Harley, S. L. (1989) The origins of granulites: a metamorphic perspective. Geological Magazine, 126 (3) 215-247 doi:10.1017/s0016756800022330

Library Home Bookshelves View by Type Using Search

Books Catalogs/Sales Lists Journals Reports Thesis/Dissertation

Search for Books Search for Journals Manage Subjects Statistics Books without DDC/LCC

Bookshelves (DDC layout)Bookshelves (LCC layout)Latest Books

Advanced

Search inside 'Geological Magazine' only

- Only viewable:

Reference Type	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
Title	The origins of granulites: a metamorphic perspective
Journal	Geological Magazine
Authors	Harley, S. L.		Author
Year	1989 (May)	Volume	126
Page(s)	215-247	Issue	3
Publisher	Cambridge University Press (CUP)
DOI	doi:10.1017/s0016756800022330Search in ResearchGate
Mindat Ref. ID	254193	Long-form Identifier	mindat:1:5:254193:2
GUID	3e272154-9573-44a6-aec6-f4c5f8b88213
Full Reference	Harley, S. L. (1989) The origins of granulites: a metamorphic perspective. Geological Magazine, 126 (3) 215-247 doi:10.1017/s0016756800022330
Plain Text	Harley, S. L. (1989) The origins of granulites: a metamorphic perspective. Geological Magazine, 126 (3) 215-247 doi:10.1017/s0016756800022330
In	(1989, May) Geological Magazine Vol. 126 (3) Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Abstract/Notes	AbstractAlthough many recent reviews emphasize a uniformity in granulite pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions and paths, granulites in reality preserve a spectrum of important petrogenetic features which indicate diversity in their modes of formation. A thorough survey of over 90 granulite terranes or occurrences reveals that over 50% of them record P–T conditions outside the 7.5 ± 1 kbar and 800 ± 50 °C average granulite regime preferred by many authors. In particular, an increasing number of very high temperature (900−1000 °C) terranes are being recognized, both on the basis of distinctive mineral assemblages and geothermobarometry. Petrogenetic grid and geothermobarometric approaches to the determination and interpretation of P–T histories are both evaluated within the context of reaction textures to demonstrate that the large range in P–T conditions is indeed real, and that both near-isothermal decompression (ITD) and near-isobaric cooling (IBC) P–T paths are important. Amphibolite–granulite transitions promoted by the passage of CO2-rich fluids, as observed in southern India and Sri Lanka, are exceptional and not representative of fluid-related processes in the majority of terranes. It is considered, on the contrary, that fluid-absent conditions are typical of most granulites at or near the time of their recorded thermal maxima.ITD granulites are interpreted to have formed in crust thickened by collision, with magmatic additions being an important extra heat source. Erosion alone is not, however, considered to be the dominant post-collisional thinning process. Instead, the ITD paths are generated during more rapid thinning (1−2 mm/yr exposure) related to tectonic exhumation during moderate-rate or waning extension. IBC granulites may have formed in a variety of settings. Those which show anticlockwise P–T histories are interpreted to have formed in and beneath areas of voluminous magmatic accretion, with or without additional crustal extension. IBC granulites at shallow levels (< 5 kbar) may also be formed during extension of normal thickness crust, but deeper-level IBC requires more complex models. Many granulites exhibiting IBC at deep crustal levels may have formed in thickened crust which underwent very rapid (5 mm/yr) extensional thinning subsequent to collision. It is suggested that the preservation of IBC paths rather than ITD paths in many granulites is primarily related to the rate and timescale of extensional thinning of thickened crust, and that hybrid ITD to IBC paths should also be observed.Most IBC granulites, and probably many ITD granulites, have not been exposed at the Earth's surface as a result of the tectonic episodes which produced them, but have resided in the middle and lower crust for long periods of time (100−2000 Ma) following these events. The eventual exhumation of most granulite terranes only occur through their incorporation in later tectonic and magmatic events unrelated to their formation.

References Listed

These are the references the publisher has listed as being connected to the article. Please check the article itself for the full list of references which may differ. Not all references are currently linkable within the Digital Library.

	Weaver, B.L., Tarney, J., Windley, B.F., Sugavanam, E.B., Rao, V. Venkata (1978) Madras Granulites: Geochemistry and P-T Conditions of Crystallisation. In Archaean Geochemistry. Elsevier. p.177-204. doi:10.1016/s0166-2635(08)70098-7
	Waters, D. J., Whales, C. J. (1984) Dehydration melting and the granulite transition in metapelites from southern Namaqualand, S. Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 88 (3) 269-275 doi:10.1007/bf00380171
	*WATERS, D. J. (1986) Metamorphic History of Sapphirine-bearing and Related Magnesian Gneisses from Namaqualand, South Africa. Journal of Petrology, 27 (2) 541-565 doi:10.1093/petrology/27.2.541*
	Waters (1985) Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa 88, 323
	WARREN, R.G., HENSEN, B.J., RYBURN, R.J. (1987) Wollastonite and scapolite in Precambrian calc-silicate granulites from Australia and Antarctica. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 5 (2) 213-223 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1987.tb00380.x
	GRAHAM, COLIN M., POWELL, ROGER (1984) A garnet?hornblende geothermometer: calibration, testing, and application to the Pelona Schist, Southern California. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 2 (1) 13-31 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1984.tb00282.x
	*Wagner, M. E., Crawford, M. L. (1975) Polymetamorphism of the Precambrian Baltimore Gneiss in southeastern Pennsylvania. American Journal of Science, 275 (6) 653-682 doi:10.2475/ajs.275.6.653*
	Goldsmith (1977) American Mineralogist 62, 1063
	Vielzeuf, Daniel, Kornprobst, Jacques (1984) Crustal splitting and the emplacement of Pyrenean lherzolites and granulites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 67 (1) 87-96 doi:10.1016/0012-821x(84)90041-4
	GLASSLEY, W. E., SORENSEN, K. (1980) Constant Ps-T Amphibolite to Granulite Facies Transition in Agto (West Greenland) Metadolerites: Implications and Applications. Journal of Petrology, 21 (1) 69-105 doi:10.1093/petrology/21.1.69
	()
	*Frost, B. Ronald, Frost, Carol D. (1987) CO2, melts and granulite metamorphism. Nature, 327 (6122). 503-506 doi:10.1038/327503a0*
	Powers, Roger E., Bohlen, Steven R. (1985) The role of synmetamorphic igneous rocks in the metamorphism and partial melting of metasediments, Northwest Adirondacks. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 90 (4) 401-409 doi:10.1007/bf00384718
	Ferry, J. M., Spear, F. S. (1978) Experimental calibration of the partitioning of Fe and Mg between biotite and garnet. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 66 (2) 113-117 doi:10.1007/bf00372150
	Phillips, G. Neil, Wall, Victor J. (1981) Evaluation of prograde regional metamorphic conditions : their implications for the heat source and water activity during metamorphism in the Williyama Complex, Broken Hill, Australia. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 104 (6) 801-810 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1981.7529
	England (1986) Collisional Tectonics 19, 83
	Perkins III, Dexter, Essene, Eric J., Marcotty, Louise Annette (1982) Thermometry and barometry of some amphibolite–granulite facies rocks from the Otter Lake area, southern Quebec. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 19 (9) 1759-1774 doi:10.1139/e82-155
	ENGLAND, P. C., THOMPSON, A. B. (1984) Pressure--Temperature--Time Paths of Regional Metamorphism I. Heat Transfer during the Evolution of Regions of Thickened Continental Crust. Journal of Petrology, 25 (4) 894-928 doi:10.1093/petrology/25.4.894
	*Perkins, D., Newton, R. C. (1981) Charnockite geobarometers based on coexisting garnet—pyroxene—plagioclase—quartz. Nature, 292 (5819). 144-146 doi:10.1038/292144a0*
	Hensen, B. J., Green, D. H. (1973) Experimental study of the stability of cordierite and garnet in pelitic compositions at high pressures and temperatures. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 38 (2) 151-166 doi:10.1007/bf00373879
	HENSEN, B. J. (1987) P-T grids for silica-undersaturated granulites in the systems MAS (n + 4) and FMAS (n + 3)-tools for the derivation of P-T paths of metamorphism. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 5 (2) 255-271 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1987.tb00383.x
	*Hensen, B. J. (1971) Theoretical phase relations involving cordierite and garnet in the system MgO-FeO-Al2O3-SiO2. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 33 (3) 191-214 doi:10.1007/bf00374063*
	*Hensen, B.J. (1977) Cordierite—garnet bearing assemblages as geothermometers and barometers in granulite facies terranes. Tectonophysics, 43 (1) 73-88 doi:10.1016/0040-1951(77)90006-3*
	Harris (1984) American Mineralogist 69, 1036
	*Harley, S. L., Green, D. H. (1982) Garnet–orthopyroxene barometry for granulites and peridotites. Nature, 300 (5894). 697-701 doi:10.1038/300697a0*
	HARLEY, S. L. (1988) Proterozoic Granulites from the Rauer Group, East Antarctica. I. Decompressional Pressure-Temperature Paths Deduced from Mafic and Felsic Gneisses. Journal of Petrology, 29 (5) 1059-1095 doi:10.1093/petrology/29.5.1059
	HARLEY, SIMON L. (1987) A pyroxene-bearing meta-ironstone and other pyroxene-granulites from Tonagh Island, Enderby Land, Antarctica: further evidence for very high temperature (> 980°C) Archaean regional metamorphism in the Napier Complex. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 5 (3) 341-356 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1987.tb00389.x
	HARLEY, SIMON L. (1985) Paragenetic and mineral-chemical relationships in orthoamphibole-bearing gneisses from Enderby Land, east Antarctica: a record of Proterozoic uplift. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 3 (2) 179-200 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1985.tb00313.x
	HARLEY, S. L. (1985) Garnet-Orthopyroxene Bearing Granulites from Enderby Land, Antarctica: Metamorphic Pressure Temperature-Time Evolution of the Archaean Napier Complex. Journal of Petrology, 26 (4) 819-856 doi:10.1093/petrology/26.4.819
	Bertrand (1989) Comptes Rendus de l' Academie des Sciences
	HARLEY, S. L. (1984) The Solubility of Alumina in Orthopyroxene Coexisting with Garnet in FeO-MgO--Al2O3--SiO2 and CaO--FeO--MgO--Al2O3--SiO2. Journal of Petrology, 25 (3) 665-696 doi:10.1093/petrology/25.3.665
	*Wood, Bernard J. (1974) The solubility of alumina in orthopyroxene coexisting with garnet. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 46 (1) 1-15 doi:10.1007/bf00377989*
	*Harley, Simon L. (1984) An experimental study of the partitioning of Fe and Mg between garnet and orthopyroxene. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 86 (4) 359-373 doi:10.1007/bf01187140*
	Windley, B. F., Ackermand, D., Herd, R. K. (1984) Sapphirine/kornenipine-bearing rocks and crustal uplift history of the Limpopo belt, Southern Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 86 (4) 342-358 doi:10.1007/bf01187139
	Hansen, E. C., Janardhan, A. S., Newton, R. C., Prame, W. K. B. N., Ravindra Kumar, G. R. (1987) Arrested charnockite formation in southern India and Sri Lanka. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 96 (2) 225-244 doi:10.1007/bf00375236
	*Wernicke, Brian (1985) Uniform-sense normal simple shear of the continental lithosphere. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 22 (1) 108-125 doi:10.1139/e85-009*
	HANSEN, E. C., NEWTON, R. C., JANARDHAN, A. S. (1984) Fluid inclusions in rocks from the amphibolite-facies gneiss to charnockite progression in southern Karnataka, India: direct evidence concerning the fluids of granulite metamorphism. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 2 (3) 249-264 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1984.tb00299.x
	Griffin (1986) The Nature of the Lower Continental Crust 24, 363
	Griffin, W.L., McGregor, V.R., Nutman, A., Taylor, P.N., Bridgwater, D. (1980) Early Archaean granulite-facies metamorphism south of Ameralik, West Greenland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 50 (1) 59-74 doi:10.1016/0012-821x(80)90119-3
	*GREW, E. S. (1981) Granulite-Facies Metamorphism at Molodezhnaya Station, East Antarctica. Journal of Petrology, 22 (3) 297-336 doi:10.1093/petrology/22.3.297*
	Green (1987) Magmatic Processes – Physiochemical Principles 1, 139
	Green, D.H., Ringwood, A.E. (1967) An experimental investigation of the gabbro to eclogite transformation and its petrological applications. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 31 (5) 767-833 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(67)80031-0
	*WELLS, P (1980) Thermal models for the magmatic accretion and subsequent metamorphism of continental crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 46 (2) 253-265 doi:10.1016/0012-821x(80)90011-4*
	*WELLS, P. R. A. (1979) Chemical and Thermal Evolution of Archaean Sialic Crust, Southern West Greenland. Journal of Petrology, 20 (2) 187-226 doi:10.1093/petrology/20.2.187*
	England (1987) Tectonic Settings of Regional Metamorphisms , 3
