Vonsenite

Vonsenite, etc.

Titovskoe B deposit, Tas-Khayakhtakh Range, Dogdo River Basin, Polar Yakutia, Sakha Republic, Russia

Vonsenite

Tre Croci, Vetralla, Viterbo Province, Lazio, Italy

Vonsenite

Vitiello Quarry, Terzigno, Mt Vesuvius, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples, Campania, Italy

Vonsenite, etc.

Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples, Campania, Italy

Vonsenite, etc.

Titovskoe B deposit, Tas-Khayakhtakh Range, Dogdo River Basin, Polar Yakutia, Sakha Republic, Russia

Vonsenite

Tre Croci, Vetralla, Viterbo Province, Lazio, Italy

Vonsenite

Vitiello Quarry, Terzigno, Mt Vesuvius, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples, Campania, Italy

Vonsenite, etc.

Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples, Campania, Italy

Vonsenite, etc.

Titovskoe B deposit, Tas-Khayakhtakh Range, Dogdo River Basin, Polar Yakutia, Sakha Republic, Russia

Vonsenite

Tre Croci, Vetralla, Viterbo Province, Lazio, Italy

About VonseniteHide

Magnus Vonsen

Formula:

Fe²⁺₂Fe³⁺(BO₃)O₂

Colour:

Black, greenish black

Lustre:

Silky

Hardness:

5

Specific Gravity:

4.7

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Member of:

Ludwigite Group

Name:

Named in 1920 by Arthur S. Eakle in honor of Magnus Vonsen [April 17, 1880 {erroneously 1879} Vallejo near Petaluma, California, USA - June 16, 1954], mineral collector of Petaluma, California who donated his extensive collection to the California Academy of Sciences.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Old City Quarry (City Quarry; North Hill Quarry; Quarry Hill; Fairmount), Riverside, Riverside Co., California, USA

Isostructural with:

Ludwigite

Ludwigite Group. Ludwigite-Vonsenite Series. The Fe²⁺ analogue of Ludwigite.

A high-temperature mineral occurring in contact metamorphic deposits.

Classification of VonseniteHide

Physical Properties of VonseniteHide

Chemical Properties of VonseniteHide

Crystallography of VonseniteHide

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0000909	Vonsenite	Swinnea J S, Steinfink H (1983) Crystal structure and Mossbauer spectrum of vonsenite, 2FeO*FeBO3 American Mineralogist 68 827-832		1983		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to closedata_global _chemical_name_mineral 'Vonsenite' loop_ _publ_author_name 'Swinnea J S' 'Steinfink H' _journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist' _journal_volume 68 _journal_year 1983 _journal_page_first 827 _journal_page_last 832 _publ_section_title ; Crystal structure and Mossbauer spectrum of vonsenite, 2FeO*FeBO3 ; _database_code_amcsd 0000909 _chemical_formula_sum 'Fe3 B O5' _cell_length_a 9.463 _cell_length_b 12.305 _cell_length_c 3.0727 _cell_angle_alpha 90 _cell_angle_beta 90 _cell_angle_gamma 90 _cell_volume 357.792 _exptl_crystal_density_diffrn 4.796 _symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P b a m' loop_ _space_group_symop_operation_xyz 'x,y,z' '1/2+x,1/2-y,z' '1/2-x,1/2+y,-z' '1/2-x,1/2+y,z' '1/2+x,1/2-y,-z' 'x,y,-z' '-x,-y,z' '-x,-y,-z' loop_ _atom_site_label _atom_site_fract_x _atom_site_fract_y _atom_site_fract_z Fe1 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 Fe2 0.50000 0.00000 0.50000 Fe3 0.00040 0.27416 0.00000 Fe4 0.74430 0.38768 0.50000 B1 0.26830 0.36080 0.50000 O1 0.84310 0.04220 0.50000 O2 0.38760 0.07870 0.00000 O3 0.62270 0.13820 0.50000 O4 0.11290 0.14090 0.00000 O5 0.84020 0.23650 0.50000 loop_ _atom_site_aniso_label _atom_site_aniso_U_11 _atom_site_aniso_U_22 _atom_site_aniso_U_33 _atom_site_aniso_U_12 _atom_site_aniso_U_13 _atom_site_aniso_U_23 Fe1 0.00544 0.00591 0.01067 -0.00195 0.00000 0.00000 Fe2 0.01860 0.00568 0.00670 -0.00383 0.00000 0.00000 Fe3 0.00572 0.00537 0.00923 0.00106 0.00000 0.00000 Fe4 0.00603 0.00683 0.00689 0.00136 0.00000 0.00000 B1 0.01361 0.00614 0.00569 -0.00413 0.00000 0.00000 O1 0.00635 0.00537 0.01325 -0.00118 0.00000 0.00000 O2 0.00680 0.00614 0.01062 0.00177 0.00000 0.00000 O3 0.00544 0.00460 0.01320 -0.00236 0.00000 0.00000 O4 0.00499 0.00537 0.01248 0.00059 0.00000 0.00000 O5 0.00499 0.00690 0.01239 -0.00118 0.00000 0.00000

