Morenosite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Morenosite
Formula:
NiSO4 · 7H2O
Colour:
Apple green or greenish white; green in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2 - 2½
Specific Gravity:
1.953
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named after Señor Antonio Moreno Ruiz (1796-1852), Spanish pharmacist and chemist, Academy of Natural Sciences, Madrid, Spain.
Type Locality:
Epsomite Group; Epsomite-Morenosite Series.
A complete series exists to Epsomite.
Dehydrates to Retgersite.
A complete series exists to Epsomite.
Dehydrates to Retgersite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2782
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2782:9
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
85723ba9-74dc-45d4-83f8-e1d54ff98c3c
IMA Classification of Morenosite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Ni(SO4) · 7H2O
Classification of Morenosite
7.CB.40
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
29.6.11.3
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
25.12.6
25 : Sulphates
12 : Sulphates of Co and Ni
25 : Sulphates
12 : Sulphates of Co and Ni
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Mren | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Morenosite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Apple green or greenish white; green in transmitted light.
Streak:
White; faint green tint.
Hardness:
2 - 2½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {010}, distinct
On {010}, distinct
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
1.953 g/cm3 (Measured) 1.93 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Morenosite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.467 nβ = 1.489 nγ = 1.492
2V:
Measured: 42° , Calculated: 40°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.025
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
relatively weak
Chemistry of Morenosite
Mindat Formula:
NiSO4 · 7H2O
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Morenosite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
2 2 2 - Disphenoidal
Space Group:
P21 21 21
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.86 Å, b = 12.08 Å, c = 6.81 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.982 : 1 : 0.564
Unit Cell V:
975.66 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Artificial crystals are short prismatic [001]. Occurs naturally as efflorescent crusts of indistinct crystals and fibers; stalactitic.
Crystal Structure
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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0010551 | Morenosite | Beevers C A, Schwartz C M (1935) The crystal structure of nickel sulphate heptahydrate NiSO4*7H2O Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 91 157-169 | 1935 | 0 | 293 | ||
0018144 | Morenosite | Beevers C, Schwartz C (1935) The crystal structure of nickel sulphate heptahydrate Ni S O4 (H2 O)7 _cod_database_code 1011297 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 91 157-169 | 1935 | 0 | 293 | ||
0015589 | Morenosite | Iskhakova L D, Dubrovinskii L S, Charushnikova I A (1991) Crystal structure, theoretical parameters of potential of atomic interaction (PPAI), and thermochemical properties of NiSO4*nH2O (n=7,6) Soviet Physics Crystallography 36 360-363 | 1991 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] |
Type Occurrence of Morenosite
Synonyms of Morenosite
Other Language Names for Morenosite
Varieties of Morenosite
Magnesium-bearing Morenosite | A magnesium-bearing variety of morenosite, containing Mg in substitution for Ni up to the 1:1 ratio with Mg, after which the material in the series is epsomite (50% rule). |
Relationship of Morenosite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
8 photos of Morenosite associated with Retgersite | NiSO4 · 6H2O |
3 photos of Morenosite associated with Pennine | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
3 photos of Morenosite associated with Pentlandite | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
2 photos of Morenosite associated with Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
2 photos of Morenosite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
2 photos of Morenosite associated with Millerite | NiS |
1 photo of Morenosite associated with Nickelhexahydrite | Ni(SO4) · 6H2O |
1 photo of Morenosite associated with Aragonite | CaCO3 |
1 photo of Morenosite associated with Serpentinite | |
1 photo of Morenosite associated with Nickeline | NiAs |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
7.CB. | Sarvodaite | Al2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
7.CB.02 | Voudourisite | CdSO4 · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Dwornikite | Ni(SO4) · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Gunningite | ZnSO4 · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Kieserite | MgSO4 · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Poitevinite | (Cu,Fe)SO4 · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Szmikite | MnSO4 · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Cobaltkieserite | CoSO4 · H2O |
7.CB.07 | Sanderite | MgSO4 · 2H2O |
7.CB.10 | Bonattite | CuSO4 · 3H2O |
7.CB.12 | Belogubite | CuZn(SO4)2 · 10H2O |
7.CB.15 | Aplowite | (Co,Mn,Ni)SO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.15 | Boyleite | (Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.15 | Ilesite | (Mn,Zn,Fe)SO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.15 | Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.15 | Starkeyite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.15 | Drobecite | CdSO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.15 | Cranswickite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.20 | Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
7.CB.20 | Jôkokuite | MnSO4 · 5H2O |
7.CB.20 | Pentahydrite | MgSO4 · 5H2O |
7.CB.20 | Siderotil | FeSO4 · 5H2O |
7.CB.25 | Bianchite | Zn(SO4) · 6H2O |
7.CB.25 | Chvaleticeite | Mn(SO4) · 6H2O |
7.CB.25 | Ferrohexahydrite | FeSO4 · 6H2O |
7.CB.25 | Hexahydrite | MgSO4 · 6H2O |
7.CB.25 | Moorhouseite | Co(SO4) · 6H2O |
7.CB.25 | Nickelhexahydrite | Ni(SO4) · 6H2O |
7.CB.30 | Retgersite | NiSO4 · 6H2O |
7.CB.35 | Bieberite | CoSO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.35 | Boothite | CuSO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.35 | Mallardite | MnSO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.35 | Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
7.CB.35 | Zincmelanterite | (Zn,Cu,Fe)SO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.35 | Alpersite | (Mg,Cu)(SO4) · 7H2O |
7.CB.40 | Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.40 | Goslarite | ZnSO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.45 | Alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O |
7.CB.45 | Meta-alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 12H2O |
7.CB.50 | Aluminocoquimbite | Al2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
7.CB.50 | Lazaridisite | 3CdSO4 · 8H2O |
7.CB.52 | Pararaisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
7.CB.55 | Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
7.CB.55 | Paracoquimbite | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
7.CB.55 | Rhomboclase | (H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
7.CB.55 | Raisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
7.CB.57 | Caichengyunite | Fe2+3Al2(SO4)6 · 30H2O |
7.CB.60 | Kornelite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O |
7.CB.65 | Quenstedtite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O |
7.CB.70 | Lausenite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
7.CB.75 | Lishizhenite | ZnFe2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
7.CB.75 | Römerite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
7.CB.80 | Ransomite | CuFe2(SO4)4 · 6H2O |
7.CB.85 | Apjohnite | Mn2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.85 | Bílinite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.85 | Dietrichite | (Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.85 | Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.85 | Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.85 | Redingtonite | (Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.85 | Wupatkiite | (Co,Mg,Ni)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.90 | Meridianiite | MgSO4 · 11H2O |
Other Information
Magnetism:
Paramagnetic
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Morenosite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2782.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Morenosite
Localities for Morenosite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Nickel et al. (1977) +2 other references |
| Grguric (2003) |
Austria | |
| Auer (2021) |
| H. Meixner: Carinthia II et al. (1956) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| MEIXNER (1958) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
Bolivia | |
| Dr. Fritz Berndt collection (Dr. Frank Keutsch analysis) |
Canada | |
| Hawley et al. (1962) |
Reiner Mielke 2011 | |
| Hawley et al. (1962) |
| Reiner Mielke 2014 |
| 157-158. +1 other reference |
| Dana 6: 940 +1 other reference |
| Sabina (2003) |
Staveley (1976) | |
Czech Republic | |
| Duda +1 other reference |
DR Congo | |
| Gauthier et al. (1989) |
France | |
| Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ... |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Dana 6:940. |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
Weiß (1990) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Der Aufschluss Vol.55 |
| Frenzel (2009) |
| Wittern (2001) |
Greece | |
| 90 (in German) +2 other references |
Iraq | |
| Yassin et al. (Eds.) |
Ireland | |
| King et al. (267) |
Italy | |
| Boscardin et al. (1977) +1 other reference |
Boscardin M. (1977) | |
Del Caldo et al. (1973) +2 other references | |
Del Caldo et al. (1973) +3 other references | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
C.M. Gramaccioli (1975) | |
Cavinato A. (1938) | |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
DaDa +1 other reference | |
| Cavinato (1938) +2 other references |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Scaini G. (1971) +1 other reference |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Exel (1987) |
| Marco Bonifazi find & collection +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Go Ito +1 other reference |
Peru | |
| Frondel et al. (1949) +1 other reference |
Poland | |
| Paulo A. 1970: On the formation of ... |
Portugal | |
| Antonio Jesus Pimentel specimens +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| Berger +1 other reference |
| Novakov et al. (2021) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Spain | |
| Joan Rosell |
| Joan Abella i Creus (2008) |
| Duda +3 other references |
Switzerland | |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
Bedognè et al. (2006) | |
| Van Hove C. Collection |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Christian Bracke Collection |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
UK | |
| Ford et al. (1993) |
USA | |
| Galbraith (1959) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 263 +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 270. +2 other references |
| Becker (1888b) +3 other references |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
Rocks & Minerals 82:402-407 +3 other references | |
| Woodhouse (1957a) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 270. +3 other references |
| O'Donoghue (1976) |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
Nickel Deposits in Cottonwood Canyon et al. (1939) | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Min.Rec.:21:103 +4 other references |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Cannon (1975) |
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Jáchymov, Karlovy Vary District, Karlovy Vary Region, Czech Republic