 | | Book | | MINERAL RESOURCES OF PORTUGAL Text prepared by Luís Plácido Martins CONTENTS 5 7 11 19 20 21...MINING BACKGROUND HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF MINING IN PORTUGAL PRECIOUS METALS Galicia - Trás-os-Montes Zone...Business in Portugal KEY REFERENCES 3 PREAMBLE A complex and diversified geology endows Portugal with a...ornamental stones and some other mineral substances. Portugal is presently one of the main UE producers of copper...sulphide deposits like Neves-Corvo and Aljustrel, in Portugal, Rio Tinto, Sotiel, Los Frailes, Las Cruces, etc |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | of HydrothermalAlteration at the Salgadinho Copper Deposit, Portugal I. R. Plimer 1 and D. de Carvalho...Servi(;os Geol6gicos de Portugal, Lisboa, Portugal T h e recently discovered Salgadinho copper deposit, 7...7 k m N N E of S. Luis, Portugal is located in the southernmost linear bell of outcropping low m e t a...(pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, galena, bournonite). No exhalative C u - Z n or Z n -...celadonitic fluoro-muscovite with mineralisation at Salgadinho and most other deposits of the Iberian Pyrite |  | Munha, J., Barriga, F. J. A. S., Kerrich, R. (1986) High 18 O ore-forming fluids in volcanic-hosted base metal massive sulfide deposits; geologic, 18 O/ 16 O, and D/H evidence from the Iberian pyrite belt; Crandon, Wisconsin; and Blue Hill, Maine. Economic Geology, 81 (3) 530-552 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.81.3.530 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Geologia,Faculdadede Ciencias,1294 LisboaCODEX, Portugal AND R. KERRICH Departmentof Geology,Universityof...to -12 per mil. In the stockwork of the BlueHill mine,quartz(b180= 13.1-13.7%o),muscovite (•180 = 9.3-10...POST-HERCYNIAN COVER I< •+1•" 1 ................. 5• B ALENTEJO FLY$CH (M•RTOLA FM IN THE LPB) FIG. 1. Geologicmapof...per rail (seeFig. 2). (For a description of the mine •18Ofiuid values.However,the preservation of a sys-...sponsible for the regionalextreme•O enrichmentof At Salgadinho, basemetal mineralizationis present felsic volcanic |  | Leistel, J. M., Marcoux, E., Thiéblemont, D., Quesada, C., Sánchez, A., Almodóvar, G. R., Pascual, E., Sáez, R. (1997) The volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt. Mineralium Deposita, 33 (1) 2-30 doi:10.1007/s001260050130 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | ``thin-skinned'' y acrecioÂn del terreno constituõÂ do por la Zona Sudportuguesa al bloque continental paleozoico...mines closing over the last two decades. Only ®ve mine sites are still active in the belt today. Four of...FiloÂn Sur gossan by Caledonia). The only mine in Portugal is Neves-Corvo which is being worked by Somincor...The suture zone is materialized 5 along the Pulo do Lobo Zone (Fig. 1B) by a complexly imbricated sequence...(Aljustrel); CC: Canal Caveira; CH: ChancËa; CO: Cercal Odemira; FE: Feitais (Aljustrel); GA: GaviaÄo; |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Diagana et al. (1999) Neves-Corvo Rio Tinto Salgadinho Tharsis, La Zarza Stockwork veins Late to postCrosscutting...Stockwork Qtz, Chl 210–230 0–1.3 –5 to +8 n.a. Salgadinho Stockwork Qtz, Ser 230 4 –10 to 0 n.a....quartz-hosted primary fluid inclusions in the Salgadinho Cu(–Au) stockwork deposit. Dominant water References...studies have been proven to be a useful tool in mine-scale exploration (e.g. d18O as an alteration marker;...reported d18O and dD data for the Aljustrel, Salgadinho and Rio Tinto deposits. Munhá et al. (1986) |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | consist of pyrite, with subordinated sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite and many other minor phases, although...Spain to the Atlantic Ocean, south of Lisbon, in Portugal (Fig. 1), making a belt in which very many massive...AznalcoÂllar in Spain, or Neves Corvo and Aljustrel in Portugal. Even after continuous metal extraction for more...PQ Group 0 30 km Culm Group Chança Group Pulo do Lobo Group and, as a consequence, sulphide reserves...comprehension of facts and undoubtedly stimulating, do not re¯ect the individual character of the IPB. We |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Metallogenesis at the Neves Corvo VHMS deposit (Portugal): A contribution from the study of fluid inclusions...Geologia, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4099-007 Porto, Portugal A R T I C L E I N...online 8 May 2008 Keywords: Iberian Pyrite Belt Portugal Neves Corvo Fluid inclusions A B S T R A C T...rights reserved. 