Paracoquimbite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Paracoquimbite
Formula:
Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Formerly given as Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O; changed to better address its homeotypic relation to coquimbite. The current formula is just a multiplication of the former one.
Colour:
Pale violet
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
2.11
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
From the Greek "para" for near and its relation to Coquimbite.
Note: Al is not essential in paracoquimbite (but is essential in coquimbite), as derived from the IMA redefinition.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3084
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3084:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
fbbce05e-40e5-49e0-adb9-d53e98470334
IMA Classification of Paracoquimbite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Fe3+4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Approval history:
redefinition code: IMA-19F
Classification of Paracoquimbite
7.CB.55
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
29.8.4.1
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
8 : A2(XO4)3·H2O
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
8 : A2(XO4)3·H2O
25.10.10
25 : Sulphates
10 : Sulphates of Fe alone
25 : Sulphates
10 : Sulphates of Fe alone
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Pcoq | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Paracoquimbite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Pale violet
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
On {0112} and {10
14}, imperfect.
On {0112} and {10
14}, imperfect.
Density:
2.11(1) g/cm3 (Measured) 2.115 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Paracoquimbite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.550(2) nε = 1.555(2)
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.005
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Chemistry of Paracoquimbite
Mindat Formula:
Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Formerly given as Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O; changed to better address its homeotypic relation to coquimbite. The current formula is just a multiplication of the former one.
Formerly given as Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O; changed to better address its homeotypic relation to coquimbite. The current formula is just a multiplication of the former one.
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Paracoquimbite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.926(9) Å, c = 51.3(21) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 4.695
Unit Cell V:
5,303.60 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
12
Morphology:
Crystals rhombohedral, frequently with large {0112}; also equant, pseudo-cubic, with large {0001} and {0112}, or prismatic [0001]. massive, granular.
Twinning:
On {0001}, common.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000261 | Paracoquimbite | Robinson P D, Fang J H (1971) Crystal structures and mineral chemistry of hydrated ferric sulphates: II. The crystal structure of paracoquimbite American Mineralogist 56 1567-1572 |  | 1971 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
Epitaxial Relationships of Paracoquimbite
Epitaxial Minerals:
| Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
Epitaxy Comments:
Coquimbite in parallel position; contact surface {0001}. As scepter-like overgrowths.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 8.88 Å | (100) |
| 8.55 Å | (20) |
| 7.62 Å | (39) |
| 5.465 Å | (29) |
| 4.713 Å | (16) |
| 4.605 Å | (29) |
| 3.367 Å | (33) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 46 : Near-surface hydrothermal alteration of minerals (see also #22) | |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals | <0.36 |
Geological Setting:
Oxidation zone in pyrite deposits - especially in arid regions.
Type Occurrence of Paracoquimbite
Other Language Names for Paracoquimbite
Relationship of Paracoquimbite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Aluminocoquimbite | Al2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1c |
| Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1c |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 5 photos of Paracoquimbite associated with Metavoltine | K2Na6Fe2+Fe3+6O2(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 5 photos of Paracoquimbite associated with Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 1 photo of Paracoquimbite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 1 photo of Paracoquimbite associated with Jarosite | KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 1 photo of Paracoquimbite associated with Kornelite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O |
| 1 photo of Paracoquimbite associated with Römerite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 1 photo of Paracoquimbite associated with Lausenite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 1 photo of Paracoquimbite associated with Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 1 photo of Paracoquimbite associated with Aluminocopiapite | Al2/3Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| 1 photo of Paracoquimbite associated with Copiapite | Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.CB. | Sarvodaite | Al2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.02 | Voudourisite | CdSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Dwornikite | Ni(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Gunningite | ZnSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Kieserite | MgSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Poitevinite | (Cu,Fe)SO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Szmikite | MnSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Cobaltkieserite | CoSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.07 | Sanderite | MgSO4 · 2H2O |
