(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Sb3+)(BO3)O2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
24.2.1.6 | Fredrikssonite | Mg2(Mn3+,Fe3+)(BO3)O2 | Orth. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
9.8.2 | Ludwigite | Mg2Fe3+(BO3)O2 | Orth. |
9.8.3 | Fredrikssonite | Mg2(Mn3+,Fe3+)(BO3)O2 | Orth. |
9.8.4 | Chestermanite | Mg2(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Sb3+)(BO3)O2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Other Information
Notes:
Slowly soluble in acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
None
References for Vonsenite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Knopf and Schaller (1908) American Journal of Science: 25: 323.
Schaller (1910) American Journal of Science: 29: 543.
Butler and Schaller (1917) Journal of the Washington Academy of Science: 7: 29 (as Ferroludwigite).
Eakle, A.S. (1920), Vonsenite; a preliminary note on a new mineral from Riverside, California, American Mineralogist: 5: 141-143.
Vakar, Knipovich, and Schafpanovsky (1934) Mineralogicheskoe Obshchestvo, Leningrad, Zapiski: 63: 381.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 321-324.
Vlisidid, A.C. and Schaller, W.T. (1974) The identity of paigeite with vonsenite, and chemical analysis of vonsenite, ludwigite and hulsite. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1974(3-4): 95-105.
American Mineralogist (1983): 68: 827-832.
Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1989): 69-83.
Grew, E.S., and Anovitz, L.M. (1996) BORON: Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, second edition, as revised (2002).
Internet Links for Vonsenite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4207.html
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Localities for Vonsenite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| USGS Open-File Report 2009-1252 Sediment-hosted zinc-lead deposits of the world - Database and grade and tonnage models |
Australia | |
| Bottrill (unpub) |
| R Bottrill, unpublished research |
| Bottrill, R.S., Baker, W.E. (2008) A Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania. Geological Survey Tasmania Bulletin 73, 254 pages. |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch, U. & Brandstätter, F. (2012): 1750) Anglesit, Apatit, Azurit, Fayalit, Humboldtin, Laihunit, Magnetit, Vonsenit und eine Cu-S-Si-O-H-Phase aus einer Kupferschlacke vom Lechnerberg bei Kaprun, Salzburg. Pp. 153-155 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2012): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXI. Carinthia II, 202./122., 123-180. |
Canada | |
| Liverton, T., 2016. A-type granite plutons and tin skarns in southeast Yukon: Mindy prospect and surrounding granite of 105C/9. In: Yukon Exploration and Geology 2015, K.E. MacFarlane and M.G. Nordling (eds.), Yukon Geological Survey, p. 151-164. |
China | |
| Daqiu Huang and Zhangqi Peng (1985), In: Collected Papers of the Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Geological Society of China Publications, Vol. 9; Lianshun Feng (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 21-27 |
| Xuehui Xia, Fei Yan, Yuhai Zhao, and Wenzong Chang (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(1), 83-88; Yanjun Li, Tai Gao, and Yuexin Han (2006): Non-Ferrous Mining and Metallurgy 22(6), 14-16 |
Germany | |
| Blaß, G. & Schüller, W. (2012): Der Rother Kopf in der Vulkaneifel. Lapis, 37 (3), 20-29. |
| Lapis, 17 (10), 13-24+82. |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
Italy | |
| Russo M. (2008): Zeolites from Campi Flegrei. Bollettino AIZ Series/Report, Vol. 31 (2008), 13-23. Publisher: Associazione Italiana Zeoliti onlus |
| Massim Russo collection |
