Frost, C. D., von Blanckenburg, F., Schoenberg, R., Frost, B. R., Swapp, S. M. (2007) Preservation of Fe isotope heterogeneities during diagenesis and metamorphism of banded iron formation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 153 (2) 211-235 doi:10.1007/s00410-006-0141-0

References Listed

These are the references the publisher has listed as being connected to the article. Please check the article itself for the full list of references which may differ. Not all references are currently linkable within the Digital Library.

	Anbar, A.D., Jarzecki, A.A., Spiro, T.G. (2005) Theoretical investigation of iron isotope fractionation between Fe(H2O)63+ and Fe(H2O)62+: Implications for iron stable isotope geochemistry. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69 (4) 825-837 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.06.012
	Andersen, David J., Lindsley, Donald H., Davidson, Paula M. (1993) QUILF: A pascal program to assess equilibria among FeMgMnTi oxides, pyroxenes, olivine, and quartz. Computers & Geosciences, 19 (9) 1333-1350 doi:10.1016/0098-3004(93)90033-2
	Andrews MS, Ripley EM (1989) Mass transfer and sulfur fixation in the contact aureole of the Duluth Complex, Dunka Road Cu–Ni deposit, Minnesota. Can Mineral 27:293–310
	Aragon, R., McCallister, R. H., Harrison, H. R. (1984) Cation diffusion in titanomagnetites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 85 (2) 174-185 doi:10.1007/bf00371707
	Arnold, G. L., Weyer, S., Anbar, A. D. (2004) Fe Isotope Variations in Natural Materials Measured Using High Mass Resolution Multiple Collector ICPMS. Analytical Chemistry, 76 (2). 322-327 doi:10.1021/ac034601v
	Barghoorn, E. S., Tyler, S. A. (1965) Microorganisms from the Gunflint Chert: These structurally preserved Precambrian fossils from Ontario are the most ancient organisms known. Science, 147 (3658). 563-575 doi:10.1126/science.147.3658.563
	Beard, Brian L., Johnson, Clark M. (2004) Inter-mineral Fe isotope variations in mantle-derived rocks and implications for the Fe geochemical cycle. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68 (22) 4727-4743 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.04.023
	Beard, Brian L., Johnson, Clark M., Skulan, Joseph L., Nealson, Kenneth H., Cox, Lea, Sun, Henry (2003) Application of Fe isotopes to tracing the geochemical and biological cycling of Fe. Chemical Geology, 195 (1) 87-117 doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(02)00390-x
	BERMAN, R. G. (1988) Internally-Consistent Thermodynamic Data for Minerals in the System Na2O-K2O-CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-H2O-CO2. Journal of Petrology, 29 (2) 445-522 doi:10.1093/petrology/29.2.445
	Bonnicheson B (1969) Metamorphic pyroxenes and amphiboles in the Biwabik Iron Formation, Dunka River area, Minnesota. Mineral Soc Am Spec Pap 2:217–239
	Bonnichsen, Bill (1975) Geology of the Biwabik Iron Formation, Dunka River area, Minnesota. Economic Geology, 70 (2) 319-340 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.70.2.319
	Brantley, Susan L., Liermann, Laura J., Guynn, Robin L., Anbar, Ariel, Icopini, Gary A., Barling, Jane (2004) Fe isotopic fractionation during mineral dissolution with and without bacteria. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68 (15) 3189-3204 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.01.023
	Bullen, Thomas D., White, Arthur F., Childs, Cyril W., Vivit, Davisson V., Schulz, Marjorie S. (2001) Demonstration of significant abiotic iron isotope fractionation in nature. Geology, 29 (8) 699 doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0699:dosaii>2.0.co;2
	Carmichael, Dugald M. (1969) On the mechanism of prograde metamorphic reactions in quartz-bearing pelitic rocks. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 20 (3) 244-267 doi:10.1007/bf00377479
	Chakraborty, Sumit (1997) Rates and mechanisms of Fe-Mg interdiffusion in olivine at 980°-1300°C. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 102. 12317-12331 doi:10.1029/97jb00208
	Chang, Shin-Bin R., Stolz, John F., Kirschvink, Joseph L., Awramik, Stanley M. (1989) Biogenic magnetite in stromatolites. II. Occurrence in ancient sedimentary environments. Precambrian Research, 43 (4) 305-315 doi:10.1016/0301-9268(89)90062-4
	Chu N-C, Johnson CM, Beard BL, German CR, Nesbitt RW, Usui A (2003) Secular Fe isotope variations in the central Pacific Ocean. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67:A66
