Marjalahti meteorite, Viipuri, Ladoga Region, Republic of Karelia, Russiai
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Marjalahti meteorite | Meteorite Fall Location |
| Viipuri | - not defined - |
| Ladoga Region | Region |
| Republic of Karelia | Republic |
| Russia | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
61° 30' North , 30° 30' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Locality type:
Meteorite Class:
Meteoritical Society Class:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Lakhdenpokh’ya | 8,448 (2016) | 16.1km |
| Sortavala | 20,760 (2016) | 26.1km |
| Valaam | 200 (2013) | 27.0km |
| Khelyulya | 3,082 (2012) | 29.0km |
| Uukuniemi | 543 (2014) | 40.5km |
Pallasite, main group (PMG)
Fall, 1 June 1902; 45 kg
After a bolide accompanied by detonations, a 'stone' was seen to fall and subsequently broken into pieces. The 'stone' was actually a Pallasite, a relatively rare stony-iron meteorite composed of subequal amounts of Fe-Ni metal and Olivine. Marjalahti was only the second of 4 witnessed Pallasite falls and until the 1981 fall of Omolon it was the most massive Pallasite fall. Marjalahti itself was more iron than stone as its 89% metal content is at the high end of the Pallasite range. Other than that Marjalahti is a fairly normal Pallasite. As in many Pallasites, conspicuous Neumann bands in Kamacite are due to strong preterrestrial shock(s). Both olivine composition [Fa12] and metal composition [8% Ni] indicate that it is a 'main group' Pallasite. Minor amounts of troilite, schreibersite, chromite and merrillite are also present. A relatively long cosmic ray exposure age (~180 Ma) is reported in the literature and may be related to recent interest in possible exposure to trans-uranium cosmic rays. (See references)
While Pallasites represent only ~0.3% of all observed falls, they are more durable than many meteorite types and are frequently seen in museums where their olivine crystals now float in a sea of frozen Fe-Ni metal. The main mass is in Helsinki, but about 8 kg have been distributed to various museums.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsMineral List
8 valid minerals. 2 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.
Meteorite/Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Chromite Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4 Reference: Bunch, T. E. & Keil, K. (1970) Chromite and Ilmenite in non-chondritic meteorites. American Mineralogist 56 (1/2):146-157. (Jan/Feb 1971); Buseck, P.R. (1977) Pallasite meteorites-mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 41:711-740. |
| ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' Description: Olivine (Fa12) Reference: Mason, B. H. (1962) The Pallasites: American Museum Novitates, #2163. 19 pages.; Bunch, T. E. & Keil, K. (1970) Chromite and Ilmenite in non-chondritic meteorites. American Mineralogist 56 (1/2):146-157. (Jan/Feb 1971); Buseck, P.R. (1977) Pallasite meteorites-mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 41:711-740. |
| ⓘ Iron Formula: Fe Reference: Buseck, P.R. (1977) Pallasite meteorites-mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 41:711-740. |
| ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite Formula: (Fe,Ni) Reference: Buseck, P.R. (1977) Pallasite meteorites-mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 41:711-740. |
| ⓘ Keplerite (TL) Formula: Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7 Type Locality: Reference: Britvin, S.N., Galuskina, I.O., Vlasenko, N.S., Vereshchagin, O.S., Bocharov, V.N., Krzhizhanovskaya, M.G., Shilovskikh, V.V., Galuskin, E.V., Vapnik, Y., Obolonskaya, E.V. (2020): Keplerite, IMA 2019-108; in: CNMNC Newsletter 54. Eur. J. Mineral.: 32, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-275-2020; http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=16176 |
| ⓘ Merrillite Formula: Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 Description: Reading 'Merrillite' (extraterrestrial) for 'Whitlockite' (terrestrial) Reference: Buseck, P.R. & Holdsworth, E. (1977) Phosphate minerals in pallasite meteorites: Mineralogical Magazine 41 (317): 91-102. (March 1977) |
| ⓘ 'Meteoritic Iron' Description: Almost certainly contains kamacite, taenite, and plessite, but explicit observations of these phases is frequently omitted as 'understood.' Reference: Buseck, P.R. & Holdsworth, E. (1977) Phosphate minerals in pallasite meteorites: Mineralogical Magazine 41 (317): 91-102. (March 1977) |
| ⓘ Nazarovite (TL) Formula: Ni12P5 Type Locality: Reference: Britvin, S.N., Murashko, M.N., Krzhizhanovskaya, M.G., Vereshchagin, O.S., Vapnik, Y., Shilovskikh, V.V., Lozhkin, M.S., Obolonskaya, E.V. (2022) Nazarovite, Ni12P5, a new terrestrial and meteoritic mineral structurally related to nickelphosphide, Ni3P. American Mineralogist: 107: 1946-1951. doi:10.2138/am-2022-8219 ; Britvin S.N., Murashko M.N., Krzhizhanovskaya M.G., Vereshchagin O.S., Vapnik Y., Shilovskikh V.V., Lozhkin M.S. (2019): Nazarovite, IMA 2019-013. CNMNC Newsletter No. 50. Mineralogical Magazine, 31: doi: 10.1180/mgm.2019.46 |