Federico M. (1969): Vonsenite nel Piperno di Pianura (Campi Flegrei, Napoli). Per. Mineral., 38, 81-85; Aleksandrov S.M. [Александров С.М.] (1974): Geochemical peculiarities of the occurrences of endogenic borate mineralisation in Italy [Геохимические особенности проявления эндогенной боратной минерализации в Италии]. Geokhimiya, 10, 1440-1449 (in Russian). | |
Russo, M. (2008) Zeolites from Campi Flegrei, Bollettino AIZ Series/Report, Vol. 31 (2008), Publisher: Associazione Italiana Zeoliti onlus | |
| Monticelli, T., and Covelli, N. (1825) Prodromo della Mineralogia Vesuviana. Volume I. Orittognosia. Da' Torchi del Tramater, Napoli, XXXIV+483 pages + 19 plates; Monticelli, T. (1841) Memorie sulla lava della Scala. In: Opere dell'Abate Teodoro Monticelli. Volume II. Stabilimento Tipografico Dell'Aquila, Napoli, pages 96-105. |
| M. Carati - Guida alla mineralogia vesuviana - Calderini, Bologna, 1982 |
Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI | |
| Luigi Chiappino data |
| Carati, M. (1981) Mineralogia Vesuviana: Camaldoli della Torre (NA). Notiziario del Gruppo Mineralogico Geologico Napoletano, 2, 4, 15-16; Carati, M. (1982) Guida alla mineralogia vesuviana. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 121 pages; Russo, M., and Punzo, I. (2004) I Minerali del Somma-Vesuvio. AMI Associazione Micro-mineralogica Italiana, Tipografia Fantigrafica s.r.l., Cremona, 320 pages. |
Russo, M. (1981) Mineralogia Campana: Le lave del 1631. Cava di Villa Inglese. Notiziario del Gruppo Mineralogico Geologico Napoletano, 2, 2, 7-12; Carati, M. (1982) Guida alla mineralogia vesuviana. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 121 pages; Russo, M. (2003) Mineralogia vesuviana: le cave di Villa Inglese (Torre del Greco, NA). Micro (località), 1-10; Russo, M., and Punzo, I. (2004) I Minerali del Somma-Vesuvio. AMI Associazione Micro-mineralogica Italiana, Tipografia Fantigrafica s.r.l., Cremona, 320 pages. | |
| Del Caldo, A., Moro, C., Gramaccioli, C.M., Boscardin, M. (1973): Guida ai minerali. Fratelli Fabbri Editori, Milano, 208 pp.; Carati, M. (1988): I minerali degli inclusi metamorfosati nel Tufo Grigio Campano. Notiziario del Gruppo Mineralogico Geologico Napoletano, 18, 5-12; Russo, M. & Punzo, I. (2010 communication) |
| Mattias P.P. (1969): I minerali rinvenuti nelle cavità di una tefrite leucitica nella zona di Pofi (Frosinone). Per. Mineral., 38, 1, 87-108; Boscardin M. (1974): Informazioni di mineralogia italiana. 42) Minerali di Pofi (Frosinone). Notizie Gr. Mineral. Lombardo, 5, 2 (Giugno 1974), 30. |
| Della Ventura, Bonazzi, Obertia and Ottolini, Am. Min. vol. 87 p. 739 (2002) |
Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification) | |
| Stoppani, F.S., and Curti, E. (1982) I minerali del Lazio. Editoriale Olimpia, Firenze, 291 pp.; Liotti, L. (1995) I minerali del complesso vulcanico dei Colli Albani. Seconda parte. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 18, 1 (1-1995), 55-70; Carlini, R., and Signoretti, E. (2018) Il Lazio classico: le cave di leucitite della provincia di Roma (Vallerano, Laghetto e Osa). Fossils & Minerals, 4, 24-53. |
| Fornaseri, M., and Turi, B. (1969) Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of carbonates in lavas and ejectites from the Alban Hills, Italy. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 23, 244-256. |
A. Del caldo - Località mineralogiche consigliate: Le vulcaniti laziali: Notizie del Guppo Min. Lombardo - 1, March 1971, p. 9 - (This publication later changed its name in Rivista Minealogica Italiana) | |