	Clayton RN, Keefer SW (1991) O isotope thermometer calibration. In Taylor HP, O’Neil JR, Kaplan IR (eds) Stable isotope geochemistry: a tribute to Samuel Epstein. Geochemical Society Special Publication 3:3–10
	Dauphas, N. (2004) Clues from Fe Isotope Variations on the Origin of Early Archean BIFs from Greenland. Science, 306 (5704). 2077-2080 doi:10.1126/science.1104639
	Evans, Bernard W., Ghiorso, Mark S. (1995) Thermodynanics and petrology of cummingtonite. American Mineralogist, 80 (7) 649-663 doi:10.2138/am-1995-7-801
	Ferry, John M., Mutti, Laurence J., Zuccala, Gregory J. (1987) Contact metamorphism/hydrothermal alteration of Tertiary basalts from the Isle of Skye, northwest Scotland. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 95 (2) 166-181 doi:10.1007/bf00381266
	FLORAN, R. J., PAPIKE, J. J. (1975) Petrology of the Low-Grade Rocks of the Gunflint Iron-Formation, Ontario-Minnesota. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 86 (9) 1169 doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<1169:potlro>2.0.co;2
	FLORAN, R. J., PAPIKE, J. J. (1978) Mineralogy and Petrology of the Gunflint Iron Formation, Minnesota-Ontario: Correlation of Compositional and Assemblage Variations at Low to Moderate Grade. Journal of Petrology, 19 (2) 215-288 doi:10.1093/petrology/19.2.215
	Fralick, Philip, Davis, Don W, Kissin, Stephen A (2002) The age of the Gunflint Formation, Ontario, Canada: single zircon U–Pb age determinations from reworked volcanic ash. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 39 (7) 1085-1091 doi:10.1139/e02-028
	Freer, R., Hauptman, Z. (1978) An experimental study of magnetite-titanomagnetite interdiffusion. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 16 (3). 223-231 doi:10.1016/0031-9201(78)90015-8
	French BM (1968) Progressive contact metamorphism of the Biwabik Iron-Formation, Mesabi Range, Minnesota. Minnesota Geological Survey Bulletin 45:103
	Frost, B. R. (1979) Metamorphism of iron-formation; parageneses in the system Fe-Si-C-O-H. Economic Geology, 74 (4) 775-785 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.74.4.775
	Frost BR (1992a) Introduction to oxygen fugacity and its petrologic importance. Rev Mineral 25:1–9
	Frost BR (1992b) Magnetic petrology: factors that control the occurrence of magnetite in crustal rocks. Rev Mineral 25:489–509
	Frost, B.Ronald, Bucher, Kurt (1994) Is water responsible for geophysical anomalies in the deep continental crust? A petrological perspective. Tectonophysics, 231 (4) 293-309 doi:10.1016/0040-1951(94)90040-x
	Frost, B. Ronald, Chacko, Thomas (1989) The Granulite Uncertainty Principle: Limitations on Thermobarometry in Granulites. The Journal of Geology, 97 (4) 435-450 doi:10.1086/629321
	Frost BR, Lindsley DH, Andersen DJ (1988) Fe–Ti oxide-silicate equilibria: assemblages with fayalitic olivine. Am Mineral 73:727–740
	Gautier DL, Claypool GE (1984) Interpretation of metanic diagenesis in ancient sediments by analogy with processes in modern diagenetic environments. Am Assoc Petrol Geol Memoir 37:111–123
	Giletti, Bruno J. (1986) Diffusion effects on oxygen isotope temperatures of slowly cooled igneous and metamorphic rocks. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 77 (2) 218-228 doi:10.1016/0012-821x(86)90162-7
	Graham, S, Pearson, N, Jackson, S, Griffin, W, O'Reilly, S.Y (2004) Tracing Cu and Fe from source to porphyry: in situ determination of Cu and Fe isotope ratios in sulfides from the Grasberg Cu–Au deposit. Chemical Geology, 207 (3) 147-169 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.02.009
	Gundersen JN, Schwartz GM (1962) The geology of the metamorphosed Biwabik Iron-Formation, eastern Mesabi district, Minnesota. Minnesota Geological Survey Bulletin 43:139
	Han T-M (1978) Microstructures of magnetite as guides to its origin in some Precambrian iron-formations. Fortschritte der Mineralogie 56:105–142
	James, Harold Lloyd, Dutton, C.E., Pettijohn, F.J., Wier, K.L. (1968) Geology and ore deposits of the Iron River-Crystal Falls district, Iron County, Michigan. Professional Paper 570. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/pp570
	Johnson, Clark M., Beard, Brian L., Beukes, Nicolas J., Klein, Cornelis, O'Leary, Julie M. (2003) Ancient geochemical cycling in the Earth as inferred from Fe isotope studies of banded iron formations from the Transvaal Craton. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 144 (5) 523-547 doi:10.1007/s00410-002-0418-x
	Johnson CM, Beard B, Valley J, Valaas E (2005a) Preservation of Fe isotope proxies in the rock record. EOS abstract PP43B-0689
	Johnson, Clark M., Roden, Eric E., Welch, Susan A., Beard, Brian L. (2005) Experimental constraints on Fe isotope fractionation during magnetite and Fe carbonate formation coupled to dissimilatory hydrous ferric oxide reduction. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69 (4) 963-993 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.06.043
	Juneau P (1979) Origin and petrology of iron silicate-rich bodies in the Biwabik Iron Formation, Minnesota. Unpublished MS thesis, University of Minnesota-Duluth, 209
	Klein, C. (2005) Some Precambrian banded iron-formations (BIFs) from around the world: Their age, geologic setting, mineralogy, metamorphism, geochemistry, and origins. American Mineralogist, 90 (10) 1473-1499 doi:10.2138/am.2005.1871
	Knoll AH, Barghoorn ES, Awramik SM (1978) New microorganisms from the Aphebian Gunflint iron formation, Ontario. J Paleontol 52:976–992
	Konhauser, Kurt O (1998) Diversity of bacterial iron mineralization. Earth-Science Reviews, 43 (3) 91-121 doi:10.1016/s0012-8252(97)00036-6
	Konhauser, Kurt O., Hamade, Tristan, Raiswell, Rob, Morris, Richard C., Grant Ferris, F., Southam, Gordon, Canfield, Donald E. (2002) Could bacteria have formed the Precambrian banded iron formations?. Geology, 30 (12) 1079 doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1079:cbhftp>2.0.co;2
	LaBerge, Gene L. (1964) Development of magnetite in iron formations of the Lake Superior region. Economic Geology, 59 (7) 1313-1342 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.59.7.1313
	Lanier, William P. (1989) Interstitial and peloid microfossils from the 2.0 Ga Gunflint Formation: Implications for the paleoecology of the Gunflint Stromatolites. Precambrian Research, 45 (4) 291-318 doi:10.1016/0301-9268(89)90067-3
	Lattard, Dominique, Evans, Bernard W. (1992) New experiments on the stability of grunerite. European Journal of Mineralogy, 4 (2) 219-238 doi:10.1127/ejm/4/2/0219
	Liermann, Hanns-Peter, Ganguly, Jibamitra (2002) Diffusion kinetics of Fe2+ and Mg in aluminous spinel. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66 (16) 2903-2913 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(02)00875-x
	Lovley D (1990) Magnetite formation during microbial dissimilatory iron reduction. In: Frankel RB, Blakemore RP (eds) Iron biominerals. Plenum Press, New York, pp 151–166
	Lovley, Derek R., Stolz, John F., Nord, Gordon L., Phillips, Elizabeth J. P. (1987) Anaerobic production of magnetite by a dissimilatory iron-reducing microorganism. Nature, 330 (6145). 252-254 doi:10.1038/330252a0
	Markl G, von Blanckenburg F, Wagner T (2006) Iron isotope fractionation during hydrothermal ore deposition and alteration. Geochim et Cosmochim Acta 70: 3011–3030
	Matthews, Alan, Morgans-Bell, Helen S., Emmanuel, Simon, Jenkyns, Hugh C., Erel, Yigal, Halicz, Ludwik (2004) Controls on iron-isotope fractionation in organic-rich sediments (Kimmeridge Clay, Upper Jurassic, Southern England) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68 (14) 3107-3123 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.01.019
	Morey, G. B. (1992) Chemical composition of the eastern Biwabik Iron-Formation (early Proterozoic), Mesabi Range, Minnesota. Economic Geology, 87 (6) 1649-1658 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.87.6.1649
	Morey, G. B., Papike, J. J., Smith, R. W., Weiblen, P. W. (1972) GSA Memoir (135), Observations On the Contact Metamorphism of the Biwabik Iron-Formation, East Mesabi District, Minnesota. Geological Society of America p.225-264. doi:10.1130/mem135-p225
	Perry, E. C., Tan, F. C., Morey, G. B. (1973) Geology and Stable Isotope Geochemistry of the Biwabik Iron Formation, Northern Minnesota. Economic Geology, 68 (7) 1110-1125 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.68.7.1110
	Poitrasson, Franck, Freydier, Rémi (2005) Heavy iron isotope composition of granites determined by high resolution MC-ICP-MS. Chemical Geology, 222 (1) 132-147 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.07.005
	Poitrasson, Franck, Halliday, Alexander N., Lee, Der-Chuen, Levasseur, Sylvain, Teutsch, Nadya (2004) Iron isotope differences between Earth, Moon, Mars and Vesta as possible records of contrasted accretion mechanisms. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 223 (3) 253-266 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.04.032
	Polyakov, Veniamin B., Mineev, Sergey D. (2000) The use of Mössbauer spectroscopy in stable isotope geochemistry. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64 (5) 849-865 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00329-4
	Polyakov VB, Mineev SD, Clayton RN (2005) Iron and tin isotope equilibrium fractionation factors from Mössbauer and synchrotron radiation data. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69:A210
	RAISWELL, R., FISHER, Q. J. (2000) Mudrock‐hosted carbonate concretions: a review of growth mechanisms and their influence on chemical and isotopic composition. Journal of the Geological Society, 157 (1) 239-251 doi:10.1144/jgs.157.1.239
	Rasmussen MG, Evans BW, Kuehner SM (1998) Low temperature fayalite, greenalite, and minnesotaite from the Overlook gold deposit, Washington: phase relations in the system FeO-SiO2-H2O. Can Mineral 36:147–162
	Rouxel, O. J. (2005) Iron Isotope Constraints on the Archean and Paleoproterozoic Ocean Redox State. Science, 307 (5712). 1088-1091 doi:10.1126/science.1105692
	Schauble, E. A. (2004, January 1st) Applying Stable Isotope Fractionation Theory to New Systems. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Vol. 55. Mineralogical Society of America p.65-111. doi:10.2138/gsrmg.55.1.65
	Schauble, E.A., Rossman, G.R., Taylor, H.P. (2001) Theoretical estimates of equilibrium Fe-isotope fractionations from vibrational spectroscopy. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65 (15) 2487-2497 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(01)00600-7
	Schoenberg, Ronny, von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm (2005) An assessment of the accuracy of stable Fe isotope ratio measurements on samples with organic and inorganic matrices by high-resolution multicollector ICP-MS. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 242 (2). 257-272 doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2004.11.025
	Schoenberg R, Kamber BS, von Blanckenburg F (2005) Comparative stable Fe isotope systematics of terrestrial and meteoritic materials. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69:A398
	Rubin, Alan E., Wasson, John T. (2005) Non-spherical lobate chondrules in CO3.0 Y-81020: General implications for the formation of low-FeO porphyritic chondrules in CO chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69 (1) 211-220 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.06.019
	Sharma, M., Polizzotto, M., Anbar, A.D. (2001) Iron isotopes in hot springs along the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 194 (1) 39-51 doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(01)00538-6
	SIMONSON, BRUCE M. (1985) Sedimentological constraints on the origins of Precambrian iron-formations. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 96 (2) 244 doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<244:scotoo>2.0.co;2
	Simonson BM (1987) Early silica cementation and subsequent diagenesis in arenites from four Early Proterozoic iron formations of North America. J Sediment Petrol 57:494–511
	SIMMONS, E. C., LINDSLEY, D. H., PAPIKE, J. J. (1974) Phase Relations and Crystallization Sequence in a Contact-Metamorphosed Rock from the Gunflint Iron Formation, Minnesota. Journal of Petrology, 15 (3) 539-565 doi:10.1093/petrology/15.3.539
	Skulan, Joseph L., Beard, Brian L., Johnson, Clark M. (2002) Kinetic and equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation between aqueous Fe(III) and hematite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66 (17) 2995-3015 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(02)00902-x
	Samson, Sherry D., Nagy, Kathryn L., Cotton, Worth B. (2005) Transient and quasi-steady-state dissolution of biotite at 22–25°C in high pH, sodium, nitrate, and aluminate solutions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69 (2) 399-413 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.07.005
	Welch, S.A., Beard, B.L., Johnson, C.M., Braterman, P.S. (2003) Kinetic and equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation between aqueous Fe(II) and Fe(III) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67 (22) 4231-4250 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(03)00266-7
	Weyer, S, Schwieters, J.B (2003) High precision Fe isotope measurements with high mass resolution MC-ICPMS. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 226 (3). 355-368 doi:10.1016/s1387-3806(03)00078-2
	WEYER, S, ANBAR, A, BREY, G, MUNKER, C, MEZGER, K, WOODLAND, A (2005) Iron isotope fractionation during planetary differentiation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 240 (2) 251-264 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.023
	Wiesli, René A., Beard, Brian L., Johnson, Clark M. (2004) Experimental determination of Fe isotope fractionation between aqueous Fe(II), siderite and “green rust” in abiotic systems. Chemical Geology, 211 (3) 343-362 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.07.002
	Williams, H. M. (2004) Iron Isotope Fractionation and the Oxygen Fugacity of the Mantle. Science, 304 (5677). 1656-1659 doi:10.1126/science.1095679
	Winter, Bryce L., Knauth, L.Paul (1992) Stable isotope geochemistry of cherts and carbonates from the 2.0 Ga gunflint iron formation: implications for the depositional setting, and the effects of diagenesis and metamorphism. Precambrian Research, 59 (3) 283-313 doi:10.1016/0301-9268(92)90061-r
	Yamaguchi, Kosei E., Johnson, Clark M., Beard, Brian L., Ohmoto, Hiroshi (2005) Biogeochemical cycling of iron in the Archean–Paleoproterozoic Earth: Constraints from iron isotope variations in sedimentary rocks from the Kaapvaal and Pilbara Cratons. Chemical Geology, 218 (1) 135-169 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.01.020
	Zhu, X. (2000) Secular Variation of Iron Isotopes in North Atlantic Deep Water. Science, 287 (5460). 2000-2002 doi:10.1126/science.287.5460.2000
	Zhu, X.K., Guo, Y., Williams, R.J.P., O’Nions, R.K., Matthews, A., Belshaw, N.S., Canters, G.W., de Waal, E.C., Weser, U., Burgess, B.K., Salvato, B. (2002) Mass fractionation processes of transition metal isotopes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 200 (1) 47-62 doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(02)00615-5

See Also

These are possibly similar items as determined by title/reference text matching only.

	Frost, C. D., von Blanckenburg, F., Schoenberg, R., Frost, B. R., Swapp, S. M. (2008) Preservation of Fe isotope heterogeneities during diagenesis and metamorphism of banded iron formation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 155 (1) 135 doi:10.1007/s00410-007-0225-5
	Hyslop, Elizabeth Valaas, Valley, John W., Johnson, Clark M., Beard, Brian L. (2008) The effects of metamorphism on O and Fe isotope compositions in the Biwabik Iron Formation, northern Minnesota. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 155 (3) 313-328 doi:10.1007/s00410-007-0244-2
	Frost B R, Swapp S M, Gregory R W
	Beyer, C., Frost, D. J., Miyajima, N. (2015) Experimental calibration of a garnet–clinopyroxene geobarometer for mantle eclogites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 169 (2) doi:10.1007/s00410-015-1113-z
	Frost, B. R., Coe, R. S., Okamura, F. P. (1978) Principal stress directions from a natural occurrence of stress-induced clinoenstatite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 67 (2) 119-126 doi:10.1007/bf01046570
	Tuff, J., Gibson, S. A. (2007) Trace-element partitioning between garnet, clinopyroxene and Fe-rich picritic melts at 3 to 7 GPa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 153 (4) 369-387 doi:10.1007/s00410-006-0152-x
	Woodland, A. B., Schollenbruch, K., Koch, M., Boffa Ballaran, T., Angel, R. J., Frost, D. J. (2013) Fe4O5 and its solid solutions in several simple systems. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 166 (6) 1677-1686 doi:10.1007/s00410-013-0948-4
	Eberhard, Lisa, Plümper, Oliver, Frost, Daniel J. (2023) Early release of H2O during subduction of carbonated ultramafic lithologies. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 178 (3) doi:10.1007/s00410-023-01997-y
	Friend, C. R. L., Kinny, P. D., Love, G. J. (2007) Timing of magmatism and metamorphism in the Gruinard Bay area of the Lewisian Gneiss Complex: comparison with the Assynt Terrane and implications for terrane accretion—reply. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 153 (4) 489-492 doi:10.1007/s00410-006-0156-6
	Bouhifd, M. A., Besson, P., Courtial, P., Gérardin, C., Navrotsky, A., Richet, P. (2007) Thermochemistry and melting properties of basalt. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 153 (6) 689-698 doi:10.1007/s00410-006-0170-8
	Doroshkevich, A. G., Wall, F., Ripp, G. S. (2007) Magmatic graphite in dolomite carbonatite at Pogranichnoe, North Transbaikalia, Russia. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 153 (3) 339-353 doi:10.1007/s00410-006-0150-z