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BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Protostega gigas

Description

Protostega ('first roof') is an extinct genus of sea turtle containing a single species, Protostega gigas. Its fossil remains have been found in the Smoky Hill Chalk formation of western Kansas (Hesperornis zone, dated to 83.5 million years ago) and time-equivalent beds of the Mooreville Chalk Formation of Alabama. Fossil specimens of this species were first collected in 1871, and named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1872. With a length of 3 metres (9.8 ft), it is the second-largest sea turtle that ever lived, second only to the giant Archelon, and the third-largest turtle of all time behind Archelon and Stupendemys.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4964997https://www.gbif.org/species/4964997
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)96952https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=96952
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Protostegidae : Protostega : Protostega gigas
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Protostegidae : Protostega : Protostega gigas
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
-Testudinata
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
-PancryptodiraJoyce et al. 2004
superfamilyChelonioideaBaur 1893
familyProtostegidaeCope 1873
genusProtostegaCope 1871
speciesProtostega gigasCope 1871
Generic NameProtostega
Scientific NameProtostega gigas Cope, 1871
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Protostega gigasspeciesbelongs to Protostegastated with evidenceCope, 1871
Protostega gigasspeciesbelongs to Protostegastated without evidenceHay, 1902
Protostega gigasspeciesbelongs to Protostegastated with evidenceHay, 1908
Protostega gigasspeciesbelongs to Protostegastated without evidenceSwinton, 1934
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
First Recorded Appearance89.3 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Last Recorded Appearance85.8 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Environmentmarine (based on Chelonioidea)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)E. D. Cope. 1871. [A brief account of the expedition of seventeen days, which I have just made in the valley of the Smoky Hill river in Kansas]. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12(86):174-176
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protostega_gigas

Fossil Distribution

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1871Protostega gigas Cope p. 175
1872Protostega gigas Cope
1873Protostega gigas Leidy p. 269
1902Protostega gigas Hay p. 440
1908Protostega potens Hay
1908Protostega gigas Hay p. 190
1909Protostega gigas Wieland p. 103
YearName and Author
1909Protostega potens Wieland p. 103
1934Protostega gigas Swinton p. 75
1953Protostega gigas Zangerl p. 72
1953Protostega potens Zangerl p. 76
1953Protostega dixie Zangerl pp. 94-118 figs. Plate 7, Fig. 30-55
1981Protostega dixie Thurmond and Jones p. 124
2004Protostega gigas Shimada and Hooks III p. 205

References

Cope E. D. [A brief account of the expedition of seventeen days, which I have just made in the valley of the Smoky Hill river in Kansas], Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12 86, 174-176
Cope E. D. A description of the genus Protostega, a form of extinct Testudinata, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12 86, 422-433
Leidy J. Part I. Contributions to the extinct vertebrate fauna of the western territories, Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 1, 1-358
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
Hay O. P. (1908) The fossil turtles of North America, Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 75, 1-568
Wieland G. R. (1909) Revision of the Protostegidae, The American Journal of Science, series 4 27 158, 101-130
Swinton W. E. (1934) , A Guide to the Fossil Birds, Reptiles, and Amphibians in the Department of Geology and Paleontology in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W. 7, xii-87
Zangerl R. (1953) The vertebrate fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabama. Part III. The turtles of the family Protostegidae, Fieldiana: Geology Memoirs 3 3, 63-133
Thurmond J. T., Jones D. E. (1981) , Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama, 1-244
Shimada K., Hooks III G. E. (2004) Shark-bitten protostegid turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Mooreville Chalk, Alabama, Journal of Paleontology 78 1, 205-210 doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078<0205:SPTFTU>2.0.CO;2
E. D. Cope (1871) [A brief account of the expedition of seventeen days, which I have just made in the valley of the Smoky Hill river in Kansas]: Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 86: 174--176 - via Catalogue of Life
G. R. Wieland (1909) Revision of the Protostegidae: The American Journal of Science, series 4 158: 101--130 - via Catalogue of Life
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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