	Perkins, Dexter, Chipera, Steve J. (1985) Garnet-orthopyroxene-plagioclase-quartz barometry: refinement and application to the English River subprovince and the Minnesota River valley. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 89 (1) 69-80 doi:10.1007/bf01177592
	Elphick, Stephen C., Ganguly, Jibamitra, Loomis, Timothy P. (1985) Experimental determination of cation diffusivities in aluminosilicate garnets. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 90 (1) 36-44 doi:10.1007/bf00373039
	Percival, J. A., McGrath, P. H. (1986) Deep crustal structure and tectonic history of the Northern Kapuskasing Uplift of Ontario: An integrated petrological-geophysical study. Tectonics, 5 (4). 553-572 doi:10.1029/tc005i004p00553
	PERCHUK, L. L., ARANOVICH, L. Ya., PODLESSKII, K. K., LAVRANT'EVA, I. V., GERASIMOV, V. Yu, FED'KIN, V. V., KITSUL, V. I., KARSAKOV, L. P., BERDNIKOV, N. V. (1985) Precambrian granulites of the Aldan shield, eastern Siberia, USSR. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 3 (3) 265-310 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1985.tb00321.x
	Perchuk, L. L., Lavrent’eva, I. V. (1983) Experimental Investigation of Exchange Equilibria in the System Cordierite-Garnet-Biotite. In Kinetics and Equilibrium in Mineral Reactions. Springer New York. p.199-239. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5587-1_7
	Oliver, G. J. H. (1977) Feldspathic hornblende and garnet granulites and associated anorthosite pegmatites from Doubtful Sound, Fiordland, New Zealand. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 65 (2) 111-121 doi:10.1007/bf00371051
	*Nixon, P. H., Reedman, A. J., Burns, L. K. (1973) Sapphirine-bearing granulitcs from Labwor, Uganda. Mineralogical Magazine, 39 (304) 420-428 doi:10.1180/minmag.1973.039.304.05*
	Valley, J. W., O'Neil, James R. (1984) Fluid heterogeneity during granulite facies metamorphism in the Adirondacks: stable isotope evidence. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 85 (2) 158-173 doi:10.1007/bf00371706
	*Valley, J. W., McLelland, James, Essene, E. J., Lamb, William (1983) Metamorphic fluids in the deep crust: evidence from the Adirondacks. Nature, 301 (5897). 226-228 doi:10.1038/301226a0*
	*Tracy, R. J. (1978) High grade metamorphic reactions and partial melting in pelitic schist, West-central Massachusetts. American Journal of Science, 278 (2) 150-178 doi:10.2475/ajs.278.2.150*
	Touret (1986) The Nature of the Lower Continental Crust , 161
	THOMPSON, A. B., ENGLAND, P. C. (1984) Pressure--Temperature--Time Paths of Regional Metamorphism II. Their Inference and Interpretation using Mineral Assemblages in Metamorphic Rocks. Journal of Petrology, 25 (4) 929-955 doi:10.1093/petrology/25.4.929
	*Thompson, A. B. (1983) Fluid-absent metamorphism. Journal of the Geological Society, 140 (4) 533-547 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.140.4.0533*
	*Thompson, A. B. (1976) Mineral reactions in pelitic rocks; II, Calculation of some P-T-X(Fe-Mg) phase relations. American Journal of Science, 276 (4) 425-454 doi:10.2475/ajs.276.4.425*
	Ellis, D. J., Sheraton, J. W., England, R. N., Dallwitz, W. B. (1980) Osumilite-sapphirine-quartz granulites from Enderby Land Antarctica ? Mineral assemblages and reactions. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 72 (2) 123-143 doi:10.1007/bf00399473
	Spear, Frank S., Selverstone, Jane (1983) Quantitative P-T paths from zoned minerals: Theory and tectonic applications. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 83 (3) 348-357 doi:10.1007/bf00371203
	ELLIS, D. J., GREEN, D. H. (1985) Garnet-forming Reactions in Mafic Granulites from Enderby Land, Antarctica--Implications for Geothermometry and Geobarometry. Journal of Petrology, 26 (3) 633-662 doi:10.1093/petrology/26.3.633
	Sonder (1987) Continental Extensional Tectonics , 187
	Ellis, D. J., Green, D. H. (1979) An experimental study of the effect of Ca upon garnet-clinopyroxene Fe-Mg exchange equilibria. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 71 (1) 13-22 doi:10.1007/bf00371878
	Sills (1987) Evolution of the Lewisian and Comparable Precambrian High Grade Terrains , 81
	()
	Ellis (1983) Antarctic Geoscience , 20
	Newton, R. C., Wood, B. J. (1979) Thermodynamics of water in cordierite and some petrologic consequences of cordierite as a hydrous phase. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 68 (4) 391-405 doi:10.1007/bf01164524
	Ellis, D. J. (1980) Osumilite-sapphirine-quartz granulites from Enderby Land, Antarctica: P-T conditions of metamorphism, implications for garnet-cordierite equilibria and the evolution of the deep crust. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 74 (2) 201-210 doi:10.1007/bf01132005
	*Newton, R. C., Smith, J. V., Windley, B. F. (1980) Carbonic metamorphism, granulites and crustal growth. Nature, 288 (5786). 45-50 doi:10.1038/288045a0*
	DROOP, G. T. R., BUCHER-NURMINEN, K. (1984) Reaction Textures and Metamorphic Evolution of Sapphirine-bearing Granulites from the Gruf Complex, Italian Central Alps. Journal of Petrology, 25 (3) 766-803 doi:10.1093/petrology/25.3.766
	Newton (1982) American Mineralogist 67, 203
	Dahl (1980) American Mineralogist 65, 852
	Newton, R. C., Haselton, H. T. (1981) Thermodynamics of the Garnet—Plagioclase—Al2SiO5—Quartz Geobarometer. In Advances in Physical Geochemistry. Springer New York. p.131-147. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5871-1_7
	CURRIE, K.L., GITTINS, J. (1988) Contrasting sapphirine parageneses from Wilson Lake, Labrador and their tectonic implications. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 6 (5) 603-622 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1988.tb00443.x
	Newton, Robert C. (1972) An Experimental Determination of the High-Pressure Stability Limits of Magnesian Cordierite under Wet and Dry Conditions. The Journal of Geology, 80 (4) 398-420 doi:10.1086/627763
	Coolen (1980) GUA (Amsterdam) Paper 13, 1
	*Newton, R. C. (1966) Some calc-silicate equilibrium relations. American Journal of Science, 264 (3) 204-222 doi:10.2475/ajs.264.3.204*
	Nantel (1978) Réunion Annuelle des Sciences de la Terre 6, 1
	*Martignole, Jacques (1979) Charnockite genesis and the Proterozoic crust. Precambrian Research, 9 (3) 303-310 doi:10.1016/0301-9268(79)90009-3*
	Maboko () Evolution of Metamorphic Belts
	*Lonker, S. W. (1981) The P-T-X relations of the cordierite-garnet-sillimanite-quartz equilibrium. American Journal of Science, 281 (8) 1056-1090 doi:10.2475/ajs.281.8.1056*
	SILLS, JANE D., ACKERMAND, DIETRICH, HERD, RICHARD K., WINDLEY, BRIAN F. (1983) Bulk composition and mineral parageneses of sapphirine-bearing rocks along a gabbro-lherzolite contact at Finero, Ivrea Zone, N Italy. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 1 (4) 337-351 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1983.tb00279.x
	Sills (1984) Schweizerische Mineralogishe Petrographishe Mitteilung 64, 169
	Sheraton (1980) Journal of the Geological Society of Australia 27, 305
	*Sen, S. K., Bhattacharya, A. (1984) An orthopyroxene-garnet thermometer and its application to the Madras charnockites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 88 (1) 64-71 doi:10.1007/bf00371412*
	Schreyer, W., Abraham, K. (1978) Symplectitic cordierite-orthopyroxene-garnet assemblages as products of contact metamorphism of pre-existing basement granulites in the Vredefort Structure, South Africa, and their relations to pseudotachylite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 68 (1) 53-62 doi:10.1007/bf00375446
	Schreurs, J., Westra, L. (1986) The thermotectonic evolution of a Proterozoic, low pressure, granulite dome, West Uusimaa, SW Finland. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 93 (2) 236-250 doi:10.1007/bf00371326
	SCHREURS, J. (1984) The amphibolite-granulite facies transition in West Uusimaa, S.W. Finland. A fluid inclusion study. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 2 (4) 327-341 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1984.tb00593.x
	*Clemens, J.D., Vielzeuf, D. (1987) Constraints on melting and magma production in the crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 86 (2) 287-306 doi:10.1016/0012-821x(87)90227-5*
	SCHENK, V. (1984) Petrology of Felsic Granulites, Metapelites, Metabasics, Ultramafics, and Metacarbonates from Southern Calabria (Italy): Prograde Metamorphism, Uplift and Cooling of a Former Lower Crust. Journal of Petrology, 25 (1) 255-296 doi:10.1093/petrology/25.1.255
	Chacko, Thomas, Kumar, G. R. Ravindra, Newton, Robert C. (1987) Metamorphic P-T Conditions of the Kerala (South India) Khondalite Belt, a Granulite Facies Supracrustal Terrain. The Journal of Geology, 95 (3) 343-358 doi:10.1086/629134
	Scharbert, H. G., Kurat, G. (1974) Distribution of some elements between coexisting ferromagnesian minerals in Moldanubian granulite facies rocks, lower Austria, Austria. TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 21 (2). 110-134 doi:10.1007/bf01081263
	*BOULLIER, A.-M., BARBEY, P. (1988) A polycyclic two-stage corona growth in the Iforas Granulitic Unit (Mali) Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 6 (2) 235-254 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1988.tb00417.x*
	SANDIFORD, M., POWELL, R., MARTIN, S.F., PERERA, L.R.K. (1988) Thermal and baric evolution of garnet granulites from Sri Lanka. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 6 (3) 351-364 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1988.tb00425.x
	Bohlen, Steven R., Wall, Victor J., Boettcher, A. L. (1983) Geobarometry in Granulites. In Kinetics and Equilibrium in Mineral Reactions. Springer New York. p.141-171. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5587-1_5
	Bohlen (1983) American Mineralogist 68, 1049
	Lindsley (1983) American Mineralogist 68, 477
	*BOHLEN, S. R., VALLEY, J. W., ESSENE, E. J. (1985) Metamorphism in the Adirondacks. I. Petrology, Pressure and Temperature. Journal of Petrology, 26 (4) 971-992 doi:10.1093/petrology/26.4.971*
	*Lamb, William M., Valley, John W., Brown, Philip E. (1987) Post-metamorphic CO2-rich fluid inclusions in granulites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 96 (4) 485-495 doi:10.1007/bf01166693*
	*Bohlen, Steven R. (1987) Pressure-Temperature-Time Paths and a Tectonic Model for the Evolution of Granulites. The Journal of Geology, 95 (5) 617-632 doi:10.1086/629159*
	*Lamb, William, Valley, J. W. (1984) Metamorphism of reduced granulites in low-CO2 vapour-free environment. Nature, 312 (5989). 56-58 doi:10.1038/312056a0*
	Blight, D. F., Oliver, R. L. (1977) The metamorphic geology of the Windmill Islands, Antarctica: A preliminary account. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 24 (5) 239-262 doi:10.1080/00167617708728986
	BLACK, L. P., HARLEY, S. L., SUN, S. S., McCULLOCH, M. T. (1987) The Rayner Complex of East Antarctica: complex isotopic systematics within a Proterozoic mobile belt. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 5 (1) 1-26 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1987.tb00366.x
	LAMB, R. C., SMALLEY, P. C., FIELD, D. (1986) P?T conditions for the Arendal granulites, southern Norway: implications for the roles of P, T and CO2in deep crustal LILE-depletion. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 4 (2) 143-160 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1986.tb00344.x
	LAL, R. K., ACKERMAND, D., UPADHYAY, H. (1987) P-T-X Relationships Deduced from Corona Textures in Sapphirine--Spinel--Quartz Assemblages from Paderu, Southern India. Journal of Petrology, 28 (6) 1139-1168 doi:10.1093/petrology/28.6.1139
	Bhattacharyya, P. K., Mukherjee, Subimal (1987) Granulites in and around the Bengal anorthosite, eastern India; genesis of coronal garnet, and evolution of the granulite-anorthosite complex. Geological Magazine, 124 (1) 21-32 doi:10.1017/s0016756800015752
	Lal (1984) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Monatshefte 150, 121
	Krogh, Erling J. (1981) Compatible P-T conditions for eclogites and surrounding gneisses in the Kristiansund area, western Norway. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 75 (4) 387-393 doi:10.1007/bf00374722
	Krogh, Erling J. (1977) Origin and metamorphism of iron formations and associated rocks, Lofoten-Vesterålen, N. Norway. I. The Vestpolltind Fe-Mn deposit. Lithos, 10 (4) 243-255 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(77)90001-9
	Koons, P.O. (1987) Some thermal and mechanical consequences of rapid uplift: an example from the Southern Alps, New Zealand. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 86 (2) 307-319 doi:10.1016/0012-821x(87)90228-7
	Sandiford, Michael, Powell, Roger (1986) Deep crustal metamorphism during continental extension: modern and ancient examples. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 79 (1) 151-158 doi:10.1016/0012-821x(86)90048-8
	Sandiford (1986) American Mineralogist 71, 946
	Sandiford, Michael, Neall, Fiona B., Powell, Roger (1987) Metamorphic evolution of aluminous granulites from Labwor Hills, Uganda. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 95 (2) 217-225 doi:10.1007/bf00381271
	Sandiford, Michael (1985) The origin of retrograde shear zones in the Napier Complex: implications for the tectonic evolution of Enderby Land, Antarctica. Journal of Structural Geology, 7 (3). 477-488 doi:10.1016/0191-8141(85)90050-1
	SANDIFORD, MICHAEL (1985) The metamorphic evolution of granulites at Fyfe Hills; implications for Archaean crustal thickness in Enderby Land, Antarctica. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 3 (2) 155-178 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1985.tb00312.x
