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Rajiformes

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	34674	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=34674

Rank

order (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Rajiformes

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
class	Chondrichthyes	Huxley 1880
subclass	Elasmobranchii	Bonaparte 1838
infraclass	Euselachii
-	Neoselachii	Compagno 1977
superorder	Batomorphii	Capetta 1980
order	Rajiformes	Berg 1940

Common Name

ray

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Rajiformes	suborder	belongs to Euselachii	stated without evidence	Cassier, 1966
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Euselachiformes	stated without evidence	Case, 1978
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Batomorphii	stated without evidence	Capetta, 1980
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Elasmobranchii	stated without evidence	Johnston, 1980
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Batomorphii	stated without evidence	Cappetta, 1987
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Chondrichthyes	stated without evidence	Purdy et al., 2001
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Elasmobranchii	stated without evidence	Peng et al., 2001
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Galeomorphii	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Euselachii	stated without evidence	Forey et al., 2003
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Squalea	stated with evidence	Delsate, 2003
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Squalea	stated without evidence	Underwood and Ward, 2004
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Chondrichthyes	stated without evidence	Tabuce et al., 2005
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Hypnosqualea	stated without evidence	Kriwet, 2005
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Neoselachii	stated without evidence	Underwood, 2006
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Batomorphii	stated without evidence	Kriwet et al., 2007
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Elasmobranchii	stated without evidence	Everhart, 2007
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Batomorphii	stated without evidence	Cicimurri and Knight, 2009
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Batoidea	stated with evidence	Long, 2011
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Batomorphii	stated without evidence	Claeson et al., 2013
Rajiformes	order	belongs to Batomorphii	stated with evidence	Stumpf and Kriwet, 2019

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

177

Extant Size (PBDB)

27 (15%)

First Recorded Appearance

209 - 201 Ma
Mesozoic

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Rajiformes)

Diet

carnivore (based on Rajiformes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Pristoidei ✝ suborder	listed (PBDB)
Rajoidei ✝ suborder	listed (PBDB)		1	13.7 Ma Miocene	13.7 Ma Miocene
Rhinobatoidei suborder	listed (PBDB)	Guitarfish	73	157 Ma Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Archaeobatidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	183 Ma Early Jurassic	172 Ma Middle Jurassic
Cyclobatidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hypolophidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hypsobatidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Parapalaeobatidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Rajidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Skate	74	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	0 Ma Extant
Rhinobatidae family	listed (PBDB)	Guitarfish	146	183 Ma Early Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Rhynchobatidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Wedgefish	49	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Spathobatidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Antiquaobatis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	190 Ma Early Jurassic	190 Ma Early Jurassic
Dynatobatis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Erguitaia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		6	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hamrabatis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		4	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hexatrygon ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Myeladaphus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Oncobatis genus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Ostarriraja ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Plesiobatis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Rhina genus	listed (PBDB)	Bowmouth Guitarfish			0 Ma Extant
Urobatis genus	listed (PBDB)		4	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Urolophus genus	listed (PBDB)		7	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Urotrygon ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Zanobatus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Torpedinoidea unranked clade	listed (PBDB)		20	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1940	Rajiformes Berg
1966	Rajiformes Cassier p. 90
1978	Rajiformes Case p. 193
1980	Rajiformes Capetta p. 151
1980	Rajiformes Johnston
1981	Rajiformes Case p. 68
1986	Rajiformes Uyeno and Hasegawa p. 68
1987	Rajiformes Cappetta
1993	Rajiformes Biddle p. 215
1996	Rajiformes Dica et al. p. 118
2001	Rajiformes Delsate and Candoni p. 132
2001	Rajiformes Peng et al. p. 8
2001	Rajiformes Purdy et al. p. 89
2002	Rajiformes Sepkoski, Jr.

Year	Name and Author
2003	Rajiformes Delsate p. 17
2003	Rajiformes Forey et al. p. 227
2004	Rajiformes Underwood and Ward p. 489
2005	Rajiformes Kriwet
2005	Rajiformes Tabuce et al. p. 385
2006	Rajiformes Underwood p. 234
2007	Rajiformes Everhart p. 226
2007	Rajiformes Kriwet et al.
2009	Rajiformes Cicimurri and Knight p. 635
2009	Rajiformes Kriwet et al. p. 324
2011	Rajiformes Long p. 242
2013	Rajiformes Claeson et al. p. 1023
2018	Rajiformes Kent p. 124
2019	Rajiformes Stumpf and Kriwet p. 649

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Cassier F. C. (1966) Faune Ichthyologique du London Clay, 1-496

Case G. R. (1978) A new selachian fauna from the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of Montana, Palaeontographica Abteilung A 160 Lfg. 1-6, 176-205

Capetta H. (1980) Les selaciens du Cretace superieur du Liban. II: Batoides, Palaeontolographica Abt. A 168 5-6, 149-229

Johnston P. A. (1980) First record of Mesosoic mammals from Saskatchewan, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 17, 512-519

Case G. R. (1981) Late Eocene Selachians from South-Central Georgia, Palaeontographica Abteilung A 176 Lfg. 1-3, 52-79

Uyeno T., Hasegawa Y. (1986) A new Cretaceous ganopristoid sawfish of the genus Ischyrhiza from Japan, Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo, Series C 12 2, 67-72

Cappetta H. (1987) , Handbook of Paleoichthyology: Chondrichthyes II Mesozoic and Cenozoic Elasmobranchii, 1-193

Biddle J. P. (1993) Les Elasmobranches de l'Albien inferieur et moyen (Cretace inferieur) de la Marne et de la Haute-Marne (France), Belgian Geological Survey 264, 191-240

Dica P., Ciobanu R., et al (1996) Some new batoids (Pisces, Chondrichthyes) from the late Eocene (Priabonian) of Cluj-Napoca Area, Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Geologia 41 2, 117-125

Delsate D., Candoni L. W. (2001) Description de nouveaux morphotypes dentaires de Batomorphii toarciens (Jurassique inférieur) du Bassin de Paris: Archaeobatidae nov fam, Bull. Soc. Nat. Luxemb 102, 131-143

Peng J., Russell A. P., et al (2001) Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25, 1-54

Purdy R. W., Schneider V. P., et al (2001) The Neogene sharks, rays, and bony fishes from Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 71-202

Delsate D. (2003) Une nouvelle faune des poissons et requins Toarciens du sud du Luxembourg (Dudelange) et de L'Allemange (Schömberg), Bulletin de l'Académie Lorrain des Sciences 42, 13-49

Forey P. L., Yi L., et al (2003) Fossil fishes from the Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Namoura, Lebanon, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 1 4, 227-330 doi:10.1017/S147720190300107X

Underwood C. J., Ward D. J. (2004) Neoselachian sharks and rays from the British Bathonian (Middle Jurassic), Palaeontology 47 3, 447-501

Kriwet J. (2005) Additions to the Eocene Selachian Fauna of Antarctica with Comments on Antarctic Selachian Diversity, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 1, 1-7

Tabuce R., Adnet S., et al (2005) Aznag (bassin d'Ouarzazate, Maroc), nouvelle localite a selaciens et mammiferes de l'Eocene moyen (Lutetien) d'Afrique, Bulletin de la societe Geologique du France 2005 176, 381-400

Underwood C. J. (2006) Diversification of the Neoselachii (Chondrichthyes) during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, Paleobiology 32 2, 215-235

Everhart M. J. (2007) New stratigraphic records (Albian-Campanian) of Rhinobatos sp. (Chondrichthyes; Rajiformes) from the Cretaceous of Kansas, Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 110 3/4, 225-235

Kriwet J., Soler-Gijón R., et al (2007) Neoselachians from the upper Campanian and lower Maatrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of the southern Pyrenees, northern Spain, Palaeontology 50 5, 1051-1071 doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00695.x

Cicimurri D. J., Knight J. L. (2009) Late Oligocene sharks and rays from the Chandler Bridge Formation, Dorchester County, South Carolina, USA, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54 4, 627-647

Kriwet J., Nunn E. V., et al (2009) Neoselachians (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Lower and lower Upper Cretaceous of north-eastern Spain, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 2, 316-347 doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00439.x

Long J. A. (2011) , The Rise of Fishes: 500 Million Years of Evolution (Second Edition), 1-287

Claeson K. M., Underwood C. J., et al (2013) †Tingitanius enuimandibulus, a New Platyrhinid Batoid from the Turonian (Cretaceous) of Morocco and the Cretaceous Radiation of the Platyrhinidae, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 5, 1019-1036 doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.767266

Kent B. W. (2018) The Cartilaginous Fishes (Chimaeras, Sharks, and Rays) of Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, USA, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 100, 45-160

Stumpf S., Kriwet J. (2019) A new Pliensbachian elasmobranch (Vertebrata, Chondrichthyes) assemblage from Europe, and its contribution to the understanding of late Early Jurassic elasmobranch diversity and distributional patterns, PalZ 93, 637-658

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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