Schultenite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Schultenite
August B. de Schulten
Formula:
Pb(HAsO4)
Colour:
Colourless; colourless in transmitted light
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
5.943 - 6.08
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honor of August Benjamin de Schultén (19 December 1856, Viborg, Finland - 29 September 1912, Paris, France), Professor of Chemistry at Helsingfors, Finland and Paris, France. He had earlier synthesized the artificial compound.
See also Unnamed (P-analogue of Schultenite).
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Schultenite.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Schultenite.Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3590
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3590:9
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
959deec1-938f-4142-bf45-8d7f7b07c887
IMA Classification of Schultenite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Pb(AsO3OH)
First published:
1926
Classification of Schultenite
8.AD.30
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
Dana 7th ed.:
37.1.2.1
37.1.2.1
37 : ANHYDROUS ACID PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES AND VANADATES
1 : Miscellaneous
37 : ANHYDROUS ACID PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES AND VANADATES
1 : Miscellaneous
20.5.2
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
5 : Arsenates of Ti and Pb
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
5 : Arsenates of Ti and Pb
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Slt | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Schultenite
Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Comment:
Brilliant
Colour:
Colourless; colourless in transmitted light
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {010}, good.
On {010}, good.
Density:
5.943 - 6.08 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.041 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
6.05 to 6.07 (artificial material)
Optical Data of Schultenite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.890 nβ = 1.910 nγ = 1.976
2V:
Measured: 58° , Calculated: 60°
Birefringence:
0.086
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.086
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
strong
Optical Extinction:
X=b, Y∧c = -24°, Z∧c = 66°.
Chemistry of Schultenite
Mindat Formula:
Pb(HAsO4)
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Schultenite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P2/b
Setting:
P2/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.842 Å, b = 6.758 Å, c = 4.858 Å
β = 95.4°
β = 95.4°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.864 : 1 : 0.719
Unit Cell V:
190.94 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals flattened {010}; commonly rhomboidal and resembling gypsum. {010} striated [001], {001} striated [100].
Twinning:
Fishtail twins observed
Comment:
Ranges: a 5.820 b 6.743 c4.847, beta 95.34-95.9
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0013023 | Schultenite | Wilson C C, Cox P J, Stewart N S (1991) Structure and disorder in schultenite, lead hydrogen arsenate Journal of Crystallographic and Spectroscopic Research 21 589-593 | 1991 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.35 Å | (vvs) |
| 3.13 Å | (vs) |
| 1.950 Å | (vsb) |
| 1.778 Å | (sb) |
| 2.19 Å | (ms) |
| 1.683 Å | (ms) |
| 1.546 Å | (ms) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| 47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Schultenite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Thin crystal plates, transparent and colourless, to 1 cm across with a thickness of 1 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1926,205.
National School of Mines, Paris, France.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 106356.
National School of Mines, Paris, France.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 106356.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Found in the oxidized zones of lead deposits.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Spencer, L.J. and Mountain, E.D. (1926): Schultenite, a new mineral from South-West Africa. Mineralogical Magazine: 21: 149-155.
Other Language Names for Schultenite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 22 photos of Schultenite associated with Zincolivenite | CuZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8 photos of Schultenite associated with Mallestigite | Pb3Sb5+(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 6 photos of Schultenite associated with Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| 6 photos of Schultenite associated with Galena | PbS |
| 6 photos of Schultenite associated with Tennantite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S |
| 3 photos of Schultenite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
| 3 photos of Schultenite associated with Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| 2 photos of Schultenite associated with Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| 2 photos of Schultenite associated with Copper-bearing Adamite | (Zn,Cu)2AsO4OH |
| 2 photos of Schultenite associated with Keyite | Cu2+3Zn4Cd2(AsO4)6 · 2H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.AD. | Keplerite | Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7 |
| 8.AD. | Deynekoite | Ca9◻Fe3+(PO4)7 |
| 8.AD. | Mazorite | Ba3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AD. | Monazite-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.05 | Nahpoite | Na2(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.10 | Monetite | Ca(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.10 | Weilite | Ca(HAsO4) |
| 8.AD.10 | Švenekite | Ca(H2AsO4)2 |
| 8.AD.15 | Archerite | (K,NH4)(H2PO4) |
| 8.AD.15 | Biphosphammite | NH4(H2PO4) |
| 8.AD.20 | Phosphammite | (NH4)2(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.25 | Buchwaldite | NaCa(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Chernovite-(Y) | Y(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Dreyerite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Ce) | Ce(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Y) | Y(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Chernovite-(Ce) | (Ce,Y)(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Pretulite | Sc(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Yb) | Yb(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(La) | La(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Nd) | Nd(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.40 | Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.45 | Ximengite | Bi(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(Ce) | Ce(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(La) | La(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Nd) | Nd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Rooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Cheralite | CaTh(PO4)2 |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Sm) | Sm(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | UM2005-35-VO:CaFePSiTh | (Th,Ca)(VO4,SiO4,PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(La) | La(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.55 | Tetrarooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.60 | Chursinite | [Hg2]2+Hg2+2[AsO4]2 |
| 8.AD.65 | Clinobisvanite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.70 | Gurimite | Ba3(VO4)2 |
| 8.AD.75 | Picaite | NaCa[AsO3OH][AsO2(OH)2] |
Fluorescence of Schultenite
Dull yellow in LW UV
Other Information
Notes:
Pseudomorphically replaced by anglesite at Tsumeb (?).
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Insecticide
Internet Links for Schultenite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3590.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Schultenite
Localities for Schultenite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Parbhakar-Fox (2016) |
| Parbhakar-Fox (2016) | |
Austria | |
| U. Kolitsch (SXRD-analysis) +1 other reference |
| Auer (2020) |
| Schachinger et al. (2015) |
| Bojar (1993) |
Czech Republic | |
| Sejkora J. (1995) |
| Lapis 2002 (7/8) | |
| Sejkora et al. (2011) | |
| Plašil J et al. (2006) |
France | |
| Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ... |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (2020) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (2021) |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2019) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| |
| |
| |
| Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1990) |
| Der Aufschluss 2000 (2) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Der Aufschluss Vol.55 +2 other references |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) | |
| Möhn et al. (07/2020) +1 other reference |
Greece | |
| Rieck et al. (1999) |
| Blaß et al. (1998) |
Italy | |
| Carmagnola et al. (2023) |
| Orlandi et al. (1) |
| Brizzi et al. (1994) |
Namibia (TL) | |
| Rocks & Minerals: 62: 440. +3 other references |
Portugal | |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
Spain | |
| Joan Abella i Creus (Joanabellacreus@gmail.com) |
Switzerland | |
| Lengenbach Research Community +2 other references |
UK | |
| Symes et al. (1990) |
| Stanley et al. (1991) | |
USA | |
| - (2008) |
| a second occurrence +1 other reference |
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Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia