Paragenetic Mode 51 : Pyrometamorphic minerals (see also #54 and #56)

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Description

Pyrometamorphic minerals of the Hatrurim Formation in the Middle East (Israel and Jordan) include a fascinating suite of species that formed when natural ignition of near-surface hydrocarbon deposits (presumably both natural gas and petroleum) subjected sediments to temperatures in excess of 1000 °C

Age: <0.36 Ga

Stage

Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere - Age: <0.6 Ga
48 : Soil leaching zone minerals
49 : Oxic cellular biomineralization (see also #44)
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals
51 : Pyrometamorphic minerals (see also #54 and #56)
52 : Guano- and urine-derived minerals
53 : Other minerals with taphonomic origins

Minerals

Click on a button to filter by elements. Green = must include. Black = must exclude. Mineral names listed in bold are exclusively known from this paragenetic mode.

Mineral	Formula	Crystal System
Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆	Monoclinic
Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Fe³⁺_eAl_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆	Monoclinic
Afwillite	Ca₃(HSiO₄)₂·2H₂O	Monoclinic
Åkermanite	Ca₂Mg[Si₂O₇]	Tetragonal
Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	Triclinic
Alforsite	Ba₅(PO₄)₃Cl	Hexagonal
Andradite	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	Isometric
Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)	Triclinic
Aradite	BaCa₆[(SiO₄)(VO₄)](VO₄)₂F	Trigonal
Aravaite	Ba₂Ca₁₈(SiO₄)₆(PO₄)₃(CO₃)F₃O	Trigonal
Ariegilatite	BaCa₁₂(SiO₄)₄(PO₄)₂F₂O	Trigonal
Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆	Monoclinic
Barioferrite	BaFe³⁺₁₂O₁₉	Hexagonal
Barringerite	(Fe,Ni)₂P	Hexagonal
Bayerite	Al(OH)₃	Monoclinic
Bennesherite	Ba₂Fe²⁺[Si₂O₇]	Tetragonal
Bentorite	Ca₆Cr₂(SO₄)₃(OH)₁₂·26H₂O	Trigonal
Berzelianite	Cu_2-xSe (x ≈ 0.12)	Isometric
Bicchulite	Ca₂(Al₂SiO₆)(OH)₂	Isometric
Bredigite	Ca₇Mg(SiO₄)₄	Orthorhombic
Brownmillerite	Ca₂(Al,Fe³⁺)₂O₅	Orthorhombic
Bultfonteinite	Ca₂(HSiO₄)F·H₂O	Triclinic
Calciolangbeinite	K₂Ca₂(SO₄)₃	Isometric
Chalcocite	Cu₂S	Monoclinic
Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	Tetragonal
Chegemite	Ca₇(SiO₄)₃(OH)₂	Orthorhombic
Chlorellestadite	Ca₅(SiO₄)_1.5(SO₄)_1.5Cl	Hexagonal
Chlorkyuygenite	Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₂[(H₂O)₄Cl₂]	Isometric
Chlormayenite	Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₂[◻₄Cl₂]	Isometric
Chromatite	CaCr⁶⁺O₄	Tetragonal
Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄	Isometric
Clinohedrite	CaZn(SiO₄)·H₂O	Monoclinic
Clintonite	CaAlMg₂(SiAl₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Monoclinic
Copper	Cu	Isometric
Corundum	Al₂O₃	Trigonal
Cristobalite	SiO₂	Tetragonal
Cuprorivaite	CaCuSi₄O₁₀	Tetragonal
Dargaite	BaCa₁₂(SiO₄)₄(SO₄)₂O₃	Trigonal
Diaoyudaoite	NaAl₁₁O₁₇	Hexagonal
Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl	Isometric
Dorrite	Ca₄(Mg₃Fe³⁺₉)O₄(Si₃Al₈Fe³⁺O₃₆)	Triclinic
Dzierżanowskite	CaCu₂S₂	Trigonal
Edgrewite	Ca₉(SiO₄)₄F₂	Monoclinic
Elbrusite	Ca₃(U⁶⁺_0.5Zr_1.5)[Fe³⁺O₄]₃	Isometric
Eltyubyuite	Ca₁₂Fe³⁺₁₀Si₄O₃₂Cl₆	Isometric
Esseneite	CaFe³⁺[AlSiO₆]	Monoclinic
Ettringite	Ca₆Al₂(SO₄)₃(OH)₁₂·26H₂O	Trigonal
Flamite	Ca_8-x(Na,K)_x(SiO₄)_4-x(PO₄)_x	Orthorhombic
Fluorkyuygenite	Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₂[(H₂O)₄F₂]	Isometric
Fluormayenite	Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₂F₂	Isometric
Foshagite	Ca₄(Si₃O₉)(OH)₂	Triclinic
Gazeevite	BaCa₆(SiO₄)₂(SO₄)₂O	Trigonal
Gehlenite	Ca₂Al[AlSiO₇]	Tetragonal
Gorerite	CaAlFe³⁺₁₁O₁₉	Hexagonal
Grossite	CaAl₄O₇	Monoclinic
Gurimite	Ba₃(VO₄)₂	Trigonal
Halamishite	Ni₅P₄	Hexagonal
Harmunite	CaFe₂O₄	Orthorhombic
Hashemite	BaCr⁶⁺O₄	Orthorhombic
Hatrurite	Ca₃(SiO₄)O	Trigonal
Hexacelsian	BaAl₂Si₂O₈	Hexagonal
Jennite	Ca₉(Si₃O₉)₂(OH)₈·8H₂O	Triclinic
Kahlenbergite	KAl₁₁O₁₇	Hexagonal
Kalistrontite	K₂Sr(SO₄)₂	Trigonal
Kalsilite	KAlSiO₄	Hexagonal
Katoite	Ca₃Al₂[◻(OH)₄]₃	Isometric
Khesinite	Ca₄(Mg₃Fe³⁺₉)O₄(Fe³⁺₉Si₃)O₃₆	Triclinic
Khurayyimite	Ca₇Zn₄(Si₂O₇)₂(OH)₁₀·4H₂O	Monoclinic
Kilchoanite	Ca₆(SiO₄)(Si₃O₁₀)	Orthorhombic
Kumtyubeite	Ca₅(SiO₄)₂F₂	Monoclinic
Lakargiite	Ca(Zr,Sn,Ti)O₃	Orthorhombic
Larnite	Ca₂SiO₄	Monoclinic
Levantite	KCa₃Al₂(SiO₄)(Si₂O₇)(PO₄)	Monoclinic
Lime	CaO	Isometric
Linnaeite	Co²⁺Co³⁺₂S₄	Isometric
Magnesiochromite	MgCr₂O₄	Isometric
Magnesioferrite	MgFe³⁺₂O₄	Isometric
Mellite	Al₂[C₆(COO)₆]·16H₂O	Tetragonal
Merwinite	Ca₃Mg(SiO₄)₂	Monoclinic
Molybdenite	MoS₂	Hexagonal
Monticellite	CaMgSiO₄	Orthorhombic
Mullite	Al_4+2xSi_2-2xO_10-x	Orthorhombic
Murashkoite	FeP	Orthorhombic
Nabimusaite	KCa₁₂(SiO₄)₄(SO₄)₂O₂F	Trigonal
Nagelschmidtite	Ca₇(SiO₄)₂(PO₄)₂	Hexagonal
Nataliakulikite	Ca₄Ti₂(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)(Si,Fe³⁺,Al)O₁₁	Orthorhombic
Nazarovite	Ni₁₂P₅	Tetragonal
Negevite	NiP₂	Isometric
Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)	Hexagonal
Nickolayite	FeMoP	Orthorhombic
Okenite	Ca₁₀Si₁₈O₄₆·18H₂O	Triclinic
Oldhamite	(Ca,Mg)S	Isometric
Orishchinite	Ni₂P	Orthorhombic
Oyelite	Ca₁₀Si₈B₂O₂₉·12.5H₂O	Triclinic
Periclase	MgO	Isometric
Pliniusite	Ca₅(VO₄)₃F	Hexagonal
Plombièrite	[Ca₄Si₆O₁₆(OH)₂·2H₂O]·(Ca·5H₂O)	Orthorhombic
Polekhovskyite	MoNiP₂	Hexagonal
Portlandite	Ca(OH)₂	Trigonal
Priscillagrewite-(Y)	(Ca₂Y)Zr₂(AlO₄)₃	Isometric
Pseudobrookite	Fe₂TiO₅	Orthorhombic
Pseudowollastonite	CaSiO₃	Monoclinic
Qatranaite	CaZn₂(OH)₆(H₂O)₂	Monoclinic
Rankinite	Ca₃Si₂O₇	Monoclinic
Reinhardbraunsite	Ca₅(SiO₄)₂(OH,F)₂	Monoclinic
Riversideite	Ca₅(HSi₃O₉)₂·2H₂O	Orthorhombic
Schorlomite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂	Isometric
Sharyginite	Ca₃TiFe₂O₈	Orthorhombic
Shulamitite	Ca₃TiFe³⁺AlO₈	Orthorhombic
Silicocarnotite	Ca₅[(SiO₄)(PO₄)](PO₄)	Orthorhombic
Spurrite	Ca₅(SiO₄)₂(CO₃)	Monoclinic
Srebrodolskite	Ca₂Fe³⁺₂O₅	Orthorhombic
Stracherite	BaCa₆(SiO₄)₂[(PO₄)(CO₃)]₂F	Trigonal
Ternesite	Ca₅(SiO₄)₂(SO₄)	Orthorhombic
Transjordanite	Ni₂P	Hexagonal
Tululite	Ca₁₄(Fe³⁺,Al)(Al,Zn,Fe³⁺,Si,P,Mn,Mg)₁₅O₃₆	Isometric
Vanadium	V	Isometric
Vapnikite	Ca₂CaUO₆	Monoclinic
Vaterite	CaCO₃	Hexagonal
Vorlanite	Ca(U⁶⁺)O₄	Isometric
Walstromite	BaCa₂(Si₃O₉)	Triclinic
Ye'elimite	Ca₄Al₆(SO₄)O₁₂	Isometric
Zadovite	BaCa₆[(SiO₄)(PO₄)](PO₄)₂F	Trigonal
Zincochromite	ZnCr₂O₄	Isometric
Zoharite	(Ba,K)₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₇	Isometric
Zuktamrurite	FeP₂	Orthorhombic

	Element	Count	Percent
H	Hydrogen	23	18.25%
B	Boron	1	0.79%
C	Carbon	5	3.97%
O	Oxygen	105	83.33%
F	Fluorine	13	10.32%
Na	Sodium	6	4.76%
Mg	Magnesium	14	11.11%
Al	Aluminium	32	25.40%
Si	Silicon	62	49.21%
P	Phosphorus	20	15.87%
S	Sulfur	18	14.29%
Cl	Chlorine	6	4.76%
K	Potassium	10	7.94%
Ca	Calcium	83	65.87%
Ti	Titanium	6	4.76%
V	Vanadium	4	3.17%
Cr	Chromium	6	4.76%
Mn	Manganese	1	0.79%
Fe	Iron	30	23.81%
Co	Cobalt	1	0.79%
Ni	Nickel	9	7.14%
Cu	Copper	8	6.35%
Zn	Zinc	5	3.97%
Se	Selenium	1	0.79%
Sr	Strontium	1	0.79%
Y	Yttrium	1	0.79%
Zr	Zirconium	3	2.38%
Mo	Molybdenum	3	2.38%
Sn	Tin	1	0.79%
Ba	Barium	15	11.90%
U	Uranium	3	2.38%

References

Hazen, Robert M., Morrison, Shaunna M. (2022) On the paragenetic modes of minerals: A mineral evolution perspective. American Mineralogist, 107 (7) 1262-1287 doi:10.2138/am-2022-8099

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