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Santanachelys

Description

Santanachelys gaffneyi is an extinct species of sea turtle. It is the only species in the genus Santanachelys, which itself is a member of the extinct family Protostegidae. The species was first described from a 20-centimeter long fossil specimen unearthed in 1998 from the Santana Formation of eastern Brazil. From the rock layer from which it was excavated, it was determined that the specimen was from the Early Cretaceous period (112 million years old). It is therefore one of the oldest known sea turtles. It was even recorded as the oldest sea turtle in Encyclopædia Britannica, but a new fossil named Desmatochelys padillai in 2015 is estimated to be as old as 120 million years.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4818911https://www.gbif.org/species/4818911
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)67330https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67330
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Protostegidae : Santanachelys
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
-Testudinata
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
-PancryptodiraJoyce et al. 2004
superfamilyChelonioideaBaur 1893
familyProtostegidaeCope 1873
genusSantanachelysHirayama 1998
Scientific NameSantanachelys Hirayama, 1998
Name Published InNature (Lond) 392 (6677), 16 April
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Santanachelysgenusbelongs to Protostegidaestated with evidenceHirayama, 1998
Santanachelysgenusbelongs to Dermochelyidaestated without evidenceJoyce et al., 2004
Santanachelysgenusbelongs to Eucryptodirastated with evidenceJoyce, 2007
Santanachelysgenusbelongs to Protostegidaestated with evidenceOliveira and Romano, 2007
Santanachelysgenusbelongs to Eucryptodirastated without evidenceMateus et al., 2009
Santanachelysgenusbelongs to Testudinesstated with evidenceAnquetin et al., 2009
Santanachelysgenusbelongs to Dermochelyoidaestated with evidenceBardet et al., 2013
Santanachelysgenusbelongs to Testudinesstated with evidencePérez-García and Murelaga, 2013
Santanachelysgenusbelongs to Eucryptodirastated without evidencePuntener et al., 2014
Santanachelysgenusbelongs to Protostegidaestated with evidencede Lapparent de Broin et al., 2014
Santanachelysgenusbelongs to Testudinesstated without evidencePerea et al., 2014
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)2
First Recorded Appearance112 - 109 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Last Recorded Appearance112 - 109 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Environmentmarine (based on Chelonioidea)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. Hirayama. 1998. Oldest known sea turtle. Nature 392:705-708
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santanachelys

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Santanachelys gaffneyi
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1112 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
112 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1998Santanachelys Hirayama
2004Santanachelys Joyce et al.
2007Santanachelys Joyce
2007Santanachelys Oliveira and Romano
2009Santanachelys Anquetin et al.
2009Santanachelys Mateus et al.
YearName and Author
2013Santanachelys Bardet et al.
2013Santanachelys Pérez-García and Murelaga
2014Santanachelys Perea et al.
2014Santanachelys Puntener et al.
2014Santanachelys de Lapparent de Broin et al.

References

Hirayama R. (1998) Oldest known sea turtle, Nature 392, 705-708
Joyce W. G., Parham J. F., et al (2004) Developing a protocol for the conversion of rank-based taxon names to phylogenetically defined clade names, as exemplified by turtles, Journal of Paleontology 78 5, 989-1013
Oliveira D. R., Romano P. S. (2007) Historico dos achados de tartarugas fosseis do Brasil, Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 65 1, 113-133
Anquetin J., Barrett P. M., et al (2009) A new stem turtle from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland: new insights into the evolution and palaeoecology of basal turtles, Proceedings of the Royal Society B 276, 879-886 doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1429
Mateus O., Jacobs L., et al (2009) The oldest African eucryptodiran turtle from the Cretaceous of Angola, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54 4, 581-588 doi:10.4202/app.2008.0063
Bardet N., Jalil N.-E., et al (2013) A Giant Chelonioid Turtle from the Late Cretaceous of Morocco with a Suction Feeding Apparatus Unique among Tetrapods, PLoS One 8 7, e63586 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063586
Pérez-García A., Murelaga X. (2013) Camerochelys vilanovai gen. et sp. nov., a new pan-cryptodiran turtle in the Early Cretaceous of the Iberian Range (Spain), Cretaceous Research 41, 143-149 doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.12.002
Perea D., Soto M., et al (2014) Tacuarembemys kusterae, gen. et sp. nov., a new Late Jurassic-?earliest Cretaceous continental turtle from western Gondwana, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 6, 1329-1341
Puntener C., Billon-Bruyat J.-P., et al (2014) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the turtle Tropidemys langii Rutimeyer, 1873, based on new specimens from the Kimmeridgian of the Swiss Jura Mountains, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 2, 353-374
de Lapparent de Broin F., Bardet N., et al (2014) A strange new chelonioid turtle from the latest Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco, Comptes Rendus Palevol 13 2, 87-95
GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nature (Lond) 392 (6677), 16 April - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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