| 7.CB.10 | Bonattite | CuSO4 · 3H2O |
| 7.CB.12 | Belogubite | CuZn(SO4)2 · 10H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Aplowite | (Co,Mn,Ni)SO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Boyleite | (Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Ilesite | (Mn,Zn,Fe)SO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Starkeyite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Drobecite | CdSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Cranswickite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Jôkokuite | MnSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Pentahydrite | MgSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Siderotil | FeSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Bianchite | Zn(SO4) · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Chvaleticeite | Mn(SO4) · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Ferrohexahydrite | FeSO4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Hexahydrite | MgSO4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Moorhouseite | Co(SO4) · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Nickelhexahydrite | Ni(SO4) · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.30 | Retgersite | NiSO4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Bieberite | CoSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Boothite | CuSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Mallardite | MnSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Zincmelanterite | (Zn,Cu,Fe)SO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Alpersite | (Mg,Cu)(SO4) · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Goslarite | ZnSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Morenosite | NiSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.45 | Alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O |
| 7.CB.45 | Meta-alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 12H2O |
| 7.CB.50 | Aluminocoquimbite | Al2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.50 | Lazaridisite | 3CdSO4 · 8H2O |
| 7.CB.52 | Pararaisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Rhomboclase | (H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Raisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.57 | Caichengyunite | Fe2+3Al2(SO4)6 · 30H2O |
| 7.CB.60 | Kornelite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.65 | Quenstedtite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O |
| 7.CB.70 | Lausenite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.75 | Lishizhenite | ZnFe2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 7.CB.75 | Römerite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 7.CB.80 | Ransomite | CuFe2(SO4)4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Apjohnite | Mn2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Bílinite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Dietrichite | (Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Redingtonite | (Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Wupatkiite | (Co,Mg,Ni)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.90 | Meridianiite | MgSO4 · 11H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in water , astringent.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Paracoquimbite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3084.html
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References for Paracoquimbite
Reference List:
Demartin, F., Castellano, C., Gramaccioli, C. M., Campostrini, I. (2010) ALUMINUM-FOR-IRON SUBSTITUTION, HYDROGEN BONDING, AND A NOVEL STRUCTURE-TYPE IN COQUIMBITE-LIKE MINERALS. The Canadian Mineralogist, 48 (2) 323-333 doi:10.3749/canmin.48.2.323
Majzlan, Juraj, Ðorđević, Tamara, Kolitsch, Uwe, Schefer, Jürg (2010) Hydrogen bonding in coquimbite, nominally Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O, and the relationship between coquimbite and paracoquimbite. Mineralogy and Petrology, 100 (3) 241-248 doi:10.1007/s00710-010-0128-4
Localities for Paracoquimbite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| R Bottrill |
Austria | |
| Hammer et al. (2004) |
Canada | |
| Zodrow (1989) |
| Henderson (2007) |
Chile (TL) | |
| Kampf +6 other references |
| Ungemach (1933) +1 other reference |
| Ungemach (1933) +1 other reference |
China | |
| Yingxia Xu et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
France | |
| R. Pierrot |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| P&T N°23-24 et al. (Haut-Rhin) | |
| |
| Mari (2002) |
Germany | |
| Mangold et al. (10/21) |
| 86. +1 other reference |
| T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998 (7/8) |
Greece | |
| Anthony et al. (2016) |
| |
| Branko Rieck collection | |
| Rieck et al. (2018) | |
Hungary | |
| |
Italy | |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) |
Japan | |
| Anthony et al. (2016) |
Lebanon | |
| Kruszewski et al. (South Lebanon) |
Portugal | |
| |
| Oliveira et al. (2024) |
Romania | |
| Januszewska et al. (9th Meeting of the Mineralogical Society of Poland 28th Meeting of the Petrology group of the Mineralogical Society of Poland, October 19-22, 2023, Bielawa, Poland) |
South Africa | |
| Glass (2006) |
Spain | |
| Iriarte et al. (2013) |
USA | |
| |
| Grant et al. (2005) | |
| Grant et al. (2005) | |
| Collected by Julian Gray 21 September ... |
| Chemical Geology Volume 215 |
| Anthony et al. (2016) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
Mars | |
| Johnson et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
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Alcaparrosa Mine, Sierra Gorda, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile