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Pleurosternon

Description

Pleurosternon is an extinct genus of cryptodire turtle from the late Jurassic period to the early Cretaceous period. Its type species, P. bullocki was described by the paleontologist Richard Owen (noted for coining the word Dinosauria) in 1853. Since then, and throughout the late 19th century, many fossil turtles were incorrectly assigned to this genus.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4818854https://www.gbif.org/species/4818854
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)37765https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37765
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Pleurosternidae : Pleurosternon
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
-Testudinata
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
-ParacryptodiraGaffney 1975
superfamilyBaenoidea
familyPleurosternidaeCope 1868
genusPleurosternonOwen 1853
Scientific NamePleurosternon Owen, 1853
Name Published In(Pal. Soc. Monogr.) Rept. Wealden Purbeck, No. 1
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Pleurosternongenusbelongs to Paludinosastated without evidenceOwen, 1853
Pleurosternongenusbelongs to Pleurodirastated without evidenceLydekker and Boulenger, 1887
Pleurosternongenusbelongs to Pleurosternidaestated without evidenceLydekker, 1889
Pleurosternongenusbelongs to PleurosternidaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Pleurosternongenusbelongs to Pleurosternidaestated with evidenceBrinkman et al., 2000
Pleurosternongenusbelongs to Pleurosternidaestated without evidenceMilner, 2004
Pleurosternongenusbelongs to Pleurosternidaestated with evidenceJoyce, 2007
Pleurosternongenusbelongs to Paracryptodirastated with evidencePérez-García et al., 2008
Pleurosternongenusbelongs to Pleurosternidaestated with evidenceLyson and Joyce, 2011
Pleurosternongenusbelongs to Pleurosternidaestated without evidenceMilner, 2011
Pleurosternongenusbelongs to Paracryptodirastated without evidencePérez-García, 2012
Pleurosternongenusbelongs to Pleurosternidaestated with evidenceAnquetin, 2012
Pleurosternongenusbelongs to Pleurosternidaestated without evidenceKarl et al., 2012
Pleurosternongenusbelongs to Testudinatastated without evidencePerea et al., 2014
Pleurosternongenusbelongs to Pleurosternidaestated with evidencePérez-García et al., 2015
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)3
First Recorded Appearance152 - 145 Ma
Late Jurassic
Last Recorded Appearance86.3 - 83.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Environmentterrestrial (based on Amniota)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. Owen. 1853. Part I. A monograph on the fossil chelonian reptiles of the Wealden clays and Purbeck limestones. Monograph on the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Palaeontographical Society 7(25):1-12
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurosternon

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Pleurosternon bullockii
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
11145 Ma
Late Jurassic
133 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Pleurosternon portlandicum
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Pleurosternum portlandicum
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
2152 Ma
Late Jurassic
151 Ma
Late Jurassic

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Pleurosternum Owen, 1853GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Pleurosternidae : Pleurosternum

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1853Pleurosternon Owen pp. 1-2 figs. plates 1-7
1870Digerrhum Cope p. 156
1887Pleurosternum Lydekker and Boulenger pp. 271-272
1889Pleurosternum Lydekker p. 205
1958Pleurosternum Delair p. 47–48
1975Mesochelys Evans and Kemp p. 26
1979Mesochelys Gaffney p. 132 fig. 31
1988Mesochelys Carroll
1988Pleurosternon Carroll
2000Pleurosternon Brinkman et al. p. 272 fig. 5
2004Pleurosternon Milner p. 1445 figs. Text-figs 3–4, 5A, 6, 7A
2007Pleurosternon Joyce
YearName and Author
2008Pleurosternon Pérez-García et al.
2009Pleurosternon Anquetin et al.
2011Pleurosternon Lyson and Joyce p. 792
2011Pleurosternon Milner pp. 299-300 fig. 23.3B
2011Pleurosternon Pérez-García and Ortega p. 66
2012Pleurosternon Anquetin p. 28
2012Pleurosternon Karl et al.
2012Pleurosternon Pérez-García
2014Pleurosternon Perea et al.
2015Pleurosternon Pérez-García et al.
2019Pleurosternon Joyce and Anquetin

References

Owen R. Part I. A monograph on the fossil chelonian reptiles of the Wealden clays and Purbeck limestones, Monograph on the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Palaeontographical Society 7 25, 1-12
Cope E. D. , Synopsis of the Extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America. Part II. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series 14, 105-235
Lydekker R., Boulenger G. A. Notes on Chelonia from the Purbeck, Wealden and London-Clay, Geological Magazine 4, 270-275 doi:10.1017/S0016756800193690
Lydekker R. , Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History) Part III. The Order Chelonia, 1-239
Delair J. B. (1958) The Mesozoic reptiles of Dorset. Part one, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society 79, 47-72
Evans J., Kemp T. S. (1975) The cranial morphology of a new Lower Cretaceous turtle from southern England, Palaeontology 18 1, 25-40
Gaffney E. S. (1979) The Jurassic turtles of North America, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 162 3, 95-135
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Brinkman D. B., Stadtman K., et al (2000) New material of Dinochelys whitei Gaffney, 1979, from the Dry Mesa Quarry (Morrison Formation, Jurassic) of Colorado, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20 2, 269-274 doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0269:NMODWG]2.0.CO;2
Milner A. R. (2004) The turtles of the Purbeck Limestone Group of Dorset, southern England, Palaeontology 47 6, 1441-1467 doi:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00418.x
Pérez-García A., Ortega F., et al (2008) Plesiochelys sp. (Testudines, Eucryptodira) de la Fm. Freixial (Jurásico Superior) en Ulsa (Torres Vedras, Portugal), Palaeontologica Nova. SEPAZ 8, 331-344
Anquetin J., Barrett P. M., et al (2009) A new stem turtle from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland: new insights into the evolution and palaeoecology of basal turtles, Proceedings of the Royal Society B 276, 879-886 doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1429
Lyson T. R., Joyce W. G. (2011) Cranial anatomy and phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic turtle Compsemys victa Leidy, 1856, Journal of Paleontology 85 4, 789-801 doi:10.1666/10-081.1
Milner A. R. (2011) Turtles, Palaeontological Association Field Guide to Fossils 14, 295-304
Pérez-García A., Ortega F. (2011) A new eucryptodiran turtle from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning, China, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 1, 60-69
Anquetin J. (2012) Reassessment of the phylogenetic interrelationships of basal turtles (Testudinata), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10 1, 3-45 doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.558928
Karl H.-V., et al (2012) Ballerstedtia bueckebergensis, a new turtle from the Early Cretaceous Wealden facies of Germany (Testudines: Pleurosternidae), Studia Palaeocheloniologica 4, 47-60
Pérez-García A. (2012) Berruchelus russelli, gen. et sp. nov., a paracryptodiran turtle from the Cenozoic of Europe, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 3, 545-556
Perea D., Soto M., et al (2014) Tacuarembemys kusterae, gen. et sp. nov., a new Late Jurassic-?earliest Cretaceous continental turtle from western Gondwana, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 6, 1329-1341
Pérez-García A., Espílez E., et al (2015) A new European Albian turtle that extends the known stratigraphic range of the Pleurosternidae (Paracryptodira), Cretaceous Research 55, 74-83 doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.02.007
Joyce W. G., Anquetin J. (2019) A review of the fossil record of non-baenid turtles of the clade Paracryptodira, Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 60 2, 129-155
GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
NZ cross ref or inferred from publ. title - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
(Pal. Soc. Monogr.) Rept. Wealden Purbeck, No. 1 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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