 | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | REVIEW Assessing rare earth element mineral deposit types and links to environmental impacts Z. H. Weng*1...modest scale of the global REE mining sector means that the REE mineral deposit type knowledge base is small...classification scheme for differing REE mineral deposit types, outline the geological processes that cause...on the environmental impact associated with REE mining, extraction and processing. Although current global...mineralogy is linked to environmental risks during mining and refining, especially aspects such as radioactive |  | Wang, Zhen-Yu, Fan, Hong-Rui, Zhou, Lingli, Yang, Kui-Feng, She, Hai-Dong (2020) Carbonatite-Related REE Deposits: An Overview. Minerals, 10 (11) 965 doi:10.3390/min10110965 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; 13264722955@163.com (Z.-Y.W.); yangkuifeng@mail...100049, China Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China iCRAG...consider them as strategically important resources. China, responsible for more than 60% of the world’s REE...are closely related to carbonatite in China. Such a type of deposit may also contain appreciable amounts...margin depression or rift belts, e.g., Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe deposit, and orogenic belts on the margin of |  | Xu, J., Yang, G. G, Li, G., Wu, Z., Shen, G. (2008) Dingdaohengite-(Ce) from the Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe Mine, China: Both a true polymorph of perrierite-(Ce) and a titanic analog at the C1 site of chevkinite subgroup. American Mineralogist, 93 (5) 740-744 doi:10.2138/am.2008.2543 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | 2008 Dingdaohengite-(Ce) from the Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe Mine, China: Both a true polymorph of perrierite-(Ce)...610082 Chengdu, China 2 China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 430071 Wuhan, China 3 China University of...Beijing, China 4 Technologic Managerial Department, Bayan Obo Iron Mine, 014080 Baotou, China 1 Abstract...world-famous Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe Mine near Baotou city, Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, North China. It occurs...richterite, allanite-(Ce), magnetite, ilmenite, spinel, titanite, pyrochlore, F-rich phlogopite, fluorapatite, |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | the relatively modest scale of the global REE mining sector has limited our knowledge of REE mineral...have mineral resources reported using statutory mining codes (e.g., JORC, NI43-101, SAMREC), with the...In terms of REE resources by individual country, China dominates currently known TREO + Y resources (268...hosted within tailings (dominated by tailings from Bayan Obo but with smaller resources at Palabora, Steenkampskraal...from resources other than traditional hard-rock mining. Global REE resources are dominated by the light |  | Zhong, Yan, Zhai, Mingguo, Peng, Peng, Santosh, M., Ma, Xudong (2015) Detrital zircon U–Pb dating and whole-rock geochemistry from the clastic rocks in the northern marginal basin of the North China Craton: Constraints on depositional age and provenance of the Bayan Obo Group. Precambrian Research, 258. 133-145 doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2014.12.010 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | of the North China Craton: Constraints on depositional age and provenance of the Bayan Obo Group Author:...of the North China Craton: Constraints on depositional age and provenance of the Bayan Obo Group, Precambrian... the North China Craton: Constraints on depositional age and provenance of the Bayan Obo Group Chinese...Lithosphere Evolution, P.O. Box 9825, Beijing 100029, PR China b Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute...Chinese M Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China Northwest University, State Key Laboratory of Continental |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | A g deposit, South Australia, the Wemecke Mountain breccias, Yukon, the Kiruna iron ore district, Sweden...Sweden, and the southeast Missouri iron ore district, and a review of literature on other ironrich mineral...magmatic zone of northwest Canada, the Bayan Obo district of China, and perhaps the Redbank breccia pipes...and within individual districts, particularly in deposit morphology. Individual deposits occur as strongly...structures. The global occurrence of this type of deposit at approximately 1.8 to 1.4 Ga suggests a relation |  | | Report (issue) | | CAMEROON CANADA CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CHAD CHILE CHINA COLOMBIA CONGO COSTA RICA CÔTE D’IVOIRE CROATIA...MARSHALL ISLANDS MAURITANIA MAURITIUS MEXICO MONACO MONGOLIA MONTENEGRO MOROCCO MOZAMBIQUE MYANMAR NAMIBIA...1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 6. DESCRIPTION OF THORIUM DEPOSIT TYPES AND EXAMPLES ........... 8 4.1.1. Carbonatite....................................... 60 6.6.2. China .................................................................................... 79 6.6.10. Mongolia ............................................. |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Reaction relationships in the Bayan Obo Fe-REE-Nb deposit Inner Mongolia, China: implications for the relative...range of settings from the Bayan Obo Fe-REE-Nb deposit, Inner Mongolia, China, indicate reaction between...Geology, Academica Sinica, Beijing 100029, P.R. China Editorial responsibility: I. Parsons dicating reaction...this study. The range of assemblages seen at Bayan Obo is a result of the variation between relatively...at dierent periods in the development of the deposit. Introduction A large body of recent research |  | Smith, M.P., Moore, K., Kavecsánszki, D., Finch, A.A., Kynicky, J., Wall, F. (2016) From mantle to critical zone: A review of large and giant sized deposits of the rare earth elements. Geoscience Frontiers, 7 (3) 315-334 doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2015.12.006 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | total rare earth oxide, but the importance of a deposit may be related to the grade for individual, or...total REE resource, only one currently known deposit (Bayan Obo) would class as giant (>1.7×107 tonnes contained...unclassified resource estimates from the Olympic Dam IOCG deposit, all of these deposits M AN U are related to...of some of the largest deposits AC C (e.g. Bayan Obo). Hydrothermal activity involving fluids from...Rare earth elements; Carbonatite; Syenite; Giant deposit; Grade 1. Introduction The rare earth elements |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | the present paper, with the exception of the Bayan Obo carbonatite, I have used examples of anorogenic...controversial Bayan Obo in northern China and the carbonatites of the Mianning–Dechang belt in SW China. It is...Australia (Mount Weld and Gifford complex) and China (Bayan Obo and the carbonatites of the Mianning–Dechang...magnetite, ilmenite, apatite, zircon, allanite, titanite, chevkinite and thorite. Alteration minerals include...Age data from Brandberg, Erongo, Gifford Creek, Bayan Obo and Maoniuping. Igneous Cx Rock/mineral dated |  | Franchini, M., Lira, R., Meinert, L., Rios, F. J., Poklepovic, M. F., Impiccini, A., Millone, H. A. (2005) Na-Fe-Ca Alteration and LREE (Th-Nb) Mineralization in Marble andGranitoids of Sierra de Sumampa, Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Economic Geology, 100 (4) 733-764 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.100.4.733 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Fe-LREE-Nb deposit Bayan Obo and other hydrothermal LREE deposits hosted in carbonatites of China. Introduction...carbonatites, particularly the large Bayan Obo deposit in China (Mariano, 1989a). Two districts with...Argentina (Fig. 1A): (1) The Rodeo de los Molles deposit, located in the Oriental Pampean Ranges of San...therein). The Rodeo de los Molles LREE and Th deposit is hosted in the Las Huertitas biotitic monzogranite...Molles occurs in the fenitized monzogranite. The deposit has been only partially explored: ~12 percent of |  | Wang, Chen, Liu, Jianchao, Zhang, Haidong, Zhang, Xinzhu, Zhang, Deming, Xi, Zhixuan, Wang, Zijie (2019) Geochronology and mineralogy of the Weishan carbonatite in Shandong province, eastern China. Geoscience Frontiers, 10 (2) 769-785 doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2018.07.008 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | D BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Geoscience...Weishan carbonatite in Shandong province, eastern China Chen Wang a, Jianchao Liu a, *, Haidong Zhang a...710054, China Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China c Weishan mining (Group)...(Group) Co. Ltd., Jining 277603, China d Shandong Provincial 4th Exploration Institute of Geology and Mineral...Mineral Resources, Weifang 261000, China b a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received |  | | Book | | Main Tectonic Events and Metallogeny of the North China Craton Springer Geology More information about...Main Tectonic Events and Metallogeny of the North China Craton 123 Editors Mingguo Zhai Institute of...Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Taiping Zhao Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry...Guangzhou China Yue Zhao Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China ISSN...Metallogenic Epochs to Key Geological Events in the North China Craton: An Example for Secular Changes in the Evolving |  | Cámara, Fernando, Sokolova, Elena, Abdu, Yassir A., Pautov, Leonid A. (2016) From Structure Topology To Chemical Composition. XIX. Titanium Silicates: Revision of the Crystal Structure and Chemical Formula of Bafertisite, Ba2Fe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2, A Group-II TS-Block Mineral. The Canadian Mineralogist, 54 (1) 49-63 doi:10.3749/canmin.1500059 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | These samples are from (1) the Bayan Obo REE deposit, Inner Mongolia, China (holotype); (2) the Gremyakha-Vyrmes...(Table 1). Bafertisite from the Bayan Obo REE deposit, Inner Mongolia, China, was described as a new mineral...These samples are from (1) the Bayan Obo REE deposit, Inner Mongolia, China (holotype, sample 61513, Fersman...2, as a new mineral from the Bayan Obo REE deposit, Inner Mongolia, China. They reported Dmeas. ¼ 4.25–3...crystal structure of bafertisite from the Bayan Obo deposit was determined using diffraction data from |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | can be applied to magnetite from a variety of deposit types. Traditional dating for accessory minerals...suitable Urich and Pb-poor accessory minerals (e.g., titanite, uraninite, columbitetantalite, and monazite)...inclusions in chromite from a kimberlite in northern China as an example of the application of the electron...Songshugang rare-element granite in North Jiangxi, South China. These new data are used to establish both magmatic...ongonite and topazite in the Xianghualing district, South China, and show that the electron microprobe is |  | Yang, Fan, Chen, Wei, Kynicky, Jindrich, Ying, Yuancan, Bai, Tian (2021) Combined In Situ Chemical and Sr Isotopic Compositions and U–Pb Ages of the Mushgai Khudag Alkaline Complex: Implications of Immiscibility, Fractionation, and Alteration. Minerals, 11 (5) 450 doi:10.3390/min11050450 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Processes & Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; yangfan_gpmr@cug.edu.cn...hosts the second largest REE–Fe–P–F–Sr–Ba deposit in Mongolia, with REE mineralization associated with...examples of these deposits include Bayan Obo (China) [3], Mianning-Dechang (China) [4], Mountain Pass (United...Mushgai Khudag (Mongolia) [6]. The Mesoproterozoic Bayan Obo deposit is the largest REE deposit in the world...the long discovered and investigated Bayan Obo deposit in North China, the petrogenetic and mineralization |  | Holtstam, Dan, Andersson, Ulf B., Broman, Curt, Mansfeld, Joakim (2014) Origin of REE mineralization in the Bastnäs-type Fe-REE-(Cu-Mo-Bi-Au) deposits, Bergslagen, Sweden. Mineralium Deposita, 49 (8) 933-966 doi:10.1007/s00126-014-0553-0 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | and F, represented by deposits in the Norberg district. Bastnäsite hosts primary fluid H2O-CO2 inclusions...Vaxholm district (Y, Tb, Er) and the Nya Bastnäs Fe-Cu mines in the Skinnskatteberg district (Ce, La...Bastnäs deposit. All these deposits are situated in the western part of the Bergslagen mining region,...narrow zone in the western part of the Bergslagen mining region, where ca. 1.91–1.88 Ga (e.g., Lundström...Skinnskatteberg Fig. 3 Riddarhyttan Fe oxide deposit with REE mineralization (Bastnäs type) Granite |  | Zozulya, D. R., Savchenko, E. E., Kullerud, K., Ravna, E. K., Lyalina, L. M. (2010) Unique accessory Ti-Ba-P mineralization in the Kvalöya ultrapotassic dike, Northern Norway. Geology of Ore Deposits, 52 (8) 843-851 doi:10.1134/s1075701510080167 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | description. Baoite was first found at the Bayan Obo deposit (China) in hydrothermal quartz veins genetically...analyses of baotite from the quartz vein of the Bayan Obo deposit (Semenov et al., 1961), carbonatites of Lueshe...044 0.030 0.038 0.063 4.051 0.929 Quartz vein, Bayan Obo (Semenov et al., 1961) NT522 1.53 101.39...Component Nb Fe3+ Mg Σ Ba Ca Sr K Σ Cl Quartz vein, Bayan Obo (Semenov et al., 1961) Lamprophyric dikes, Bohemian...early apatite, as indicated by the absence of titanite. The excess Ti left after the crystallization |  | Dietzel, Christian A.F., Kristandt, Tim, Dahlgren, Sven, Giebel, R. Johannes, Marks, Michael A.W., Wenzel, Thomas, Markl, Gregor (2019) Hydrothermal processes in the Fen alkaline-carbonatite complex, southern Norway. Ore Geology Reviews, 111. 