| Fornaseri, M., and Turi, B. (1969) Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of carbonates in lavas and ejectites from the Alban Hills, Italy. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 23, 244-256; Stoppani, F.S., and Curti, E. (1982) I minerali del Lazio. Editoriale Olimpia, Firenze, 291 pp. |
| Fornaseri, M., and Turi, B. (1969) Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of carbonates in lavas and ejectites from the Alban Hills, Italy. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 23, 244-256; Del Caldo, A. (1971) Località mineralogiche consigliate. Le vulcaniti laziali. 1) Cava di selce dell'Osa. Notizie del Guppo Mineralogico Lombardo, 2, 1 (marzo 1971), 6-8; Del Caldo, A., Moro, C., Gramaccioli, C.M., and Boscardin, M. (1973) Guida ai minerali. Fratelli Fabbri Editori, Milano, 208 pp.; Aleksandrov, S.M. [Александров, С.М.] (1974) Geochemical peculiarities of the occurrences of endogenic borate mineralisation in Italy [Геохимические особенности проявления эндогенной боратной минерализации в Италии]. Geokhimiya, 10, 1440-1449 (in Russian); De Michele, V. (1974) Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol., 408 pp.; Stoppani, F.S., and Curti, E. (1982) I minerali del Lazio. Editoriale Olimpia, Firenze, 291 pages; Carlini, R., and Signoretti, E. (2018) Il Lazio classico: le cave di leucitite della provincia di Roma (Vallerano, Laghetto e Osa). Fossils & Minerals, 4, 24-53. |
Gresta, S., Duronio, F., Mancinella D. (2002): Geositi e Sistema delle Aree Protette del Lazio: idee per la geoconservazione. Il Cercapietre. Not. del Gruppo Mineralogico Romano, 1-2: 48-55 | |
| Zambonini, F. (1902) Kurzer Beitrag zur chemischen Kenntniss einiger Zeolithe der Umgegend Roms. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaeontologie, 2, 63-96; Fornaseri, M., and Turi, B. (1969) Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of carbonates in lavas and ejectites from the Alban Hills, Italy. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 23, 244-256; De Michele, V. (1974) Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol., 408 pp.; Stoppani, F.S., and Curti, E. (1982) I minerali del Lazio. Editoriale Olimpia, Firenze, 291 pp.; Liotti, L. (1995) I minerali del complesso vulcanico dei Colli Albani. Seconda parte. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 18, 1 (1-1995), 55-70; Carlini, R., and Signoretti, E. (2018) Il Lazio classico: le cave di leucitite della provincia di Roma (Vallerano, Laghetto e Osa). Fossils & Minerals, 4, 24-53. |
| Carloni, L., Signoretti, E., (2002): Le sanadiniti di Bassano Romano. Distretto Vulcanico Sabatino. Il Cercapietre. Not. del Gruppo Mineralogico Romano, 1-2: 28-36 |
American Mineralogist, Volume 86, pages 1066–1075, 2001 | |
Della Ventura, G., Williams, C.T., Cabella, R., Oberti, R., Caprilli, E., Bellatreccia, F. (1999) Britholite-hellandite intergrowths and associated REE-minerals from the alkali-syenitic ejecta of the Vico volcanic complex (Latium, Italy): petrological implications bearing on REE mobility in volcanic systems. European Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 843-854; Oberti, R., Ottolini, L., Cámara, F., Della Ventura, G. (1999) Crystal structure of non-metamict Th-rich hellandite-(Ce) from Latium (Italy) and crystal chemistry of the hellandite-group minerals. American Mineralogist, 84, 913–921. | |
"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)" | |
| - Signoretti, E. & Bosco, P. (2001): Le cave di Gradoli e Onano. Il Cercapietre, 1/2-2001, 10-25 |
| "Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)" |
| Cresta, S., Duronio, F., Mancinella, D. (2002): Geositi e sistema delle arre protette del Lazio: idee per la geoconservazione. Il Cercapietre, 1-2/2002, 48-55 |
