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Canfieldite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Canfieldite (31)

Canfieldite Gallery Search Photos of Canfieldite

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Canfieldite

Colquechaca, Colquechaca Municipality, Chayanta Province, Potosí, Bolivia

Canfieldite

Colquechaca, Colquechaca Municipality, Chayanta Province, Potosí, Bolivia

Canfieldite

Colquechaca, Colquechaca Municipality, Chayanta Province, Potosí, Bolivia

Canfieldite

Colquechaca, Colquechaca Municipality, Chayanta Province, Potosí, Bolivia

Canfieldite

Colquechaca, Colquechaca Municipality, Chayanta Province, Potosí, Bolivia

Canfieldite

Colquechaca, Colquechaca Municipality, Chayanta Province, Potosí, Bolivia

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About CanfielditeHide

Frederick A. Canfield

Formula:

Ag₈SnS₆

May contain some Ge replacing Sn, and some Te or Se replacing S.

Colour:

Steel gray with reddish tint

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

2½

Specific Gravity:

6.2 - 6.3

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Member of:

Argyrodite Group

Name:

Named in 1893 by Samuel Lewis Penfield in honor of Frederick Alexander Canfield [April 7, 1849 Randolph, New Jersey, USA - July 3, 1926), of Dover, New Jersey, USA. Canfield was a mining engineer and mineral collector. Canfield's family was long interested in running the Dickerson Suckasunny Mining Company, with iron mines in Morris County, New Jersey. Much of Canfield's professional mining work was in New Jersey and Bolivia. Canfield was also a third generation mineral collector having acquired his great uncles' mineral collection as well as his own father's collection.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Colquechaca, Colquechaca Municipality, Chayanta Province, Potosí, Bolivia

Note that most "canfieldite" specimens from the type locality turn out on analysis to be Sn-bearing argyrodite. Caveat emptor.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

882

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:882:2

GUID
(UUID V4):

351e5eba-effa-42d8-be96-b2d7370bcd0f

IMA Classification of CanfielditeHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Type description reference:

Penfield, S.L. (1893) On canfieldite a new germanium mineral and on the chemical composition of argyrodite. American Journal of Science: 146: 107-113.

Classification of CanfielditeHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

2.BA.70

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
A : With Cu, Ag, Au

Dana 8th ed.:

2.5.6.2

2 : SULFIDES
5 : A_mB_nX_p, with (m+n):p = 3:2

Hey's CIM Ref.:

6.2.5

6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
2 : Sulphogermanates

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Cfi	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Cf	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of CanfielditeHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Steel gray with reddish tint

Comment:

Tarnishes black with blue to purple tint

Streak:

Greyish black

Hardness:

2½ on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₂₅=91 - 171 kg/mm² - Vickers

Tenacity:

Brittle

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal

Density:

6.2 - 6.3 g/cm³ (Measured) 6.311 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of CanfielditeHide

Anisotropism:

Generally isotropic, sometimes anomalous anisotropism

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R
400nm	33.0%
440nm	28.9%
480nm	27.2%
520nm	25.9%
560nm	25.2%
600nm	24.9%
640nm	24.8%
680nm	24.8%
700nm	24.9%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 33.0%.

Colour in reflected light:

Gray-white with violet tint

Chemistry of CanfielditeHide

Mindat Formula:

Ag₈SnS₆

May contain some Ge replacing Sn, and some Te or Se replacing S.

Elements listed:

Ag, S, Sn - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Ge,Fe,Te

Crystallography of CanfielditeHide

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Class (H-M):

mm2 - Pyramidal

Cell Parameters:

a = 15.298(2) Å, b = 7.548(1) Å, c = 10.699(1) Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 2.027 : 1 : 1.417

Unit Cell V:

1,235.41 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Crystals to 1cm with pseudo-octahedron and dodecahedron, botyroidal.

Twinning:

Commonly on {111}

Comment:

Space Group: P na21 or P nam (synthetic).