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Radiation - Copper Kα

Data Set: Monchi mine, Burguillos del Cerro, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain 1168

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Type Occurrence of VonseniteHide

Synonyms of VonseniteHide

Other Language Names for VonseniteHide

Varieties of VonseniteHide

Relationship of Vonsenite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide

Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)Hide

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

References for VonseniteHide

Internet Links for VonseniteHide

Localities for VonseniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Argentina
Jujuy Province Humahuaca Department El Aguilar ⓘ La Esperanza deposit	USGS Open-File Report 2009-1252 Sediment-hosted zinc-lead deposits of the world - Database and grade and tonnage models
Australia
Tasmania Waratah-Wynyard municipality Waratah district Waratah ⓘ Mount Bischoff mine (Mt Bischoff mine)	Bottrill (unpub)
West Coast municipality Mt Lindsay mineral field ⓘ Mt Lindsay mine (Parsons Hood)	R Bottrill, unpublished research
Zeehan district Mt Heemskirk mineral field ⓘ Tenth Legion mine	Bottrill, R.S., Baker, W.E. (2008) A Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania. Geological Survey Tasmania Bulletin 73, 254 pages.
Austria
Salzburg Zell am See District Kaprun ⓘ Lechnerberg slag locality	Kolitsch, U. & Brandstätter, F. (2012): 1750) Anglesit, Apatit, Azurit, Fayalit, Humboldtin, Laihunit, Magnetit, Vonsenit und eine Cu-S-Si-O-H-Phase aus einer Kupferschlacke vom Lechnerberg bei Kaprun, Salzburg. Pp. 153-155 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2012): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXI. Carinthia II, 202./122., 123-180.
Canada
Yukon Watson Lake mining district ⓘ Mindy prospect	Liverton, T., 2016. A-type granite plutons and tin skarns in southeast Yukon: Mindy prospect and surrounding granite of 105C/9. In: Yukon Exploration and Geology 2015, K.E. MacFarlane and M.G. Nordling (eds.), Yukon Geological Survey, p. 151-164.
China
Guangdong Heyuan Lianping Co. ⓘ Dading Fe-Sn deposit	Daqiu Huang and Zhangqi Peng (1985), In: Collected Papers of the Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Geological Society of China Publications, Vol. 9; Lianshun Feng (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 21-27
Liaoning Dandong Fengcheng City ⓘ Wengquan'gou Boron deposit	Xuehui Xia, Fei Yan, Yuhai Zhao, and Wenzong Chang (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(1), 83-88; Yanjun Li, Tai Gao, and Yuexin Han (2006): Non-Ferrous Mining and Metallurgy 22(6), 14-16
Germany
Rhineland-Palatinate Vulkaneifel District Gerolstein Gerolstein Roth ⓘ Rother Kopf	Blaß, G. & Schüller, W. (2012): Der Rother Kopf in der Vulkaneifel. Lapis, 37 (3), 20-29.
Saxony Erzgebirgskreis ⓘ Breitenbrunn	Lapis, 17 (10), 13-24+82.
Schwarzenberg ⓘ Pöhla-Tellerhäuser Mine	Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
Italy
Campania Naples Bacoli ⓘ Torregaveta	Russo M. (2008): Zeolites from Campi Flegrei. Bollettino AIZ Series/Report, Vol. 31 (2008), 13-23. Publisher: Associazione Italiana Zeoliti onlus
Ischia Island ⓘ Forio	Massim Russo collection
ⓘ Pianura	Federico M. (1969): Vonsenite nel Piperno di Pianura (Campi Flegrei, Napoli). Per. Mineral., 38, 81-85; Aleksandrov S.M. [Александров С.М.] (1974): Geochemical peculiarities of the occurrences of endogenic borate mineralisation in Italy [Геохимические особенности проявления эндогенной боратной минерализации в Италии]. Geokhimiya, 10, 1440-1449 (in Russian).
ⓘ Procida Island	Russo, M. (2008) Zeolites from Campi Flegrei, Bollettino AIZ Series/Report, Vol. 31 (2008), Publisher: Associazione Italiana Zeoliti onlus
Somma-Vesuvius Complex Monte Somma Ercolano ⓘ Scala lava flow	Monticelli, T., and Covelli, N. (1825) Prodromo della Mineralogia Vesuviana. Volume I. Orittognosia. Da' Torchi del Tramater, Napoli, XXXIV+483 pages + 19 plates; Monticelli, T. (1841) Memorie sulla lava della Scala. In: Opere dell'Abate Teodoro Monticelli. Volume II. Stabilimento Tipografico Dell'Aquila, Napoli, pages 96-105.
Sant'Anastasia ⓘ Cupa dell'Olivella	M. Carati - Guida alla mineralogia vesuviana - Calderini, Bologna, 1982
ⓘ Mt Vesuvius	Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI
Terzigno ⓘ Vitiello Quarry (Cava Vitiello)	Luigi Chiappino data
Torre del Greco ⓘ Camaldoli della Torre	Carati, M. (1981) Mineralogia Vesuviana: Camaldoli della Torre (NA). Notiziario del Gruppo Mineralogico Geologico Napoletano, 2, 4, 15-16; Carati, M. (1982) Guida alla mineralogia vesuviana. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 121 pages; Russo, M., and Punzo, I. (2004) I Minerali del Somma-Vesuvio. AMI Associazione Micro-mineralogica Italiana, Tipografia Fantigrafica s.r.l., Cremona, 320 pages.
ⓘ Villa Inglese quarries	Russo, M. (1981) Mineralogia Campana: Le lave del 1631. Cava di Villa Inglese. Notiziario del Gruppo Mineralogico Geologico Napoletano, 2, 2, 7-12; Carati, M. (1982) Guida alla mineralogia vesuviana. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 121 pages; Russo, M. (2003) Mineralogia vesuviana: le cave di Villa Inglese (Torre del Greco, NA). Micro (località), 1-10; Russo, M., and Punzo, I. (2004) I Minerali del Somma-Vesuvio. AMI Associazione Micro-mineralogica Italiana, Tipografia Fantigrafica s.r.l., Cremona, 320 pages.
Salerno Nocera Inferiore ⓘ Fiano tuff quarries	Del Caldo, A., Moro, C., Gramaccioli, C.M., Boscardin, M. (1973): Guida ai minerali. Fratelli Fabbri Editori, Milano, 208 pp.; Carati, M. (1988): I minerali degli inclusi metamorfosati nel Tufo Grigio Campano. Notiziario del Gruppo Mineralogico Geologico Napoletano, 18, 5-12; Russo, M. & Punzo, I. (2010 communication)
Lazio Frosinone Province ⓘ Pofi	Mattias P.P. (1969): I minerali rinvenuti nelle cavità di una tefrite leucitica nella zona di Pofi (Frosinone). Per. Mineral., 38, 1, 87-108; Boscardin M. (1974): Informazioni di mineralogia italiana. 42) Minerali di Pofi (Frosinone). Notizie Gr. Mineral. Lombardo, 5, 2 (Giugno 1974), 30.
Metropolitan City of Rome Capital Campagnano di Roma ⓘ Mt Cavalluccio	Della Ventura, Bonazzi, Obertia and Ottolini, Am. Min. vol. 87 p. 739 (2002)
ⓘ S. Angelo Mount	Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)
Monte Compatri Laghetto (Laghetto di Montecompatri) ⓘ Laghetto quarries	Stoppani, F.S., and Curti, E. (1982) I minerali del Lazio. Editoriale Olimpia, Firenze, 291 pp.; Liotti, L. (1995) I minerali del complesso vulcanico dei Colli Albani. Seconda parte. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 18, 1 (1-1995), 55-70; Carlini, R., and Signoretti, E. (2018) Il Lazio classico: le cave di leucitite della provincia di Roma (Vallerano, Laghetto e Osa). Fossils & Minerals, 4, 24-53.
Rome ⓘ Capo di Bove (Capo di Bove quarries)	Fornaseri, M., and Turi, B. (1969) Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of carbonates in lavas and ejectites from the Alban Hills, Italy. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 23, 244-256.
ⓘ Corcolle	A. Del caldo - Località mineralogiche consigliate: Le vulcaniti laziali: Notizie del Guppo Min. Lombardo - 1, March 1971, p. 9 - (This publication later changed its name in Rivista Minealogica Italiana)
Le Capannelle ⓘ Casal Rotondo quarries	Fornaseri, M., and Turi, B. (1969) Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of carbonates in lavas and ejectites from the Alban Hills, Italy. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 23, 244-256; Stoppani, F.S., and Curti, E. (1982) I minerali del Lazio. Editoriale Olimpia, Firenze, 291 pp.
Osteria dell'Osa ⓘ Osa Quarry	Fornaseri, M., and Turi, B. (1969) Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of carbonates in lavas and ejectites from the Alban Hills, Italy. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 23, 244-256; Del Caldo, A. (1971) Località mineralogiche consigliate. Le vulcaniti laziali. 1) Cava di selce dell'Osa. Notizie del Guppo Mineralogico Lombardo, 2, 1 (marzo 1971), 6-8; Del Caldo, A., Moro, C., Gramaccioli, C.M., and Boscardin, M. (1973) Guida ai minerali. Fratelli Fabbri Editori, Milano, 208 pp.; Aleksandrov, S.M. [Александров, С.М.] (1974) Geochemical peculiarities of the occurrences of endogenic borate mineralisation in Italy [Геохимические особенности проявления эндогенной боратной минерализации в Италии]. Geokhimiya, 10, 1440-1449 (in Russian); De Michele, V. (1974) Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol., 408 pp.; Stoppani, F.S., and Curti, E. (1982) I minerali del Lazio. Editoriale Olimpia, Firenze, 291 pages; Carlini, R., and Signoretti, E. (2018) Il Lazio classico: le cave di leucitite della provincia di Roma (Vallerano, Laghetto e Osa). Fossils & Minerals, 4, 24-53.
ⓘ Stracciacappe caldera	Gresta, S., Duronio, F., Mancinella D. (2002): Geositi e Sistema delle Aree Protette del Lazio: idee per la geoconservazione. Il Cercapietre. Not. del Gruppo Mineralogico Romano, 1-2: 48-55
Valleranello ⓘ Vallerano Quarries	Zambonini, F. (1902) Kurzer Beitrag zur chemischen Kenntniss einiger Zeolithe der Umgegend Roms. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaeontologie, 2, 63-96; Fornaseri, M., and Turi, B. (1969) Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of carbonates in lavas and ejectites from the Alban Hills, Italy. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 23, 244-256; De Michele, V. (1974) Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol., 408 pp.; Stoppani, F.S., and Curti, E. (1982) I minerali del Lazio. Editoriale Olimpia, Firenze, 291 pp.; Liotti, L. (1995) I minerali del complesso vulcanico dei Colli Albani. Seconda parte. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 18, 1 (1-1995), 55-70; Carlini, R., and Signoretti, E. (2018) Il Lazio classico: le cave di leucitite della provincia di Roma (Vallerano, Laghetto e Osa). Fossils & Minerals, 4, 24-53.
Viterbo Province ⓘ Bassano Romano	Carloni, L., Signoretti, E., (2002): Le sanadiniti di Bassano Romano. Distretto Vulcanico Sabatino. Il Cercapietre. Not. del Gruppo Mineralogico Romano, 1-2: 28-36
ⓘ Capranica	American Mineralogist, Volume 86, pages 1066–1075, 2001
ⓘ Campo Padella	Della Ventura, G., Williams, C.T., Cabella, R., Oberti, R., Caprilli, E., Bellatreccia, F. (1999) Britholite-hellandite intergrowths and associated REE-minerals from the alkali-syenitic ejecta of the Vico volcanic complex (Latium, Italy): petrological implications bearing on REE mobility in volcanic systems. European Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 843-854; Oberti, R., Ottolini, L., Cámara, F., Della Ventura, G. (1999) Crystal structure of non-metamict Th-rich hellandite-(Ce) from Latium (Italy) and crystal chemistry of the hellandite-group minerals. American Mineralogist, 84, 913–921.
ⓘ Cassia Road km 61.5	"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)"
Gradoli ⓘ Poggio Pinzo	- Signoretti, E. & Bosco, P. (2001): Le cave di Gradoli e Onano. Il Cercapietre, 1/2-2001, 10-25
Montalto di Castro Pietra Massa Locality ⓘ Campomorto Quarry	"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)"
Onano ⓘ Montenero Quarry	Cresta, S., Duronio, F., Mancinella, D. (2002): Geositi e sistema delle arre protette del Lazio: idee per la geoconservazione. Il Cercapietre, 1-2/2002, 48-55
Soriano nel Cimino ⓘ Le Piagge	Federico, M. (1968) Una tridimite monoclina di bassa temperatura nelle rocce trachitiche del Vulcano Cimino. Periodico di Mineralogia, 37, 215-238; Stoppani, F.S., and Curti, E. (1982) I minerali del Lazio. Editoriale Olimpia, Firenze, 291 pp.
Valentano ⓘ Mt Saliette	Burli, M., Caponera, I., Signoretti, E. (2007): Le "sanidiniti" di Monte Saliette (Valentano, VT). Il Cercapietre. Not. del Gruppo Mineralogico Romano, 1-2: 13-18
ⓘ Vetralla	AMI UK service
ⓘ La Botte (Botte)	"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)"
ⓘ Pian di San Martino	"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)"
ⓘ Tre Croci	American Mineralogist, Volume 91, pages 1170–-1177, 2006
ⓘ Villa San Giovanni in Tuscia	Carlini, R., Signoretti, E., 2003. Località minori del vulcano Vicano: Villa S.Giovanni in Tuscia e Mazzocchio. Il Cercapietre. Not. del Gruppo Mineralogico Romano, 1-2: 33-41
Viterbo ⓘ Le Carcarelle	Flavio G. Taricco collection
ⓘ San Martino al Cimino	Scherillo A. (1940): I proietti con minerali boriferi dei Vulcani Cimini. Per. Mineral., 11, 367-391; Stoppani F.S, Curti E. (1982): I minerali del Lazio. Editoriale Olimpia, Firenze, 291 pp.
Sardinia Sassari Province ⓘ Nulvi	"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)"
ⓘ Ploaghe	"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)"
ⓘ Villanova Monteleone - Monteleone Rocca Doria area	Paolo Capitanio Collection
Sicily Messina Province Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands) Lipari Lipari Island Canneto Punta Castagna ⓘ Pumex Quarry (Porticello Quarry)	F. Brignoli self collected