1. Introduction The Neves Corvo mine, located in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB; Fig.1)...1), is the second most important copper mine in Europe. It exploits the richest ore deposit ever found |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | the Neves-Corvo deposit, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal J. R. S. CARVALHO1,2,*, J. M. R. S. RELVAS1, A...Lisboa, Portugal Sustainable Innovation Centre, ISQ, Qeiras Taguspark, 2740-120 Porto Salvo, Portugal Helmholtz-Zentrum...Somincor - Lundin Mining, Neves Corvo mine, 7780 Castro Verde, Portugal [Received 1 March 2017; Accepted 10...Neves-Corvo volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposit, Portugal. The distribution of these ore metals in the deposit...ore minerals, but galena is the main Se-carrier. On average, the Se content in galena is ∼50 times greater |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Pyrite Belt (IPB), SW Iberian Peninsula, Spain and Portugal, one of the most famous and oldest mining districts...Spain, to the Atlantic Ocean, south of Lisboa, in Portugal, making up a belt of about 230 km in length and...are currently mined in Neves Corvo (Cu, Sn) in Portugal and Sotiel-Coronada (S, 0169-1368/96/$15.00 Copyright...o n i PQGroup~._~ ~] c ~ Chan~ Group Pulo do Lobo Group ~ '~L ~: L ~ : : : : ° rocks ~ , ~ o...and purple shales. The Culm group (in Portugal, Baixo Alentejo Flysch group, Oliveira, 1983) is a thick |  | Chen, Hui, Ni, Pei, Wang, Ru-Cheng, Wang, Guo-Guang, Zhao, Kui-Dong, Ding, Jun-Ying, Zhao, Chao, Cai, Yi-Tao, Xu, Ying-Feng (2015) A combined fluid inclusion and S–Pb isotope study of the Neoproterozoic Pingshui volcanogenic massive sulfide Cu–Zn deposit, Southeast China. Ore Geology Reviews, 66. 388-402 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.11.002 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | tennantite, tetrahedrite and magnetite, with minor galena. Gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, chlorite...tennantite,tetrahedrite and magnetite, with minor galena. Chalcopyrite is the most important Cu-bearing...mostly sphalerite, pyrite and barite with minor galena, whereas zone II is characterized by abundant pyrite...Spooner and Bray (1977) Toscano et al. (1997) Salgadinho (IPB) EPR 14°N Primary Primary Stock work Massive...and Bray, 1977), Aljustrel in Portugal (Toscano et al., 1997), Salgadinho in Brazil (Inverno et al., 2000) |  | | Report (volume) | | spatially associated with intrusions and volcanic rocks. Do the metals in most deposits come from magmas, or...the composition of basement crystalline rocks than do coeval igneous rocks. In the first chapter in this...value to additional exploration in this part of Portugal and to future work in similar climatological and...flows within individual members of the Bandelier Tuff do not have significant differences in their Pb isotope...Snowstorm Mountains, middle Miocene volcanic rocks do not extend to the east or west, and related mineral |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | adjacent shale–greywacke assemblage, known as the Pulo do Lobo terrane (Quesada et al., 1994; Fig. 5). The...(Fonseca et al., 1999). (c) Further south the Pulo do Lobo terrane occupies a wide zone of similar lateral...mineralisation; (e) the ore-bearing sequences at mine scale in both areas are dominated by acidic volcanic...(2000) in quartz in stockwork-like veins at Salgadinho, Portugal (no massive sulphide ore is present), and...Hellyer, Tasmania. The Lusk and Krouse inclusions do not contain CO2 which is found in inclusions in the |  | Solomon, M., Tornos, F., Large, R.R., Badham, J.N.P., Both, R.A., Zaw, Khin (2004) Zn–Pb–Cu volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits: criteria for distinguishing brine pool-type from black smoker-type sulphide deposition. Ore Geology Reviews, 25 (3) 259-283 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2004.01.003 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Tharsis and the orebodies at Aljustrel (Spain and Portugal). Recently published fluid inclusion data for...Large and Blundell, 2000 13 0.6 1.6 Pasminco mine staff, pers. comm., 2000 McArthur and Dronseika...(25%, McArthur, 1996) and Rosebery (13%, Pasminco mine staff, pers. comm, 2000). b 262 M. Solomon et...of a single, massive lens of pyrite-sphalerite-galena-arsenopyrite-chalcopyrite (in order of abundance)...– salinity data, or the fluids of the inclusions do not represent the ore-forming fluids (Solomon and |  | de Oliveira, D. P. S., Matos, J. X., Rosa, C. J. P., Rosa, D. R. N., Figueiredo, M. O., Silva, T. P., Guimaraes, F., Carvalho, J. R. S., Pinto, A. M. M., Relvas, J. R. M. S., Reiser, F. K. M. (2011) The Lagoa Salgada Orebody, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal. Economic Geology, 106 (7) 1111-1128 doi:10.2113/econgeo.106.7.1111 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | The Lagoa Salgada Orebody, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal D. P. S. DE OLIVEIRA,1,† J. X. MATOS,2 C. J. P...Geologia (LNEG), Apartado 7586, 2611-901 Alfragide, Portugal and CREMINER (Centro de Recursos Minerais, Mineralogia...Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C6, piso 3, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal 2 Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia...(LNEG), Rua Frei Amador Arrais, R/C, 7801-902 Beja, Portugal 3 Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia...Geologia (LNEG), Apartado 7586, 2611-901 Alfragide, Portugal, and CENIMAT/I3N, Materials Science Department |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | RUBANÉ AND MASSIVE ORES OF THE CORVO DEPOSIT, PORTUGAL SILVIA SERRANTI§ Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica...deposit, exploited at the Neves–Corvo mine, southern Portugal, were analyzed using electron and proton...geochemistry, cassiterite, proton microprobe, Portugal. SOMMAIRE Nous avons analysé un grand nombre...massifs de Corvo, exploité à la mine Neves–Corvo, dans le sud du Portugal; nous nous sommes servis de microsondes...appliquée, cassitérite, microsonde protonique, Portugal. § E-mail address: silvia@imagemp.ing.uniroma1 |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | retrogression and multiphase deformation. This suite (the Mine Sequence) is probably a deeper water sequence than...monotonous graded bedded deep water pelite suite. The Mine Sequence has undergone incipient pre-metamorphic...Fig. 1. Cross-section of the Mine Sequence, Section 30, Zinc Corporation Mine, Broken Hill 20 (amphibolite)...Broken Hill Orebody textures with the associated galena, sphalerite, calcite, bustamite and rhodonite....Fluorite rarely occurs as ellipsoidal masses in galena-sphalerite-rhodonite-spessartine-quartz assemblages |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Edifício C6, Piso 4, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal e-mail: jrelvas@fc.ul.pt J. B. Gemmell ARC Centre...salinities or very 18O-enriched (δ18O>5‰) ore fluids. We do not consider other criteria [e.g. variable salinity...deposits: Seedorf et al. 2005; Meinert et al. 2005), we do not consider them diagnostic of a magmatic–hydrothermal...zone, is less likely in VHMS systems as vadose zones do not develop subaqueously. Hence, we consider the...W/Sn-bearing quartz veins from northern and central Portugal (seven deposits: Carris, Lombo de Boi, Linhares |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | conglomerate of the uppermost PQ Group. San Jorge Mine. Drillhole PG-1, 162 m; scale bar: 4 cm. (D) Sedimentary...shown that the area is highly deformed and that the mine sequence is made up of several tectonically stacked...with interstitial sphalerite, chalcopyrite and galena. There is a wide variety of accessory minerals...Sotiel–Migollas, Cu and Zn–Pb rich zones are common, but do not show a well-defined distribution (Santos et al...they are significantly enriched in sphalerite, galena, barite, tetrahedrite and gold compared to other |  | Inverno, C. M. C., Solomon, M., Barton, M. D., Foden, J. (2008) The Cu Stockwork and Massive Sulfide Ore of the Feitais Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposit, Aljustrel, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal: A Mineralogical, Fluid Inclusion, and Isotopic Investigation. Economic Geology, 103 (1) 241-267 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.103.1.241 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Sulfide Deposit, Aljustrel, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal: A Mineralogical, Fluid Inclusion, and Isotopic...Inovação, Apartado 7586, 2720 Alfragide (Lisboa), Portugal, and Centro de Recursos Minerais, Mineralogia...Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C6, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal MICHAEL SOLOMON, Centre for Ore Deposit Research...orebody consists dominantly of pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite-tennantite, arsenopyrite...LA NT IC OC SA N CE FRAN N OS LISBOA PORTUGAL Lagoa Salgada Grândola MADRID IN SPA 38° |  | Almodóvar, G. R., Sáez, R., Pons, J. M., Maestre, A., Toscano, M., Pascual, E. (1997) Geology and genesis of the Aznalcóllar massive sulphide deposits, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain. Mineralium Deposita, 33 (1) 111-136 doi:10.1007/s001260050136 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | in previous works in areas presently covered by mine dumps (Coullaut et al. 1975; Hofstetter 1980). They...1983), as well as new information obtained from mine works and drill cores. Large thrust faults are prominent...vertical, NS Structure of the AznalcoÂllar open pit mine Fig. 5 Cross section (as deduced from drill hole...from the Los Frailes hidden orebody and Caridad mine, as well as on surface observations from the AznalcoÂllar...Framboidal pyrite with intergranular and ®ne rims of galena; B colloform texture composed by a nucleous of |  | | Book | | sses. 3. Geology-Spain-Congresses. 4. Geology-Portugal-Congresses. I. Dallmeyer, R. D., 1944- . II. Martinez-Garcia...Metamorphic Evolution of the South Portuguese/Pulo Do Lobo Zone J. MUNHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....Higgins and Wagner Gentis (1982), at the locality of Santiago de las Villas (Leon). The Alba Fm. (Genicera Fm...km E of Gijon (Asturias), in the La Camocha Coal Mine, where some 2300 m of a succession containing workable...Bashkirian in age. Only several metres above the base do the lowermost Moscovian fossils (Eofusulina triangula |  | Yang, Chengdong, Geng, Xinxia, Yang, Fuquan, Li, Qiang (2018) Metallogeny of the Sarsuk polymetallic Au deposit in the Ashele Basin, Altay Orogenic Belt, Xinjiang, NW China: Constraints from mineralogy, fluid inclusions, and He–Ar isotopes. Ore Geology Reviews, 100. 77-98 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.10.026 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | primarily pyrite, chalcopyrite, AC sphalerite, galena, and native gold, along with minor pyrrhotite,...pyrite–galena, galena–sphalerite, and (native gold, NU electrum)–pyrite–chalcopyrite–galena–sphalerite...includes pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena, with minor covellite. Chlorite, intergrown with...(Fig. 6C) and in fissures in pyrite (Fig. 5H, I). Galena generally has anhedral granular textures and irregular...but with rare particles up to 0.5 mm or larger. Galena is closely associated with sphalerite and appears |  | Cheng, Xihui, Yang, Fuquan, Zhang, Rui, Xu, Qiangfen, Li, Ning (2020) Metallogenesis and fluid evolution of the Huangtupo Cu–Zn deposit, East Tianshan, Xinjiang, NW China: Constraints from ore geology, fluid inclusion geochemistry, H–O–S isotopes, and U–Pb zircon, Re–Os chalcopyrite geochronology. Ore Geology Reviews, 121. 103469 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103469 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | assemblages are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena. It represents the main mineralization stage in...S-type FIs contain transparent daughter minerals that do not disappear during heating, with homogenization...found in other VMS deposits such as the Shakanai, Salgadinho, and Hellyer deposits in Japan, Brazil, and Australia...sphalerite, and galena predominate in the intermediate zone; and barite, sphalerite, galena, and pyrite are...Cu (Au) stockwork deposit of Salgadinho, Cercal, Pyrite Belt, SW Portugal—paragenetic sequence and fluid |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | some important sulphide ores; e.g. in the Falun mine. Geochemical studies of supracrustal and intrusive...ores consist of either massive, sulphide-rich (galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite)...disseminated through semimassive to massive sphalerite-galena bodies (D in Fig. 1). The ore horizons grade laterally...skarn-altered carbonates with disseminated magnetite, galena and sphalerite into marble (Geijer and Magnusson...Barnett, R.L., Kerrich, R. (1983) The Mattagami Lake Mine Archean Zn-Cu sulfide deposit, Quebec: hydrothermal |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | hanging-wall andesites, with samples near the Battle mine containing muscovite to phengitic muscovite (average...even in very fine grained rocks, can be used as mine-scale vectors to ore. Introduction MAPPING of hydrothermal...Andesite. Chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrite, and galena are the dominant sulfide minerals with lesser bornite...at Myra FIG. 4. Composite cross section of the mine sequence at Myra Falls, modified from Pearson (1993)...porphyry (SJ696, drill hole 18-976, 24 m, Battle mine). h. Strongly sericite–altered HW rhyolitic volcaniclastic |
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