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0019044	Canfieldite	Bindi L, Nestola F, Guastoni A, Zorzi F, Peruzzo L, Raber T (2012) Te-rich canfieldite, Ag8Sn(S,Te)6, from Lengenbach Quarry, Binntal, Canton Valais, Switzerland: Occurrence, description and crystal structure The Canadian Mineralogist 50 111-118		2012	Lengenbach Quarry, Binntal, Canton Valais, Switzerland	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Canfieldite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Bindi L'
'Nestola F'
'Guastoni A'
'Zorzi F'
'Peruzzo L'
'Raber T'
_journal_name_full 'The Canadian Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 50 
_journal_year 2012
_journal_page_first 111
_journal_page_last 118
_publ_section_title
;
 Te-rich canfieldite, Ag8Sn(S,Te)6, from Lengenbach Quarry, Binntal,
 Canton Valais, Switzerland: Occurrence, description and crystal structure
;
_database_code_amcsd 0019044
_chemical_compound_source 'Lengenbach Quarry, Binntal, Canton Valais, Switzerland'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Ag7.998 Sn (S3.897 Te2.103)'
_cell_length_a 11.0003
_cell_length_b 11.0003
_cell_length_c 11.0003
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 1331.109
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      6.860
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'F -4 3 m'
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loop_
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_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
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_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Ag1   0.22170   0.00000   0.00000   0.42300   0.04580
Ag2   0.42938   0.42938   0.76192   0.45500   0.04650
Sn   0.25000   0.25000   0.25000   1.00000   0.03620
SX1   0.37500   0.37500   0.37500   0.58000   0.05020
TeX1   0.37500   0.37500   0.37500   0.42000   0.05020
SX2   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.78200   0.04900
TeX2   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.21800   0.04900
SX3   0.75000   0.75000   0.75000   0.79500   0.04900
TeX3   0.75000   0.75000   0.75000   0.20500   0.04900
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
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_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Ag1 0.04600 0.04570 0.04570 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00010
Ag2 0.04650 0.04650 0.04650 0.00000 0.00010 0.00010
Sn 0.03620 0.03620 0.03620 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
SX1 0.05020 0.05020 0.05020 0.00020 0.00020 0.00020
TeX1 0.05020 0.05020 0.05020 0.00020 0.00020 0.00020
SX2 0.04900 0.04900 0.04900 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
TeX2 0.04900 0.04900 0.04900 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
SX3 0.04900 0.04900 0.04900 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
TeX3 0.04900 0.04900 0.04900 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.114 Å	(100)
3.085 Å	(90)
1.8960 Å	(90)
2.727 Å	(70)
1.9129 Å	(70)
3.252 Å	(55)
3.232 Å	(55)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Geological Setting:

Late forming mineral in polymetallic veins.

Type Occurrence of CanfielditeHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Colquechaca, Colquechaca Municipality, Chayanta Province, Potosí, Bolivia

General Appearance of Type Material:

Crystals, to 1 cm

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

No defined type material.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Stephanite	Stannoidite	Stannite	Sphalerite	Pyrrhotite
Pyrargyrite	Polybasite	Marcasite	Jordanite	Galena
Freibergite Subgroup	Cassiterite	Arsenopyrite	Argyrodite	Acanthite

Reference:

Penfield, S.L. (1893) On canfieldite a new germanium mineral and on the chemical composition of argyrodite. American Journal of Science: 146: 107-113.

Other Language Names for CanfielditeHide

German:Canfieldit

Simplified Chinese:硫银锡矿
黑硫银锡矿

Spanish:Canfieldita

Varieties of CanfielditeHide

Tellurium-bearing Canfieldite	Canfieldite with a large portion of the sulfur replaced by tellurium. E.g.: 9.4 weight% S, 18.9% Te in Pirquitas mine, Argentina; 9.5% S, 17.9% Te in Julio Verne mine, Argentina; 13.95% S, 8.69% Te in Revelstoke mine, Canada. See also "tellurocanfieldite...
Tellurocanfieldite	Originally approved but approval has subsequently been withdrawn because a subsequent single-crystal structural analysis has shown that Te is disordered over the three sulphur sites and thus the material is in fact Te-rich canfieldite.

Relationship of Canfieldite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Argyrodite Group

Other Members of this group:

Alburnite	Ag₈GeTe₂S₄	Iso.
Argyrodite	Ag₈GeS₆	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
Putzite	(Cu_4.7Ag_3.3)GeS₆	Iso. 4 3m : F4 3m
Spryite	Ag₈(As³⁺_0.5As⁵⁺_0.5)S₆	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁

Forms a series with:

Argyrodite

Argyrodite-Canfieldite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

3 photos of Canfieldite associated with Silver	Ag
3 photos of Canfieldite associated with Stephanite	Ag₅SbS₄
2 photos of Canfieldite associated with Pyrargyrite	Ag₃SbS₃
1 photo of Canfieldite associated with Pearceite	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.BA.	Orileyite	(Fe,Cu)₂As
2.BA.	Alburnite	Ag₈GeTe₂S₄	Iso.
2.BA.	Dzierżanowskite	CaCu₂S₂	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
2.BA.	Makotoite	Ag₁₂(Cu₃Au)S₈	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
2.BA.	Xuwenyuanite	Ag₉Fe³⁺Te₂S₄	Iso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.BA.05	Chalcocite	Cu₂S	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.BA.05	Djurleite	Cu₃₁S₁₆	Mon. 2/m
2.BA.05	Geerite	Cu₈S₅	Trig. 3
2.BA.05	Roxbyite	Cu₉S₅	Tric. 1 : P1
2.BA.10	Anilite	Cu₇S₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.BA.10	Digenite	Cu₉S₅	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.BA.15	Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
2.BA.20	Bellidoite	Cu₂Se	Tet. 4/m : P4₂/n
2.BA.20	Berzelianite	Cu_2-xSe (x ≈ 0.12)	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
2.BA.25	Athabascaite	Cu₅Se₄	Orth.
2.BA.25	Umangite	Cu₃Se₂	Tet. 4 2m : P4 2₁m
2.BA.30	Rickardite	Cu₇Te₅	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn
2.BA.30	Weissite	Cu_2-xTe	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm
2.BA.35	Acanthite	Ag₂S	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.BA.35	Spryite	Ag₈(As³⁺_0.5As⁵⁺_0.5)S₆	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
2.BA.40	Mckinstryite	Ag_5-xCu_3+xS₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.BA.40	Stromeyerite	AgCuS	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.BA.40d	UM2003-13-S:AgAuCu	Ag₆AuCu₂S₅
2.BA.42	Honeaite	Au₃TlTe₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm
2.BA.45	Jalpaite	Ag₃CuS₂	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
2.BA.45	Kurilite	Ag₈Te₃Se	Trig. 3 : R3
2.BA.45	Selenojalpaite	Ag₃CuSe₂	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
2.BA.47	Spiridonovite	(Cu_1-xAg_x)₂Te	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3c1
2.BA.50	Eucairite	AgCuSe	Orth.
2.BA.50	Wuyanzhiite	Cu₂S	Tet. 4 2 2 : P4₃ 2₁ 2
2.BA.52	Argentite	Ag₂S	Iso.
2.BA.55	Aguilarite	Ag₄SeS	Mon. 2/m
2.BA.55	Naumannite	Ag₂Se	Orth. 2 2 2 : P2₁ 2₁ 2₁
2.BA.60	Cervelleite	Ag₄TeS	Mon. 2/m
2.BA.60	Hessite	Ag₂Te	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.BA.60	Chenguodaite	Ag₉Fe³⁺Te₂S₄	Orth.
2.BA.65	Henryite	(Cu,Ag)_3+xTe₂ , with x ~ 0.40	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3c
2.BA.65	Stützite	Ag_5-xTe₃, x = 0.24-0.36	Hex. 6 : P6
2.BA.70	Argyrodite	Ag₈GeS₆	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
2.BA.70	Putzite	(Cu_4.7Ag_3.3)GeS₆	Iso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.BA.75	Fischesserite	Ag₃AuSe₂	Iso. 4 3 2 : I4₁ 3 2
2.BA.75	Penzhinite	(Ag,Cu)₄Au(S,Se)₄	Hex. 6 2 2 : P6₃ 2 2
2.BA.75	Petrovskaite	AuAgS	Mon.
2.BA.75	Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂	Iso. 4 3 2 : I4₁ 3 2
2.BA.75	Uytenbogaardtite	Ag₃AuS₂	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
2.BA.80	Bezsmertnovite	(Au,Ag)₄Cu(Te,Pb)	Orth.
2.BA.80	Bilibinskite	PbCu₂Au₃Te₂	Iso.
2.BA.80	Bogdanovite	(Au,Te,Pb)₃(Cu,Fe)	Iso.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Industrial Uses:

Minor ore of tin and silver.

Internet Links for CanfielditeHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-882.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Canfieldite on Webmineral

Look for Canfieldite on Wikipedia

Look for Canfieldite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for CanfielditeHide

Reference List:

Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 203: 122-125.

Penfield, S.L. (1893) On canfieldite a new germanium mineral and on the chemical composition of argyrodite. American Journal of Science: 146: 107-113.

Penfield, S.L. (1894) On argyrodite and a new sulphostannate of silver from Bolivia. American Journal of Science: 147: 451-454.

Short, M.N. (1931) Microscopic determination of the ore minerals. United States Geological Survey, Bulletin 825: 204 pgs (83).

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.356-358

Ramdohr, Paul (1969) The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10027-x

Ontoyev, D.A., Troneva, N.V., Tsepin, A.I., Vyal'sov, L.N. (1971) First find of tellurium canfieldite. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 203: 169-171.

Harris, D.C., Owens, D.R. (1971) A tellurium-bearing canfieldite, from Revelstoke, B.C.. The Canadian Mineralogist: 10: 895-898.

Nekrasova, A.N., Borodaev, Yu.S.(1972) First discovery of Se-bearing canfieldite. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 203(4): 907-910.

Taguchi, Y., Kizawa, Y. (1973) Canfieldite from the Ikuno mine, Hyogo Prefecture. Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Japan: 11: 192-204.

Kvaček, M., Novák, F., Drábek, M. (1975) Canfieldite and silver-rich tetrahedrite from the Kutná Hora ore district. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 4: 171-179.

Podolskii, A., Riabeva, E., Iurkina, K., Rozhkov, I. (1977) 1st finding of pure canfieldite in USSR. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 235(5): 1174.

Wang, N. (1978) New data for Ag8SnS6 (canfieldite) and Ag8GeS6 (argyrodite). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 1978: 269-272.

Ohta, E. (1979) New occurrence of canfieldite and berthierite from the Toyoha Mine. Abst. Joint Meet. Soc. Mining Geol. Japan, Mineral. Soc. Japan, and Japan Assoc. Mineral. Petrol. Econ. Geol.: 96.

Soeda, A., Watanabe, M., Hoshino, K., Nakashima, K. (1984) Mineralogy of tellurium-bearing canfieldite from the Tsumo mine, SW Japan and its implications for ore genesis. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie. Abhandlungen: 150(1): 11-23.

Wimmers, D. (1985) Silver minerals of Panasqueira, Portugal: a new occurrence of Te-bearing canfieldite. Mineralogical Magazine: 49(354): 745-748.

Bindi, L., Nestola, F., Guastoni, A., Zorzi, F., Peruzzo, L., Raber, T. (2012) Te-rich canfieldite, Ag8Sn(S,Te)6, from Lengenbach quarry, Binntal, Canton Valais, Switzerland: occurrence, description and crystal structure. The Canadian Mineralogist, 50 (1) 111-118 doi:10.3749/canmin.50.1.111

Zhai, D., Bindi, L., Voudouris, P.C., Liu, J., Tombros, S.F., Li, K. (2019) Discovery of Se-rich canfieldite, Ag8Sn(S,Se)6, from the Shuangjianzishan Ag–Pb–Zn deposit, NE China: A multimethodic chemical and structural study. Mineralogical Magazine: 83: 419-426.

Novoselov, K., Belogub, E., Blinov, I. (2019) Te-canfieldite from the Lunnoe Au-U deposit (Aldan region, Republic of Yakutiya). МИНЕРАЛОГИЯ (Mineralogy): 5: 49-56.

(2023) Canfieldite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for CanfielditeHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Argentina
Jujuy Province Rinconada Department Mina Pirquitas ⓘ Pirquitas Mine	Coira et al. (1995) +2 other references
ⓘ Cortaderas Zone	Slater (2016)
San Miguel Open pit ⓘ Oploca Vein System	Paar et al. (2000)
Salta Province Los Andes department San Antonio de los Cobres Organullo mining district ⓘ Julio Verne mine	Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002)

Australia
Tasmania Northern Midlands municipality Rossarden mining district ⓘ Rex Hill Mine (Mt Rex Mine)	Bottrill et al. (2008)
West Coast municipality Zeehan mining district North Dundas ⓘ Renison Bell Mine (Renison Mine)	STILLWELL +1 other reference

Austria
Salzburg Tamsweg District Muhr Rotgülden Lower Rotgülden lake ⓘ Arsenic mine	Horner et al. (1997)
Upper Austria Schärding District Sankt Florian am Inn Allerding ⓘ Granite quarry	Horninger (1936) +1 other reference

Bolivia
Oruro Poopó Province ⓘ Poopó	Torres et al. (2019)
Potosí Antonio Quijarro Province Uyuni Municipality Carguaicollo Mine ⓘ Silver veins	Ahlfeld et al. (1964)
Chayanta Province Colquechaca Municipality ⓘ Colquechaca (TL)	Wilson (2001)
ⓘ Gallofa mine (Socavon Progreso)	James A. Ferraiolo
Sud Chichas Province Atocha Municipality Chocaya-Animas mining district (Animas-Chocaya mining district) ⓘ Ánimas Mine	Wilson (2001)
ⓘ Guadaloupe Mine	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
ⓘ Tatasí	Wilson (2001)

Canada
British Columbia ⓘ Revelstoke Mining Division	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
Mount Cotterell ⓘ Snowflake Mine	Peatfield (n.d.)
New Brunswick Gloucester Co. Beresford Parish ⓘ Nigadoo Mine (Nigadoo River Mine)	dnre-mrne.gnb.ca (2006)

China
Fujian Nanping Jianyang District ⓘ Shuiji Pb-Zn-(Ag) deposit	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
ⓘ Fengshanlin ore block	Anthony
Guangdong Heyuan Lianping Co. ⓘ Dajianshan Mine	Weining Zhou (1994)
Yunfu Yuncheng District ⓘ Chadong Ag-Au deposit	Canhui Huang (1991) +1 other reference
Guangxi Hechi Nandan County Dachang Sn-polymetallic ore field ⓘ Lamo-Longxianggai Cu-Zn deposit (Lame-Longxianggai Cu-Zn deposit)	Weining Zhou (1994)
Hezhou Zhongshan Co. Shanhu W-Sn ore field (Shanhu Mine) ⓘ Changyingling W-Sn deposit (Zhangyingling W-Sn deposit)	Yunying Shu and Peiling Zhou (1990)
Hunan Chenzhou Guiyang Co. ⓘ Baoshan ore field (Baoshan Mine)	Zhengqin Li (1991)
Huangshaping Pb-Zn-polymetallic ore field ⓘ Huangshaping Mine	Zhengqin Li (1991)
Linwu Co. Xianghualing Sn-polymetallic ore field ⓘ Xianghualing Mine	Zhengqin Li (1991) +1 other reference
Yizhang Co. Dongpo ore field ⓘ Hengshanling-Shexingping Pb-Zn-Ag deposit	Weining Zhou (1994)
ⓘ Shizhuyuan Mine	Yi Li and Youbin Liang (1991) +1 other reference
Inner Mongolia Chifeng City (Ulanhad League; Chifeng Prefecture) Bairin Left Banner (Balin Zuoqi) ⓘ Shuangjianzishan Ag-polymetallic deposit	Yongsheng Kuang et al. (2014) +3 other references
ⓘ Xinglongshan Ore Block	Shi et al. (2024)
Linxi County ⓘ Baiyine’lebu Ag-Pb-Zn-F deposit	Wang et al. (2022)
Hinggan League (Xing'an Prefecture) Horqin Right Middle Banner (Ke'erqin Youyi Zhongqi) ⓘ Mongon Tolgoi Mine (Meng'entaoleigai Mine; Meng'entaolegai Mine)	Tianwei Guo and Zhongwen Han (1990) +1 other reference
Hulunbuir City (Hulunbei'er Prefecture) New Barag Right Banner (Xin Barag Youqi) ⓘ Eren Tolgoi Ag-Au deposit (Erentaoleigai Ag-Au deposit; Erentaolegai Ag-Au deposit) ?	Zhicheng Lu et al. (2002)
Jiangxi Ganzhou Dayu Co. Xihuashan ore field ⓘ Dangping Mine	Weining Zhou (1994)
Shangrao Wannian Co. ⓘ Hujiajian Ag-Au deposit (Wannian Ag-Au deposit)	Leiming Xu et al. (1993)
Yingtan Guixi Co. Lengshuikeng Ag-Pb-Zn-Au deposit ⓘ Xiabao ore block	Ran Lu et al. (2012)
Liaoning Huludao Jianchang County ⓘ Bajiazi Zn-Pb-Ag deposit	Xuehui Xia et al. (2003)
ⓘ Wujiatun section	Xuehui Xia et al. (2003)
Qinghai Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Dulan County ⓘ Nageng Ag-polymetallic deposit	Chen et al. (2022)
Tibet Nagchu Prefecture (Naqu Prefecture) Seni District ⓘ Youkalang Pb-Ag deposit (Youqialang Pb-Ag deposit)	Zhixing Feng et al. (2010) +1 other reference

Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Kutná Hora District Kutná Hora ⓘ Kaňk
ⓘ Rejská	Anthony et al. (1990)
ⓘ Příbram District	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
Karlovy Vary Region Cheb District Aš ⓘ Vernéřov	Steffen Möckel analysis

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Cantal Aurillac Laroquebrou Saint-Santin-Cantalès ⓘ Le Cazaret
Saint-Flour Molèdes ⓘ Fournial Mine	R. Pierrot
Brittany Finistère Châteaulin Poullaouen Locmaria-Berrien ⓘ Poullaba vein	R.PIERROT et al. (1973)

Germany
Saxony Mittelsachsen Brand-Erbisdorf ⓘ Himmelsfürst Mine	Hofmann (1986)

Greece
South Aegean Tinos Tinos Island ⓘ Apigania Bay	Tombros (2008)

Greenland
Sermersooq Arsuk Fjord ⓘ Ivigtut Mine	Petersen et al. (1993)

India
Haryana Bhiwani District ⓘ Tosham Sn-Cu Prospect	Murao et al. (2008)
Rajasthan Bhilwara District ⓘ Rampura-Agucha Zn-(Pb) deposit	Khan et al. (2021)

Indonesia
Banten Province Cikotok Gold District ⓘ Cirotan mine	Marcoux et al. (1993) +2 other references
West Java Province ⓘ Cisungsang	Yuningsih et al. (2014)

Japan
Aomori Prefecture Minamitsugaru District Ikarigaseki ⓘ Yunosawa mine	Shimizu et al. (1998)
Gifu Prefecture Hida City Kamioka mine ⓘ Mozumi deposit	MARIKO et al. (1996)
Hokkaidō Prefecture Ishikari Subprefecture Sapporo City Minami-ku ⓘ Toyoha mine	Min. Jour. (Japan) +2 other references
Hyogo Prefecture Asago City Ikuno-cho-ono ⓘ Ikuno mine	Mineralogical Society of America - ... +1 other reference
Shisou City ⓘ Ohmidani mine (Omidani mine)	Nakamura et al. (1973)
Kagoshima Prefecture Ibusuki City Iwato mine ⓘ Iwashita pit	Econ Geol (1989)
Shimane Prefecture Masuda City ⓘ Tsumo mine	Soeda et al. (1984)
ⓘ Maruyama mine	SOEDA et al. (1982)
Tochigi Prefecture Nikko City Ashio ⓘ Ashio mine (Ashio copper mine)	Nakamura et al. (1973)
Kuriyamamura ⓘ Nishizawa mine	Shimizu et al. (2007)

Peru
Ancash Bolognesi Province Huallanca District Huanzala ⓘ Huanzala Mine	Econ Geol (1985)
Lima Oyón Province Oyón District ⓘ Uchucchacua Mine	EDS Analysis Frank Keutsch +1 other reference

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Karkonosze County Szklarska Poręba Mount Spławna ⓘ Czerwony Potok quarry	Kozłowski et al. (2022)

Portugal
Castelo Branco Covilhã ⓘ Panasqueira Mines	D. Wimmers (1985)
Vila Real Sabrosa ⓘ Vale das Gatas Mines (São Lourenço de Riba Pinhão and Souto Maior)	Gaspar +1 other reference

Romania
Alba County Bucium Bucium ⓘ Bucium Tarnita porphyry Cu-Au deposit	Cioacă et al. (2014)
Lupșa Mușca ⓘ Roșia Poieni Mine	Cioacă et al. (2014)
Roșia Montană ⓘ Roşia Montană	Gheorghe C. POPESCU (2011)
Hunedoara County Buceș Stănija ⓘ Larga	Cook et al. (2003) +1 other reference

Russia
Buryatia Muysky District Muya ⓘ Kedrovskoe Gold Deposit	Chugaev et al. (2017)
Kamchatka Krai Yelizovsky District ⓘ Mutnovskoe	[Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180] +1 other reference
Magadan Oblast ⓘ Karamken deposit	Mineralogical Society of America - ... +2 other references
Omsukchansky District Ducat ore field ⓘ Gol’tsovoe Ag–Pb–Zn-deposit	Savva et al. (2021)
Engteri ore cluster ⓘ Dzhulietta deposit	Пальянова et al. (2016)
ⓘ Julietta deposit	Palyanova et al. (2016) +1 other reference
ⓘ Rogovik deposit	R.G. Kravtsova et al. (2015) +1 other reference
ⓘ Seymchan ore cluster	Goryachev et al. (2014)
Primorsky Krai Dalnegorsk Urban District Dalnegorsk ⓘ Krasnogorskoe Pb-Zn deposit	Simanenko et al. (2015)
Krasnoarmeysky District Arminsky ore district Vostok ⓘ Vostok-2 Mine
Pozharsky District ⓘ Lermontovskoe W-Au deposit (Lermontovo)
ⓘ Sinancha Sn deposit	Dobrovol’skaya et al. (2008)
Sakha Aldan El'konskii Gorst ⓘ Lunnoe Au-U deposit	Novoselov et al. (2019) +1 other reference
Olekma area Tabornoe gold deposit ⓘ Gross mine	Kondratieva et al. (2021)
Sarychev Range ⓘ Kupol'noe Ag–Sn deposit	Gamyanin G.N. et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Verkhoyansk District ⓘ Zaderzhninskoe gold deposit	L.A. Kondrat’eva +2 other references
Verkhoyansk Fold Belt Verkhoyansk Silver Province Deputatsky ore cluster ⓘ Bulat Sn-Ag deposit	Pavlova et al. (2009)
ⓘ Burevestnik Sn-Ag deposit	Pavlova et al. (2009)
ⓘ Inary Sn-Ag deposit	Pavlova et al. (2009)
ⓘ Prognoz Sn-Ag deposit	Pavlova et al. (2009)
Southern Verkhoyansk District ⓘ Menkechenskoe Sn-Ag deposit	Pavlova et al. (2009)
Western Verkhoyansk District Mangazeisky ore cluster ⓘ Mangazeiskoe Sn-Ag deposit	Pavlova et al. (2009)
ⓘ Yana-Kolyma fold belt	Nekrasov et al. (1988) +1 other reference
Zabaykalsky Krai Olovyanninsky District Kukulbeisky ore district ⓘ Belukha W deposit	Mineralogical Society of America - ...

Slovakia
Prešov Region Prešov District Zlatá Baňa ⓘ Zlatá Baňa deposit	Duda et. all.
ⓘ Base metal deposit	Ďuďa R. (2001)

Spain
Andalusia Almería Cuevas del Almanzora Las Herrerías ⓘ Las Herrerías Mines	Navarro et al. (2009)

Switzerland
Valais Goms Binn Fäld ⓘ Lengenbach Quarry	Bindi et al. (2012) +1 other reference

USA
Arizona Cochise County ⓘ Bisbee	Anthony et al. (1995)
ⓘ Campbell Mine	Anthony et al. (1995)
Colorado Lake County Iron Hill ⓘ A.Y. Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ Minnie Pump Shaft	Eckel et al. (1997)
Montana Silver Bow County Butte Mining District (Summit Valley Mining District) Walkerville ⓘ Lexington Mine	King (n.d.)
Nevada Lander County Lewis Mining District ⓘ Dean Mine (Cumberland mine)	Min.Rec.:20 (5)
McCoy Mining District ⓘ Cove mine (McCoy-Cove mine; McCoy mine)	Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Nye County Hot Creek Range ⓘ Morey Mining District	Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999
ⓘ Keyser Mine	In the collection of Brent Thorne. XRD ...

Uzbekistan
Navoiy Central Kyzylkum Region Bel'tau Mountains ⓘ Vysokovol'tnoye Ag-Au deposit (Vysokovoltnoye)	Pekov (1998)
Tashkent Region Ohangaron District ⓘ Kockbulak mine (Kochbulak Au-Ag-Te deposit)	Evseev (1995)

Vietnam
Tuyên Quang Province Na Hang District ⓘ Cho Dien Mine	B. Fojt & I. Kusinir (2001)

Canfieldite

About CanfielditeHide

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Optical Data of CanfielditeHide

Chemistry of CanfielditeHide

Crystallography of CanfielditeHide

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