| ⓘ Schreibersite Formula: (Fe,Ni)3P Reference: Mason, B. H. (1962) The Pallasites: American Museum Novitates, #2163. 19 pages.; Buseck, P.R. (1977) Pallasite meteorites-mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 41:711-740. |
| ⓘ Tetrataenite Formula: FeNi Reference: Jijin Yang, Joseph I. Goldstein & Edward R. D. Scott (2010) Main-group pallasites: Thermal history, relationship to IIIA irons and origin. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 74:4471-4492. |
| ⓘ Troilite Formula: FeS Reference: Mason, B. H. (1962) The Pallasites: American Museum Novitates, #2163. 19 pages.; Buseck, P.R. (1977) Pallasite meteorites-mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 41:711-740. |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Iron | 1.AE.05 | Fe |
| ⓘ | var. Kamacite | 1.AE.05 | (Fe,Ni) |
| ⓘ | Nazarovite (TL) | 1.BD.35 | Ni12P5 |
| ⓘ | Schreibersite | 1.BD.05 | (Fe,Ni)3P |
| ⓘ | Tetrataenite | 1.AE.10 | FeNi |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Troilite | 2.CC.10 | FeS |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Chromite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Keplerite (TL) | 8.AD. | Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7 |
| ⓘ | Merrillite | 8.AC.45 | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Meteoritic Iron' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| O | Oxygen | |
|---|---|---|
| O | ⓘ Keplerite | Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7 |
| O | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Keplerite | Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7 |
| Mg | ⓘ Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Nazarovite | Ni12P5 |
| P | ⓘ Keplerite | Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7 |
| P | ⓘ Schreibersite | (Fe,Ni)3P |
| P | ⓘ Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Troilite | FeS |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Keplerite | Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7 |
| Ca | ⓘ Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
| Cr | Chromium | |
| Cr | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Troilite | FeS |
| Fe | ⓘ Schreibersite | (Fe,Ni)3P |
| Fe | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) |
| Fe | ⓘ Tetrataenite | FeNi |
| Fe | ⓘ Iron | Fe |
| Ni | Nickel | |
| Ni | ⓘ Nazarovite | Ni12P5 |
| Ni | ⓘ Schreibersite | (Fe,Ni)3P |
| Ni | ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) |
| Ni | ⓘ Tetrataenite | FeNi |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Mason, B. H. (1962) American Museum Novitates, #2163. 19 pages.
Buseck, P.R. & Holdsworth, E. (1977) Phosphate minerals in pallasite meteorites: Mineralogical Magazine 41 (317): 91-102. (March 1977)
Buseck, P.R. (1977) Pallasite meteorites-mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 41:711-740.
Grady, M. M. (2000) Catalogue of Meteorites (5/e). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, New York, Oakleigh, Madrid, Cape Town. 690 pages.
Albrecht, A., Schnabel, C., Vogt, S., Xue, S., Herzog, G. F., Begemann, F., Weber, H. W., Middleton, R., Fink, D. & Klein, J. (2000) Light noble gases and cosmogenic radionuclides in Estherville, Budulan and other mesosiderites: Implications for exposure histories and production rates. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 35 (5): 975-986. (Sept 2000)
Yang, J., Goldstein, J.I. & Scott, E. R. D. (2010) Main-group pallasites: Thermal history, relationship to IIIA irons and origin. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 74:4471-4492.
Aleksandrov, A. B. & 9 others (2013) Tracks in Olivine Crystals from the Marjalahti and Eagle Station Pallasites: Identification of the Transuranic Nuclei in Galactic Cosmic Rays. 76th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting, Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Supplement: id.5265. (Sept 2013)
Britvin, S.N., Murashko, M.N., Krzhizhanovskaya, M.G., Vereshchagin, O.S., Vapnik, Y., Shilovskikh, V.V., Lozhkin, M.S., Obolonskaya, E.V. (2022) Nazarovite, Ni12P5, a new terrestrial and meteoritic mineral structurally related to nickelphosphide, Ni3P. American Mineralogist: 107: 1946-1951.
External Links
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php = Meteoritical Bulletin Database
http://www.encyclopedia-of-meteorites.com/test/Marjalahti_don_edwards.JPG = Image
http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2013/pdf/5265.pdf
http://www.encyclopedia-of-meteorites.com/test/Marjalahti_don_edwards.JPG = Image
http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2013/pdf/5265.pdf
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