Wakefieldite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Formula:
Ce(VO4)
Colour:
Black
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Originally named kusuïte for the Kusu deposit, 85 km SW of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Renamed to wakefieldite-(Ce) in 1987, when, at the same time, wakefieldite was renamed wakefieldite-(Y). The original wakefieldite was in turn named for the lake near its type locality.
Type Locality:
Xenotime Group.
The Ce analogue of wakefieldite-(Y), wakefieldite-(La) and wakefieldite-(Nd).
A solid solution involving Ce- and Y-dominant wakefieldite was recently found, together with As-rich xenotime-(Y), as a probable secondary mineral in silicified Agathoxylon wood (Matisová et al., 2016).
The Ce analogue of wakefieldite-(Y), wakefieldite-(La) and wakefieldite-(Nd).
A solid solution involving Ce- and Y-dominant wakefieldite was recently found, together with As-rich xenotime-(Y), as a probable secondary mineral in silicified Agathoxylon wood (Matisová et al., 2016).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4233
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4233:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
d6cb03f9-b851-48c1-a9d4-9493d9e1a57c
IMA Classification of Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Approved
IMA Formula:
CeVO4
Classification of Wakefieldite-(Ce)
8.AD.35
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
38.4.11.4
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
4 : AXO4
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
4 : AXO4
21.3.8
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
3 : Vanadates of Al, rare earths, Pb, V or Bi
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
3 : Vanadates of Al, rare earths, Pb, V or Bi
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Wf-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Rusty-brown
Chemistry of Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
Ce(VO4)
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
I41/amd
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.34 Å, c = 6.50 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.886
Unit Cell V:
350.19 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Dipyramidal (pseudo-octahedral) or prismatic [001]
Comment:
Unit-cell parameters variable: 7.33-7.35, 6.45-6.56 A.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0012088 | Wakefieldite-(Ce) | Baudracco-Gritti C, Quartieri S, Vezzalini G, Permingeat F, Pillard F, Rinaldi R (1987) Une wakefieldite-(Ce) non plombifere: nouvelles donnees sur l'espece minerale correspondant a l'orthovanadate de cerium Bulletin de Mineralogie 110 657-663 | 1987 | 0 | 293 | ||
0013801 | Wakefieldite-(Ce) | Chakoumakos B C, Abraham M M, Boatner L A (1994) Crystal structure refinements of zircon-type MVO4 (M = Sc, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Tb, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) Journal of Solid State Chemistry 109 197-202 | 1994 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
4.89 Å | (50) |
3.678 Å | (100) |
2.766 Å | (90) |
2.594 Å | (40) |
2.291 Å | (30) |
1.891 Å | (70) |
1.638 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations | |
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Type Occurrence of Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Synonyms of Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Wakefieldite (in part)
Other Language Names for Wakefieldite-(Ce)
German:Wakefieldit-(Ce)
Russian:Уэкфилдит-(Ce)
Relationship of Wakefieldite-(Ce) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Chernovite-(Y) | Y(AsO4) | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
Pretulite | Sc(PO4) | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
Wakefieldite-(La) | La(VO4) | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
Wakefieldite-(Nd) | Nd(VO4) | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
Wakefieldite-(Y) | Y(VO4) | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
Xenotime-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
Xenotime-(Yb) | Yb(PO4) | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
3 photos of Wakefieldite-(Ce) associated with Thomsonite Subgroup | |
3 photos of Wakefieldite-(Ce) associated with Heulandite-Sr | (Sr,Na,Ca)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 24H2O |
2 photos of Wakefieldite-(Ce) associated with Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
1 photo of Wakefieldite-(Ce) associated with Brewsterite Subgroup | |
1 photo of Wakefieldite-(Ce) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
1 photo of Wakefieldite-(Ce) associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
1 photo of Wakefieldite-(Ce) associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
1 photo of Wakefieldite-(Ce) associated with Lenoblite | V4+2O4 · 2H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
8.AD. | Keplerite | Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7 |
8.AD. | Deynekoite | Ca9◻Fe3+(PO4)7 |
8.AD. | Mazorite | Ba3(PO4)2 |
8.AD. | Monazite-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
8.AD.05 | Nahpoite | Na2(PO3OH) |
8.AD.10 | Monetite | Ca(PO3OH) |
8.AD.10 | Weilite | Ca(HAsO4) |
8.AD.10 | Švenekite | Ca(H2AsO4)2 |
8.AD.15 | Archerite | (K,NH4)(H2PO4) |
8.AD.15 | Biphosphammite | NH4(H2PO4) |
8.AD.20 | Phosphammite | (NH4)2(PO3OH) |
8.AD.25 | Buchwaldite | NaCa(PO4) |
8.AD.30 | Schultenite | Pb(HAsO4) |
8.AD.35 | Chernovite-(Y) | Y(AsO4) |
8.AD.35 | Dreyerite | Bi(VO4) |
8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Y) | Y(VO4) |
8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
8.AD.35 | Chernovite-(Ce) | (Ce,Y)(AsO4) |
8.AD.35 | Pretulite | Sc(PO4) |
8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Yb) | Yb(PO4) |
8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(La) | La(VO4) |
8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Nd) | Nd(VO4) |
8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
8.AD.40 | Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
8.AD.45 | Ximengite | Bi(PO4) |
8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(Ce) | Ce(AsO4) |
8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
8.AD.50 | Monazite-(La) | La(PO4) |
8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Nd) | Nd(PO4) |
8.AD.50 | Rooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
8.AD.50 | Cheralite | CaTh(PO4)2 |
8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Sm) | Sm(PO4) |
8.AD.50 | UM2005-35-VO:CaFePSiTh | (Th,Ca)(VO4,SiO4,PO4) |
8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(La) | La(AsO4) |
8.AD.55 | Tetrarooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
8.AD.60 | Chursinite | [Hg2]2+Hg2+2[AsO4]2 |
8.AD.65 | Clinobisvanite | Bi(VO4) |
8.AD.70 | Gurimite | Ba3(VO4)2 |
8.AD.75 | Picaite | NaCa[AsO3OH][AsO2(OH)2] |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Wakefieldite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4233.html
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References for Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Deliens, Michel, Piret, Paul (1977) La kusuïte, (Ce3+,Pb2+,Pb4+) VO4, nouveau minéral. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 100 (1) 39-41 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1977.7116(as kusuïte)
Fleischer, Michael, Pabst, Adolf, Mandarino, J. A., Chao, George Y. (1977) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 62 (9-10) 1057-1061
Deliens, Michel, Piret, Paul (1986) La kusuïte devient la wakefïeldite-(Ce) plombifère. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 109 (3) 305 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1986.7938
Baudracco-Gritti, Célestine, Quartieri, Simona, Vezzalini, Giovanna, Permingeat, François, Pillard, François, Rinaldi, Romano (1987) Une wakefieldite-(Ce) non plombifère : nouvelles données sur l'espèce minérale correspondant à l'orthovanadate de cérium. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 110 (6) 657-663 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1987.8010
Matysová, Petra, Götze, Jens, Leichmann, Jaromír, Škoda, Radek, Strnad, Ladislav, Drahota, Petr, Grygar, Tomáš Matys (2016) Cathodoluminescence and LA-ICP-MS chemistry of silicified wood enclosing wakefieldite – REEs and V migration during complex diagenetic evolution. European Journal of Mineralogy, 28 (5) 869-887 doi:10.1127/ejm/2016/0028-2556
Localities for Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Bakker RJ (2006) |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2018) |
Canada | |
| Tschernich (1992) |
Czech Republic | |
| Matýsek D. (2013) |
DR Congo (TL) | |
| Deliens et al. (1986) +1 other reference |
| Deliens et al. (1986) |
Germany | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2005) +2 other references |
| Blass et al. (2006) |
| J. Gröbner (2011) |
Italy | |
| Tumiati S. et al. (2020) |
| Matteo Giai et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
Jordan | |
| Sokol +9 other references |
Morocco | |
| Baudracco-Gritti et al. (1987) |
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Yellow Lake, Olalla, Osoyoos Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada