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Baenidae ✝

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Description

Baenidae is an extinct family of cryptodiran turtles that first appeared during the Jurassic, and died out during the Eocene.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baenidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4818859	https://www.gbif.org/species/4818859
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	37627	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37627

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Baenidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
-	Testudinata
order	Testudines	Batsch 1788
-	Paracryptodira	Gaffney 1975
family	Baenidae	Cope 1882

Scientific Name

Baenidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Baenidae	family	subjective synonym of Pleurosternidae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Baenidae	family	belongs to Amphichelydia	stated with evidence	Hay, 1908
Baenidae	family	belongs to Pleurodira	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1946
Baenidae	family	belongs to Amphichelydia	stated without evidence	Delair, 1958
Baenidae	family	belongs to Baenoidea	stated with evidence	Estes, 1964
Baenidae	family	belongs to Testudinata	stated without evidence	Estes and Berberian, 1970
Baenidae	family	belongs to Baenoidea	stated with evidence	Gaffney, 1972
Baenidae	family	belongs to Baenoidea	stated without evidence	Gaffney, 1975
Baenidae	family	belongs to Baenoidea	implied	Carroll, 1988
Baenidae	family	belongs to Eucryptodira	stated without evidence	Peng et al., 2001
Baenidae	family	belongs to Cryptodira	stated without evidence	Holroyd and Hutchison, 2002
Baenidae	family	belongs to Cryptodiramorpha	stated with evidence	Hutchison and Holroyd, 2003
Baenidae	family	belongs to Cryptodira	stated without evidence	Joyce et al., 2004
Baenidae	family	belongs to Cryptrodiramorpha	stated with evidence	Hutchison, 2004
Baenidae	family	belongs to Paracryptodira	stated with evidence	Joyce, 2007
Baenidae	family	belongs to Baenoidea	stated with evidence	Lyson and Joyce, 2011
Baenidae	family	belongs to Paracryptodira	stated with evidence	Pérez-García and Ortega, 2011
Baenidae	family	belongs to Paracryptodira	stated without evidence	Sullivan et al., 2012
Baenidae	family	belongs to Testudines	stated with evidence	Pérez-García and Murelaga, 2013
Baenidae	family	belongs to Baenoidea	stated with evidence	Lively, 2015
Baenidae	unranked clade	belongs to Paracryptodira	stated with evidence	Joyce and Lyson, 2015
Baenidae	family	belongs to Baenoidea	stated without evidence	Lively, 2016
Baenidae	family	belongs to Baenoidea	stated with evidence	Joyce and Anquetin, 2019
Baenidae	family	belongs to Paracryptodira	stated with evidence	Lyson et al., 2019

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

122 - 112 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Last Recorded Appearance

46.2 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Amniota)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baenidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Baeninae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Hayemydinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Trinitychelyinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Arundelemys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	122 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	122 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Arvinachelys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Australobaena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Baena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		54	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	46.2 Ma Eocene
Boremys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		25	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cedrobaena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	61.7 Ma Paleocene
Chisternon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		17	55.8 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Denazinemys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		64	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Eubaena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gamerabaena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Goleremys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	61.7 Ma Paleocene	61.7 Ma Paleocene
Hayemys ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Neurankylus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		63	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	63.3 Ma Paleocene
Palatobaena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		17	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	55.8 Ma Eocene
Peckemys ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Plesiobaena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		28	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Polythorax genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Probaena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Protobaena ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Scabremys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Stygiochelys ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Stygiochelys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Thescelus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trinitichelys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	112 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Uluops ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	152 Ma Late Jurassic	152 Ma Late Jurassic
Baenodda ✝ unranked clade	listed (PBDB)		234	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	46.2 Ma Eocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1882	Baenidae Cope
1908	Baenidae Hay p. 56
1915	Baena platyplastra Gilmore p. 120 figs. 2; 8
1928	Baeninae Nopcsa p. 165
1935	Thescelus hemispherica Gilmore p. 174 figs. 11-12, Pl. 16
1946	Baenidae Kuhn p. 58
1958	Baenidae Delair p. 51
1964	Baenidae Estes p. 96
1966	Baenidae Kuhn p. 24
1970	Baenidae Estes and Berberian p. 5
1972	Baenidae Gaffney pp. 248, 251-252
1972	Baeninae Gaffney pp. 248, 274-276
1975	Baenidae Gaffney p. 427
1988	Baenidae Carroll
2001	Baenidae Peng et al. p. 23
2002	Baenidae Holroyd and Hutchison p. 181
2002	Baeninae Holroyd and Hutchison p. 181
2003	Baenidae Brinkman
2003	Baenidae Hutchison and Holroyd
2004	Baenidae Hutchison

Year	Name and Author
2004	Baeninae Hutchison
2004	Baenidae Joyce et al.
2007	Baenidae Joyce
2010	Baenidae Lyson and Joyce
2011	Baenidae Lyson and Joyce p. 792
2011	Baenidae Pérez-García and Ortega
2012	Baenidae Anquetin p. 28 fig. 10
2012	Baenidae Pérez-García
2012	Baenidae Sullivan et al.
2012	Thescelus hemispherica Sullivan et al.
2013	Baenidae Brinkman
2013	Baenidae Hutchison et al.
2013	Baenidae Pérez-García and Murelaga
2015	Baenidae Joyce and Lyson
2015	Baenidae Lively
2015	Baenidae Pérez-García et al.
2016	Baenidae Lively
2019	Baenidae Joyce and Anquetin
2019	Baenidae Lyson et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Hay O. P. (1908) The fossil turtles of North America, Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 75, 1-568

Gilmore C. W. (1915) The fossil turtles of the Uinta Formation, Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 7 2, 101-161

Nopcsa B. F. (1928) Palaeontological notes on reptiles. V. On the skull of the Upper Cretaceous dinosaur Euoplocephalus, Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica 1 1, 1-54

Gilmore C. W. (1935) On the Reptilia of the Kirtland Formation of New Mexico, with descriptions of new species of fossil turtles, Proceedings of the United States National Museum 83 2978, 159-188

Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67

Delair J. B. (1958) The Mesozoic reptiles of Dorset. Part one, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society 79, 47-72

Estes R. (1964) Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, eastern Wyoming, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 49, 1-187

Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154

Estes R., Berberian P. (1970) Paleoecology of a Late Cretaceous vertebrate community from Montana, Breviora 343, 1-35

Gaffney E. S. (1972) The systematics of the North American family Baenidae (Reptilia, Cryptodira), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 147 5, 245-312

Gaffney E. S. (1975) A phylogeny and classification of the higher categories of turtles, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 155 5, 387-436

Peng J., Russell A. P., et al (2001) Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25, 1-54

Holroyd P. A., Hutchison J. H. (2002) Patterns of geographic variation in latest Cretaceous vertebrates: evidence from the turtle component, Geological Society of America Special Paper 361, 177-190

Brinkman D. B. (2003) Anatomy and systematics of Plesiobaena antiqua (Testudines: Baenidae) from the mid-Campanian Judith River Group of Alberta, Canada, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23 1, 146-155

Hutchison J. H., Holroyd P. A. (2003) Late Cretaceous and early Paleocene turtles of the Denver Basin, Colorado, Rocky Mountain Geology 38 1, 121-142

Hutchison J. H. (2004) A new eubaenine, Goleremys mckennai, gen. et. sp. n., (Baenidae: Testudines) from the Paleocene of California, Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 36, 91-96

Joyce W. G., Parham J. F., et al (2004) Developing a protocol for the conversion of rank-based taxon names to phylogenetically defined clade names, as exemplified by turtles, Journal of Paleontology 78 5, 989-1013

Lyson T. R., Joyce W. G. (2010) A new baenid turtle from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Hell Creek Formation of North Dakota and a preliminary taxonomic review of Cretaceous Baenidae, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 2, 394-402

Lyson T. R., Joyce W. G. (2011) Cranial anatomy and phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic turtle Compsemys victa Leidy, 1856, Journal of Paleontology 85 4, 789-801 doi:10.1666/10-081.1

Pérez-García A., Ortega F. (2011) Selenemys lusitanica, gen. et. sp. nov., a new pleurosternid turtle (Terstudines: Paracryptodira) from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 1, 60-69

Anquetin J. (2012) Reassessment of the phylogenetic interrelationships of basal turtles (Testudinata), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10 1, 3-45 doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.558928

Pérez-García A. (2012) Berruchelus russelli, gen. et sp. nov., a paracryptodiran turtle from the Cenozoic of Europe, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 3, 545-556

Sullivan R. M., Jasinski S. E., et al (2012) Re-assessment of Late Campanian (Kirtlandian) turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland and Kirtland formations, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA, Morphology and Evolution of Turtles, 337-387 doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_20

Brinkman D. B. (2013) Non-trionychid turtles from the Paleocene of Alberta, Canada, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50, 282-293

Hutchison J. H., Knell M. J., et al (2013) Turtles from the Kaiparowits Formation, Utah, At the Top of the Grand Staircase: The Late Cretaceous of Southern Utah, 295-318

Pérez-García A., Murelaga X. (2013) Camerochelys vilanovai gen. et sp. nov., a new pan-cryptodiran turtle in the Early Cretaceous of the Iberian Range (Spain), Cretaceous Research 41, 143-149 doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.12.002

Joyce W. G., Lyson T. R. (2015) A Review of the Fossil Record of Turtles of the Clade Baenidae, Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 56 2, 147-183 doi:10.3374/014.056.0203

Lively J. R. (2015) A new species of baenid turtle from the Kaiparowits Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Campanian) of southern Utah, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 6, e1009084:1-16 doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1009084

Pérez-García A., Espílez E., et al (2015) A new European Albian turtle that extends the known stratigraphic range of the Pleurosternidae (Paracryptodira), Cretaceous Research 55, 74-83 doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.02.007

Lively J. R. (2016) Baenid turtles of the Kaiparowits Formation (Upper Cretaceous: Campanian) of southern Utah, USA, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 14 11, 891-918 doi:10.1080/14772019.2015.1120788

Joyce W. G., Anquetin J. (2019) A review of the fossil record of non-baenid turtles of the clade Paracryptodira, Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 60 2, 129-155

Lyson T. R., Sayler J. L., et al (2019) A new Baenid turtle, Saxochelys Gilberti, gen. et sp. nov., from the uppermost Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Hell Creek Formation: Sexual Dimorphism and Spatial Niche Partitioning within the most speciose group of Late Cretaceous turtles, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e1662428, 1-18 doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1662428

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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