| Federico, M. (1968) Una tridimite monoclina di bassa temperatura nelle rocce trachitiche del Vulcano Cimino. Periodico di Mineralogia, 37, 215-238; Stoppani, F.S., and Curti, E. (1982) I minerali del Lazio. Editoriale Olimpia, Firenze, 291 pp. |
| Burli, M., Caponera, I., Signoretti, E. (2007): Le "sanidiniti" di Monte Saliette (Valentano, VT). Il Cercapietre. Not. del Gruppo Mineralogico Romano, 1-2: 13-18 |
AMI UK service | |
"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)" | |
"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)" | |
American Mineralogist, Volume 91, pages 1170-1177, 2006 | |
Carlini, R., Signoretti, E., 2003. Località minori del vulcano Vicano: Villa S.Giovanni in Tuscia e Mazzocchio. Il Cercapietre. Not. del Gruppo Mineralogico Romano, 1-2: 33-41 | |
| Flavio G. Taricco collection |
Scherillo A. (1940): I proietti con minerali boriferi dei Vulcani Cimini. Per. Mineral., 11, 367-391; Stoppani F.S, Curti E. (1982): I minerali del Lazio. Editoriale Olimpia, Firenze, 291 pp. | |
| "Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)" |
"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)" | |
Paolo Capitanio Collection | |
| F. Brignoli self collected |
| PANICHI U. (1924): Contributo allo studio dei minerali dell'Isola di Vulcano. - Memorie della Società Italiana delle Scienze (detta dei XL) - serie 3 - 19, 3-55. |
Japan | |
| Watanabe & Ito (1954) Mineralogical Journal, 1, 84-88. |
| Minakawa and Adachi (1990) Chigaku Kenkyu, 39, 91-95 |
Pakistan | |
| Moore, T. (2004): What's New in Minerals. Costa Mesa Show 2003. Mineralogical Record. 35 (2), 143-145 |
Russia | |
| [MinRec 32:8] |
[World of Stones 12:49] | |
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 323. | |
| Aleksandrov, S.M. (1998): Geochemistry of skarn and ore formation in dolomites. VSP (Utrecht, Tokyo), 300 pp. |
Spain | |
| Sanabria, R. and Calvo, M. (2002). Los yacimientos de magnetita de Burguillos del Cerro. Revista de Minerales, 2 (3), 4-25 |
USA | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 323.; USGS Bull 358; Faust G T, Schaller W T (1971) Schoenfliesite, MgSn(OH)6. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 134, 116-141 |
| Aleksandrov, S. M. (2010). Skarn-greisen deposits of the lost river and mount ear ore field, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, United States. Geochemistry International, 48(12), 1220-1236. |
| Chesterman, C.W. (1966a), Vonsenite of Monterey County, California: American Mineralogist: 51: 261-262; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 383; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 236. |
| [micromounts@yahoogroups.com] |
| Stanislav Mikhaĭlovich Aleksandrov (1998) "Geochemistry of skarn and ore formation in dolomites" p. 147 |
Eakle, A.S. (1920), Vonsenite; a preliminary note on a new mineral from Riverside, California, American Mineralogist: 5: 141-143; Vlisidid, A.C. and Schaller, W.T. (1974) The identity of paigeite with vonsenite, and chemical analysis of vonsenite, ludwigite and hulsite. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1974(3-4): 95-105; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 236. | |
| Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson |
| American Mineralogist (1960): 45: 439. |
| George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483. |
NY State Museum spec. no. 13889; George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483.; B.F. Leonard and A.F. Buddington (1964) Ore deposits of the St. Lawrence County magnetite district, northwest Adirondacks, New York. USGS Professional Paper 377 |
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Titovskoe B deposit, Tas-Khayakhtakh Range, Dogdo River Basin, Polar Yakutia, Sakha Republic, Russia