Wolframite

A synonym of Wolframite Group

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Formula:

(Fe²⁺)WO₄ to (Mn²⁺)WO₄

Lustre:

Sub-Metallic

Hardness:

4 - 4½

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

Per Agricola, it is derived from "volf," "wolf," and "rahm," "ram," for "froth", "cream," "soot" (Latin = Lupi spuma), perhaps in allusion to an objectionable scum or substance formed during the smelting of tin ores containing tungsten; possibly also derived from "lupus" and "wolf", which were alchemists' terms for antimony, for which it may have been mistaken as an ore.

Synonym:

A synonym of Wolframite Group

Material usually chemically between Hübnerite and Ferberite with unspecified chemical composition. Rarely, "wolframite" could also correspond to other members of the wolframite group.

Occurs in high-temperature hydrothermal veins, in greisen, granitic pegmatites; in alluvial and eluvial deposits.

"Wolframite" of the Badzhalski ore deposit is extremely enriched in rhenium: up to 3.52 wt.% Re_2>O₇ (Alekseev & Marin, 2018).

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Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

4305 (as Wolframite)
39780 (as Wolframite Group)

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:4305:8 (as Wolframite)
mindat:1:1:39780:5 (as Wolframite Group)

GUID
(UUID V4):

4bae1dc6-2b8f-426f-af73-7cad09d3ed1a (as Wolframite)
66913452-ca1c-4aaa-9d46-91a31a1babac (as Wolframite Group)

Internet Links for WolframiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-4305.html
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References for WolframiteHide

Reference List:

Agricola (1546) De Natura Fossilium: 255 (as Lupi Spuma).

Agricola (1546) De Natura Fossilium: 255 (as Lapis niger ex quo conflatur candidum plumbum).

Henckel, J. Fr. (1725) Pyritologia oder Kiess-Historie. Leipzig: 171 (as Wolfram).

Wallerius, J.G (1747) Mineralogia, eller Mineralriket. Stockholm: 268 (as Volfram).

Cronstedt, Axel Fredrik (1758) Försök till en Mineralogie eller Mineral Rikets Upställning. J. A. Carlbohm, Stockholm.

Linnaeus (1778) Natursystem des Mineralreichs, Gmelin: 3: 78 (as Lupus jovis, molybdaenum).

Pryce (1778) Pryce, W. (1778) Mineralogia cornubiensis. 331pp., London: 317, 321, 324 (as Cal, Call, Gal, Mock-lead).

de Elhuyar, J.J. and F. (1785) A Chemical Examination of Wolfram and Examination of a New Metal Which Enters into its Composition, London (as Tungstic acid, iron, and manganese).

Cronstedt (1788) Magellan’s edition in English, 2 volumes, 8vo, London: 208, 866 (as Wolframum, Manganesia, parva cum portoine martis et jovis mixta).

Haüy, R.J. (1801) Traité de minéralogie. First edition: in 4 volumes with atlas in fol. Paris: 4: 314 (as Schéelin ferruginé).

Haüy, R.J. (1822), Traité de minéralogie. second edition, 4 volumes, with fol. Atlas: 4: 366 (as Schéelin ferruginé).

Mohs, F. (1822) Grundriss der Mineralogie. 2 volumes, Dresden (as Prismatisches Scheel-Erz).

Haidinger, Wm. (1825) Treatise on Mineralogy, by F. Mohs; translation with considerable additions. 3 volumes, Edinburg: 2: 387 (as Prismatic scheelium ore).

Naumann, C.F. (1830) Lehrbuch der Krystallographie. 2 volumes, Leipzig: 2: Tafel 32.

Beudant, F.S. (1832), Trailé élémentaire de Minéralogie, second edition, 2 volumes: 2: 659 (as Eisenscheel).

Breithaupt, A. (1832) Vollständige Characteristik etc.: 2nd. Ed.: 227 (as Wolframit).

Dana, J.D. (1837) System of Mineralogy, 1st. edition, New Haven: 373 (as Wolfram).

Lévy, A. (1837) Description d’une collection de minéraux formée par M. Henri Heuland, et appartenant à M. Ch. H. Turner, de Rooksnest, dans le comté de Surrey en Angleterre. 3 volumes and atlas of 85 plates, London: 3: 362.

Rose (1845) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 64: 175.

Breithaupt, A. (1847) Vollständige Handbuch der Mineralogie. Dresden and Leipzig. Vol. 3: Tafel 16.

Kerndt (1847) Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig: 42: 81.

Des Cloizeaux (1850) Annales de chimie et de physique, Paris: 28: 163.

Miller (1852): 473.

Dufrénoy, A. (1856): 2: 636; Atlas, Plate 74.

Des Cloizeaux (1870) Annales de chimie et de physique, Paris: 19: 168.

Groth and Arzruni (1873) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 149: 235.

Krenner (1875) Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 5: 9.

Fritsch (1878) Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaften, HalleP: 3: 864 ("Reinite" pseudomorphs after Scheelite).

Luedecke (1879) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: 286 ("Reinite" pseudomorphs after Scheelite).

Purgold (1883) Isis, Dresden: 73.

Seligmann (1886) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 11: 347.

Dana, Edward Salisbury (1892) A System of Mineralogy (6th ed.)

Genth and Penfield (1892) American Journal of Science: 43: 184.

Maskelyne (1895): 369.

Winkeltabellen (1897): 366.

Warren (1901) American Journal of Science: 11: 369.

Bøggild (1905) Meddelelser om Grønland, no. 32: 179.

Brögger (1908) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 45: 87 (morphological comparison to columbite).

Tronquoy (1913) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 36: 113.

Hess and Schaller (1914) U.S. Geological Survey Bull. 583: 20, 36, 37, 40.

Wherry (1914) Proceedings of the .S. National Museum: 47: 501.

Hess (1915) U.S. Geological Survey Bull. 652.

Jimbo (1915) Beiträge zur Mineralogie von Japan, Tokyo: no. 5: 256.

Dewey and Bromehead (1916) Mem. Geological Survey, Special Report, Tungsten and Manganese Ores.

Bravo (1921) Arch. Assoc. peruana Prog. Cienc.: 1: 141 [Zs Kr. (1924): 59: 487].

Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin Vol. 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.157

Pereirqa-Ferraz (1921) Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 173: 1170.

Goldschmidt, V. (1923) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text. Heidelberg. vol. 9: 86.

Gordon (1924) Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences, Philadelphia: 76: 335.

Dupare (1925) Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 38: 116-117.

Koch (1925) Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hungarici: 22: 146 [Min. Abs. (1926): 3: 101].

Swanson (1925) University iof Toronto Studies, Geology Series, no. 20: 28.

Jahn (1926) Vogtländ. Ges. Naturfor. Mitt.: no. 3: 1 [Min. Abs. (1926): 3: 154].

Smith, George (1926) A Contribution to the Mineralogy of New South Wales. Mineral Resources 34. New South Wales Department of Minesp.132

Doelter (1928): 4 [2]: 825, 846.

Broch (1929) Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, Oslo, Mat.-Nat. Kl., Skrifter, no. 8.

Hintze, Carl (1929) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3B]: 4067, 4103, 4112, 4113, 4117, 4143.

Fisher (1930) American Mineralogist: 15: 104.

Parga (1930) Anal. Soc. españ. Fis. Quím.: 28: 905 (Ta content).

Van Horn (1930) American Mineralogist: 15: 461.

Franzenau and Tokody (1931) Mathematische und Naturwissenschaftliche Berichte aus Ungarn, Berlin, Budapest, Leipzig: 38: 236 [Min. Abs. (1934): 5: 135].

Schneiderhöhn, Hans and Ramdohr, P. (1931) Lehrbuch der Erzmikroskopie. 2 volumes. Berlin. vol. 2, 714 pp. (1931) (descriptive): 606-607.

Ahlfeld (1932) Chemie der Erde, Jena: 7: 121.

Lacroix (1933) Bull. serv. Geol. Indochine: 20 [Min. Abs. (1935): 6: 21].

Lindgren, W. (1933) Mineral Deposits. Fourth edition, 930pp. New York: 596, 659, 761.

Ellsworth and Jolliffe (1937) University of Toronto Studies, Geology Series: no. 40: 71.

Loomis (1937) Economic Geology: 32: 952.

Ahlfeld , Fr. and Reyes, J. Muñoz (1938), Mineralogie von Bolivien: 63.

Angelelli and Chaudet (1939) Rev. Min. Soc. Argentine Min. Geol.: 10: 74.

Bunin, Klimov, and Umansky (1940) J. Phys. Chem., Ac. Sc. U.S.S.R.: 14: 844.

Short, Max N. (1940) “Microscopic Determination of the Ore Minerals,” Second edition, USGS Bulletin 914: 167-168.

Lovering (1941) Economic Geology: 36: 229.

Wilson (1941) Arizona Bureau of Mines, Geology Series, Bull. 148.

Bailly (1942) Société géologique de Belgique, Liége, Annales: 65: B133.

Ke-Chin Hsu (1943) Economic Geology: 38: 431.

Li and Wang (1943) Tungsten. New York.

Gordon, Samuel G. (1944) The mineralogy of the tin mines of Cerro de Llallagua, Bolivia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 96. 279-359

Juan (1946) Economic Geology: 41: 399.

Kerr (1946) Geological Society of America, mem.: 15.

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.1064-1072

Geological Society of America Memoir 85 (1962), 222.

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie (1976): 144: 238.

Picot -Johan (1982): 393.

Criddle, A. J., Stanley, C. J. (1993) Data file. In Quantitative Data File for Ore Minerals. Springer Netherlands. p.1-635. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1486-8_1p.625

Alekseev, V.I., Marin, Yu.B. (2018): A Unique Find of Rhenium-bearing Wolframite in Ongonites of the Russian Far East. Doklady Earth Sciences: 478: 250-252.

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