	SANDERS, I. S., DALY, J. S., DAVIES, G. R. (1987) Late Proterozoic High-pressure granulite facies meta-morphism in the north-east Ox inlier, north-west Ireland. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 5 (1) 69-85 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1987.tb00370.x
	*Rudnick, Roberta L., Williams, Ian S. (1987) Dating the lower crust by ion microprobe. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 85 (1) 145-161 doi:10.1016/0012-821x(87)90028-8*
	BHATTACHARYA, A., SEN, S. K. (1986) Granulite Metamorphism, Fluid Buffering, and Dehydration Melting in the Madras Charnockites and Metapelites. Journal of Petrology, 27 (5) 1119-1141 doi:10.1093/petrology/27.5.1119
	Rollinson, H. R., Windley, B. F., Ramakrishnan, M. (1981) Contrasting high and intermediate pressures of metamorphism in the Archaean Sargur Schists of southern India. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 76 (4) 420-429 doi:10.1007/bf00371484
	*BERG, J. H. (1977) Regional Geobarometry in the Contact Aureoles of the Anorthositic Nain Complex, Labrador. Journal of Petrology, 18 (3) 399-430 doi:10.1093/petrology/18.3.399*
	*RICHARDSON, S. W. (1968) Staurolite Stability in a Part of the System Fe-Al-Si-O-H. Journal of Petrology, 9 (3) 467-488 doi:10.1093/petrology/9.3.467*
	BAKER, JUDY, POWELL, ROGER, SANDIFORD, MICHAEL, MUHLING, JAN (1987) Corona textures between kyanite, garnet and gedrite in gneisses from Errabiddy, Western Australia. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 5 (3) 357-370 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1987.tb00390.x
	Raith, M., Raase, P., Ackermand, D., Lal, R. K. (1983) Regional geothermobarometry in the granulite facies terrane of South India. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 73 (4) 221-244 doi:10.1017/s026359330000969x
	Arima, Makoto, Barnett, Robert L. (1984) Sapphirine bearing granulites from the Sipiwesk Lake area of the late Archean Pikwitonei granulite terrain, Manitoba, Canada. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 88 (1) 102-112 doi:10.1007/bf00371415
	Aranovich, L. Ya, Podlesskii, K. K. (1983) The Cordierite-Garnet-Sillimanite-Quartz Equilibrium: Experiments and Applications. In Kinetics and Equilibrium in Mineral Reactions. Springer New York. p.173-198. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5587-1_6
	Anovitz, Lawrence M., Essene, Eric J. (1987) Compatibility of Geobarometers in the System CaO-FeO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2(CFAST): Implications for Garnet Mixing Models. The Journal of Geology, 95 (5) 633-645 doi:10.1086/629160
	Kars, Henk, Jansen, J. Ben H., Tobi, Alex C., Poorter, Ren� P. E. (1980) The metapelitic rocks of the polymetamorphic Precambrian of Rogaland, SW Norway. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 74 (3) 235-244 doi:10.1007/bf00371693
	Not Yet Imported: Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France - journal-article : 10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XVIII.4.1023 If you would like this item imported into the Digital Library, please contact us quoting Journal ID 10845
	Johansson, Leif, M�ller, Charlotte (1986) Formation of sapphirine during retrogression of a basic high-pressure granulite, Roan, Western Gneiss Region, Norway. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 94 (1) 29-41 doi:10.1007/bf00371223
	Janardhan, A. S., Newton, R. C., Hansen, E. C. (1982) The transformation of amphibolite facies gneiss to charnockite in southern Karnataka and northern Tamil Nadu, India. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 79 (2) 130-149 doi:10.1007/bf01132883
	ACKERMAND, D., HERD, R.K., REINHARDT, M., WINDLEY, B.F. (1987) Sapphirine parageneses from the Caraiba complex, Bahia, Brazil: the influence of Fe2+-Fe3+ distribution on the stability of sapphirine in natural assemblages. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 5 (3) 323-339 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1987.tb00388.x
	JAN, M. Q., HOWIE, R. A. (1981) The Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Metamorphosed Basic and Ultrabasic Rocks of the Jijal Complex, Kohistan, NW Pakistan. Journal of Petrology, 22 (1) 85-126 doi:10.1093/petrology/22.1.85
	Not Yet Imported: Geophysical Monograph Series - book-chapter : 10.1029/GM014p0303 If you would like this item imported into the Digital Library, please contact us quoting Journal ID
	Indares (1984) American Mineralogist 70, 272
	Huckenholz (1981) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Abhandlungen 142, 223
	Hormann (1980) Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 308, 1
	()

	*Sparks, R. S. J. (1989) Geological Magazine, 126 (3) 308 doi:10.1017/s0016756800022421*
	*Allen, J. R. L. (1989) Geological Magazine, 126 (3) 313-314 doi:10.1017/s0016756800022536*
	*Harley, Simon L. (1993) Sapphirine granulites from the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica: geochemical and metamorphic evolution. Antarctic Science, 5 (4). 389-402 doi:10.1017/s0954102093000525*
	*Ixer, R. A. (1989) Geological Magazine, 126 (3) 323 doi:10.1017/s001675680002269x*
	*Piper, J. D. A. (1989) Geological Magazine, 126 (3) 311 doi:10.1017/s0016756800022470*
	*Chinner, G. A. (1989) Geological Magazine, 126 (3) 314-315 doi:10.1017/s0016756800022561*
	*Pye, K. (1989) Geological Magazine, 126 (3) 307 doi:10.1017/s0016756800022408*
	*Pye, K. (1989) Geological Magazine, 126 (3) 313 doi:10.1017/s0016756800022512*
	*Jackson, N. (1989) Geological Magazine, 126 (3) 319 doi:10.1017/s0016756800022639*
	*Jackson, N. (1989) Geological Magazine, 126 (3) 325 doi:10.1017/s0016756800022731*
	*Stow, Dorrik A. V. (1989) Geological Magazine, 126 (3) 307-308 doi:10.1017/s001675680002241x*

Harley, S. L. (1989) The origins of granulites: a metamorphic perspective. Geological Magazine, 126 (3) 215-247 doi:10.1017/s0016756800022330

References Listed

See Also