Vulcano Island ⓘ La Fossa crater	PANICHI U. (1924): Contributo allo studio dei minerali dell'Isola di Vulcano. - Memorie della Società Italiana delle Scienze (detta dei XL) - serie 3 - 19, 3-55.
Japan
Iwate Prefecture Kamaishi City ⓘ Kamaishi mine	Watanabe & Ito (1954) Mineralogical Journal, 1, 84-88.
Miyazaki Prefecture Nishiusuki District Hinokage ⓘ Sengendera mine	Minakawa and Adachi (1990) Chigaku Kenkyu, 39, 91-95
Pakistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Mansehra District Kaghan Valley Naran ⓘ Sapat Gali (Soppat; Suppat; Sumpat; Sumput)	Moore, T. (2004): What's New in Minerals. Costa Mesa Show 2003. Mineralogical Record. 35 (2), 143-145
Russia
Primorsky Krai Dalnegorsk Urban District ⓘ Dalnegorsk	[MinRec 32:8]
ⓘ Sakha Republic (Yakutia)	[World of Stones 12:49]
ⓘ Chersky Range	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 323.
Polar Yakutia Dogdo River Basin Tas-Khayakhtakh Range ⓘ Titovskoe B deposit	Aleksandrov, S.M. (1998): Geochemistry of skarn and ore formation in dolomites. VSP (Utrecht, Tokyo), 300 pp.
Spain
Extremadura Badajoz Burguillos del Cerro ⓘ Monchi Mine	Sanabria, R. and Calvo, M. (2002). Los yacimientos de magnetita de Burguillos del Cerro. Revista de Minerales, 2 (3), 4-25
USA
Alaska Nome Census Area Seward Peninsula ⓘ Brooks Mountain	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 323.; USGS Bull 358; Faust G T, Schaller W T (1971) Schoenfliesite, MgSn(OH)6. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 134, 116-141
York Range ⓘ Ear Mountain	Aleksandrov, S. M. (2010). Skarn-greisen deposits of the lost river and mount ear ore field, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, United States. Geochemistry International, 48(12), 1220-1236.
California Monterey Co. Gabilan Range ⓘ Unnamed Borate occurrence [1]	Chesterman, C.W. (1966a), Vonsenite of Monterey County, California: American Mineralogist: 51: 261-262; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 383; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 236.
Riverside Co. Crestmore ⓘ Crestmore quarries	[micromounts@yahoogroups.com]
Riverside ⓘ New City Quarry (Victoria Avenue quarry)	Stanislav Mikhaĭlovich Aleksandrov (1998) "Geochemistry of skarn and ore formation in dolomites" p. 147
ⓘ Old City Quarry (City Quarry; North Hill Quarry; Quarry Hill; Fairmount) (TL)	Eakle, A.S. (1920), Vonsenite; a preliminary note on a new mineral from Riverside, California, American Mineralogist: 5: 141-143; Vlisidid, A.C. and Schaller, W.T. (1974) The identity of paigeite with vonsenite, and chemical analysis of vonsenite, ludwigite and hulsite. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1974(3-4): 95-105; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 236.
Michigan Keweenaw Co. ⓘ Eagle Harbor	Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
New York ⓘ St. Lawrence Co.	American Mineralogist (1960): 45: 439.
Magnetite Mining District Clifton ⓘ Clifton Mines	George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483.
ⓘ Jayville mine	NY State Museum spec. no. 13889; George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483.; B.F. Leonard and A.F. Buddington (1964) Ore deposits of the St. Lawrence County magnetite district, northwest Adirondacks, New York. USGS Professional Paper 377