102969 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.102969 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | is the biggest carbonatite-related REE and Th deposit in Europe. The alkaline silicate rocks and carbonatites...growing importance for the industrialized world. When China (the world’s main REE supplier) declared in 2009...the formation of economic REE deposits (e.g., Bayan Obo, Bachu, Bear Lodge, Cheng et al., 2018; Kanazawa...Historical mining for hematitic iron ores from the “red-rocks” (rødberg) at the Gruveåsen mining hill took...loose blocks of silicified rødberg from former mining operations were collected and one large Th-rich |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | broadly correlate with the separation of the North China Craton from the West Australian Craton as part of...discrepancies. For instance, Bayan Obo, the world’s largest REE deposit, has been repeatedly dated using...mineralisation, which collectively forms the Yangibana LREE district. The complex itself falls into the “long- lived”...along the Bald Hill Lineament and at the Fraser’s deposit (Fig. 2). The extent of the ferrocarbonatites is...of 1375 ± 14 Ma from the Abra PT polymetallic deposit (Zi et al., 2015) located approximately 250 km |  | | | | occurring in jadeitites from Itoigawa, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, is the Sr-Zr analogue of perrierite (Miyajima...a Sc-bearing perrierite from the Bayan Obo deposit, Inner Mongolia, which has a Sc2O3 content of 3.26...perrierite from the Apatitovoye ore deposit in the Mushugay field, southern Mongolia, containing a large CaO content...clinopyroxene, olivine, serpentine, chondrodite, apatite, titanite, zircon, Fe-Ti oxides, pyrite, pyrrhotite, rutile...titanomagnetite, K-feldspar, quartz, biotite, titanite, zircon and apatite, in addition to the chevkinite |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | REE Deposits: A Case Study of the Weishan REE Deposit, China Yu-heng Jia 1,2 and Yan Liu 2,3, * 1 2 3 *...Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; yuhengjia@glut.edu.cn Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth...Academy of Geological Science, Beijing 100037, China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong...Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China Correspondence: ly@cags.ac.cn Received: 22 August...carbonatite-related rare earth element (REE) deposit in China contains both high- and low-grade REE mineralization |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | is host to the Ashram Rare Earth Element (REE) Deposit, occurs within the Eldor Carbonatite Complex, Québec...The principal REE-bearing minerals of the Ashram Deposit are monazite-(Ce) and monazite-(Nd), with lesser...A-type granitoids. The mineralogy of the Ashram Deposit, compared to that of other carbonatites associated...pyrochlore, and Srbearing carbonates. The Ashram Deposit is considered to be a late-magmatic-to-hydrothermal...antecedents Key words: carbonatite, Ashram Deposit, REE-deposit, monazite, xenotime, fluorite, Mg-Fe carbonates |  | Nedosekova, Irina, Vladykin, Nikolay, Udoratina, Oksana, Belyatsky, Boris (2021) Ore and Geochemical Specialization and Substance Sources of the Ural and Timan Carbonatite Complexes (Russia): Insights from Trace Element, Rb–Sr, and Sm–Nd Isotope Data. Minerals, 11 (7) 711 doi:10.3390/min11070711 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | with carbonatites: Mountain Pass (USA) and Bayun-Obo (China) provide more than half of the world production...this type of carbonatite: the giant Nb-REE Tomtor deposit (Yakutia); large Nb–P deposits in Eastern Siberia—White...(East Sayan province); the Nb–REE Chuktukonskoe deposit (Chadobetsky Uplift); the Nb–Ta–P Neske-Vaara (Kola...Maoniuping (Qinling and Mianning-Dechang orogenic belts, China [11,17–19]). In the Russian territory, such complexes...Russia where mining was carried out. The carbonatite origin and associated rare metal deposit sources are |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | 103 The Schlema-Alberoda five-element uranium deposit, Germany: An example of self-organizing hydrothermal...Mineralogy and ore fluid chemistry of the Roc Blanc Ag deposit, Jebilet Hercynian massif, Morocco—Samira Essarraj...mineralization in the polymetallic Tighza-Jbel Aouam district (central Morocco), and relationships with the...constraints on the Paleoproterozoic Tocantinzinho gold deposit (Tapajos Gold Province, Amazonian craton - Brazil):...Jinding Zn-Pb deposit: Ore formation in an evaporite dome, Lanping Basin, Yunnan, China—David L. Leach |
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