 | Zhao, Yunfeng, Liu, Hanlong, Xie, Kainan, Salje, Ekhard K.H., Jiang, Xiang (2019) Avalanches in Compressed Sandstone: Crackling Noise under Confinement. Crystals, 9 (11) 582 doi:10.3390/cryst9110582 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | crystals Article Avalanches in Compressed Sandstone: Crackling Noise under Confinement Yunfeng Zhao...of local cracks and microstructural changes of sandstone under confined compression have been reported... and man-made quakes by fracking. Compressed sandstone is a model material for the investigation of avalanches...those found in seismological studies. Keywords: sandstone; acoustic emission; crackling noise; mean-field...magnetize via jumps of the magnetization known as Barkhausen noise [1]. Other dynamic physical systems with |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | over a wide range of sizes and energies. The Barkhausen effect of pinned domain walls (Harrison et al...contrast to the early perception of Barkhausen noise (Barkhausen 1919; Tebble et al. 1950). Crackling...maximum-likelihood exponent ε as a function of a lower threshold Emin for the three experiments. [after...observations of jerk-like switching, similar to Barkhausen noise (Shur et al. 2002) and the measurement...shows the ML-fitted exponent as a function of a lower threshold Emin for the three experiments during |  | | Report (issue) | | production occurs at strain levels and strain rates even lower than those estimated to be caused by passage of...produced at strain amplitudes and strain rates much lower than those for which AE has generally been studied...(Lord, 1982). For a material such as concrete or sandstone, the bulk modulus is about 1011 dyne cm~2. A stress...material. This, as one would expect, is somewhat lower than strains that are resolved by instruments in...(Jones, 1983). It is built on Franciscan chert and sandstone on top of a hill, overlooking the Pacific Ocean |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | stratigraphie position of the ,,Wiehengebirgs sandstone" - - which is uncertain, due to flue lack of characteristic...Aufschlfisse in der Venner Egge und im t/aurn von Bad Essen. Bei schlechten Aufschlul3verh~iltnissen wurden...Accumulation and the Jurassic System in North-West Germany. - - Proc. 4th World Petr. Congress, Sect. I/A...geologisd~en Verh~iltnisse des Wiehengebirges zwischen Barkhausen-Hunte und Engter. - - 1. Jahresber. d. Nieders~ichs |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | 2016 Collapsing minerals: Crackling noise of sandstone and coal, and the predictability of mining accidentsk...collapse of minerals. The archetypal test cases are sandstone and coal. Their collapse mechanism is almost identical...critical stresses of e = 1.55 for dry and wet sandstone, and e = 1.32 for coal. The exponents of early...early stages are slightly increased, 1.7 (sandstone) and 1.5 (coal), and appear to represent the collapse...described by Omori coefficients p between 0.84 (sandstone) and 1 (coal). The “Båth’s law” predicts that |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | domain boundary width. With w = 1 nm, one expects a lower limit for the bulk spacer of some 10 nm. Experimentally...ever been applied to minerals. Starting with Barkhausen analysis of magnetization jumps in slowly magnetized...avalanches of soft magnetic materials, observed as Barkhausen noise, decays with the same power law as the...The sample is situated between two plates, the lower plate is fixed at the top of the instrument while...law: 1– ε P(E)dE ~ E–ε/Emi n (3) where Emin is a lower cutoff used for normalization. Studies of the collapse |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | two important features of the simplest rocks (sandstone for instance): they are composed of small cemented...v̄(t) signal (lower black curve (a)), events detected on the numerical v̄(t) signal (lower blue curve (b))...+ S/Smin )β (4.1) where Smin and Smax are the lower and upper cut-offs, respectively, and β is the exponent...energy3 [36,37]. Figure 4a does not reveal any smooth lower cut-off Smin on the acoustic events (at least larger...96 ± 0.03 [22]. This exponent is significantly lower than the one to be associated with the size distribution |  | Xing, Lida, Lockley, Martin G., Klein, Hendrik, Persons, W. Scott, Wei, Mengyuan, Chen, Li, Wang, Miaoyan (2020) The first record of Cretaceous non–avian dinosaur tracks from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Cretaceous Research, 115. 104549pp. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104549 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Paläontologisches Museum Alte Richt 7, D-92318 Neumarkt, Germany 5 Mace Brown Museum of Natural History, Department...here named the Yangguang tracksite, represents the Lower Cretaceous part of the Kezilesu Group consisting...The strata belong to the Kezilesu Group and are Lower Cretaceous in age (Fig. 2). It was established by...thick brownish-red and grey-green massive quartz sandstone and quartz greywacke with cross bedding, the bottom...brownish-red sandstone, pebbly sandstone, siltstone and mudstone mixed with grey-green sandstone, glutenite |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Leibniz University, Welfengarten 1 D-30167 Hannover, Germany Abstract The Central European Variscides and their...rocks which formed the Precambrian through the Lower Carboniferous, when the Visean folding put an end...extension was at its maximum during the Devonian and Lower Carboniferous. Basic submarine volcanic activity...from Belgium, in the West, through the Ruhr District, Germany, to the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland...Feist-Burkhardt et al., 2008) (Table 2). During the Lower Jurassic (Liassic) dark claystones, black shales |  | | Book | | the first could be moved freely. At the pelvis (lower left), the pubic bone between the upper thigh-bones...370 million years old (Middle Devonian or upper Lower Devonian). Cross-sections of stems of Rhynia and...Republic) are about 270 million years old (lower New Red Sandstone). Neuropteris and Alethopteris foliage...mantle of the tree fern (Psaronius) of the lower New Red Sandstone is often magnificently preserved in a...roots. This specimen (4:1) comes from the lower New Red Sandstone of Karl-Marx-Stadt (German Demo- cratic |  | | Book | | the directions of magnetiza¬ tion observed in 36 Lower Oligocene lava flows from the Liverpool Volcano...(Wellman et al., 1969). (a) Solid circles on the lower hemisphere, open circles on the upper hemisphere...hemisphere, {b) Directions all plotted on the lower hemi¬ sphere, so that the open circles in {a) become south-seeking...Directions are distinguished as they fall on the lower (solid sym¬ bols) or upper (open symbols) hemisphere...one half of the projection (either the upper or lower hemisphere) is used. Vectors are then distinguished |  | | Journal (issue) | | black-robed figure is silhouetted against the red sandstone mission many times each day ringing the old locomotive...mission and school nestle at the foot of the sandstone cliffs which gave Bluff, Utah, its name. Father...movement of the molecules within the bar. This Barkhausen effect as it is called, can be shown in a very...quivered in the heat waves. The wind drew up from the lower reaches of the canyon in lazy wide spaced drifts...Thompsons. Our driver warned that we hadn't reached the bad place yet. But rolling over a smooth desert road |  | | Book | | Preliminary remarks, 104 Cenozoic results, 105 Lower Paleozoic results, Eight 8.4 Paleomagnetically...directions in 5 rock samples are plotted as dots on the lower hemisphere of an equal-area net. The method of specifying...First the intensities of magnetization are much lower than those of iron, or the iron alloys, one reason...adjustments occurring by discrete jumps called Barkhausen jumps. Smooth domain wall movements also occur...effects are present in addition to irreversible Barkhausen jumps. At C most of the domain magnetizations |  | | Book (edition) | | Ches Cheshire, England. 5 Clev Cleveland iron district, England. Colom Republic of Colombia. Corn...Canal Zone KS Kansas ND North Dakota DC District of Columbia KY Kentucky OH Ohio GU Guam ...of forcing acid into a limestone, dolomite, or sandstone in order to increase permeability and porosity...sulfide-bearing ore and dissolution of uranium from sandstone ores. Acid leaching can occur on heap-leach pads...Mg2+ . Admitted trace elements generally have a lower concentration relative to the major element in the |  | | Book (volume) | | Clement Reid, Editor F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S. District Geologist on H.M. Geological Survey of England...Capitals of Europe; Schools of Modern A rt in Germany. J. C. van D. John Charles van Dyke. Professor...English Odes (1881). (E. G.) ODENKIRCHEN, a town of Germany, in the Prussian Rhine province, 21 m. by rail...Fiinen. ODENWALD, a wooded mountainous region of Germany, almost entirely in the grand duchy of Hesse, with...ODER (Lat. Viadua\ Slavonic, Vjodr), a river of Germany, rises in Austria on the Odergebirge in the Moravian |  | | Book | | State Museum for Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany Kevin Padian Sauropoda John S. McIntosh Sauropodomorpha... Utah, USA Martin Luther Universität Halle, Germany Stephen A. Czerkas Instituto de Geologı́a UNAM...Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Germany Director, Musée des Dinosaures Espéraza, Aude...Institute of Paleontology Universität Bonn Bonn, Germany National Science Museum Tokyo, Japan Vincent...T. H. Huxley, but was long abandoned) while in Germany studying pterosaurs in the company of his old friend |  | | Book (volume) | | Farms—Maryland D region [QC881.2.D2] UF D layer BT Lower ionosphere D/s (Sexual behavior) USE Sexual dominance...Castle (Dachau, Germany) USE Schloss Dachau (Dachau, Germany) Dachau Trial, Dachau, Germany, 1946 UF Dachau...BT War crime trials—Germany Dachau Trial, 1946 USE Dachau Trial, Dachau, Germany, 1946 Dachsel family...Dahlen Heath (Germany) UF Dahlener Heide (Germany) Dahlener Wald (Germany) BT Heathlands—Germany Dahlenborg...Heide (Germany) USE Dahlen Heath (Germany) Dahlener Wald (Germany) USE Dahlen Heath (Germany) Dahlgaard |  | | Book (volume) | | Human USE Nazi Youth Movement Youth movement — Germany Hmong (Asian people) Folklore UF Evolution...UF RT Reducing Diet UF Folklore, Yoruba — Germany NT Hitler Zulu conand practice in reading that...Maryland— Antiquities (Okla.) 101 Ranch Historic District (Okla.) 101 Ranch 228 East Capitol Street (Washington...(Okla.) One Hundred and One Ranch BT Historic District (Okla.) One Hundred One Ranch Historic districts...—Washington (D.C.) 2,4,5-T (Herbicide) Historic USE District (Okla.) House and Headquarters (New (State) |  | | Book (volume) | | geognostischen Karte und drei Special-Abrissen. Essen. R. von Carnall: Geognostische Karte von Oberschlesien...diesem Schichten-System eine untere Abtheilung (Lower culm measures) und eine freilich obere (Upper...measures) im Alter geradezu gleich, während sie die „lower culm measures^^ und namentlich die Kalkschichten...als eine mit den measures‘‘ auch für England lower culm und deuteten gewisse Schichten des Oberharzes...allein die Lager von unreiner Kohle (culm) (die lower culm measures) Niveau annehmen und schon dem produktiven |  | | Book (volume) | | generally require stronger mixed acids and give lower conversions and yields than does nitrobenzene because...coordinated nitrogen occurs at a substantially lower frequency than that of free, gaseous nitrogen. Moreover...demonstrate the relationship between upper and lower atmosphere processes but, if valid, would lead to...permits the independent selection of upper and lower cutoff frequencies so that almost any bandwidth...atoms and molecules. Parametric generation. lower-frequency Vv, + waves vo. The In| parametric |  | | Book (volume) | | Gesellschaft fiir Schwerionenforschung, mbH, Germany, Etement 107; ELEMENT 108; ELEMENT 109. WEATHER...fiir MolekularPhysikalische Physiologie, Hanover, Germany. PYROELECTRICITY (BIOLOGY) Atkins, Dr. Elisha....Institut der Technischen Universitat Claustbal, Germany. ELECTRON DIFFRACTION—in Barracca, Peter S. Reidy...of Chemistry, Friedrich- Wilbelms University, Germany. CycLorraxs—coauthored Boke, Dr. Norman H. George...lytic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany. MERCURY (ELEMENT). Brodsky, Dr. Frances M. |  | | Book (volume) | | magma crystallization, exemplifying pri- S sandstone ._ S/ & mary mobility. They eventually may become...mineral potential within the general anomalous district The sample medium most commonly used for strategic...typical stream sediment sampling distribution, the sandstone may have molybdenum background of approximately...geoelectricity, geomagnetism, and geoelectromagnetism are essen tially interchangeable, although each one may have...of a magnetic storm of May 14, 1921, Potsdam, Germany. (After S. Chapman and J. Bartels, Geomagnetism |  | | Report (issue) | | followed by time-progressive volcanic chains, and that lower-mantle and core-mantle–boundary geochemical tracers...interpretation of some geochemical species as being of deep-lower-mantle origin is not safe. They decry what they...geochemical characteristics were thought to reveal lower mantle characteristics. The numbers of postulated...and in collision belts), eclogitization of the lower crust and mantle lithosphere may occur, increasing...mantle lithosphere and possibly also parts of the lower crust to detach and become recycled in the upper |  | | Book (volume) | | petal (the banner or standard), two petals, and the lower two petals fused to a boat-shaped keel. Usually...ones showing the ratio of total thickness of sandstone beds to total shale or total carbonate thickness...map may reveal the location and shape of major sandstone bodies, which can then, from their size, shape...considerable economic importance if, for example, porous sandstone bod- ies are known to contain pools of oil or...technique is to plot the percentage of sandstone or aggregate sandstone thickness in a section, Figure 3 illustrates |  | | Book (volume) | | products. Important deposits occur in the Karibib district of South-West characterized by two pairs of membranous...Thorax. The prothorax is well developed in some lower yups, such as the Hepialoidea, but it smaller than...butterflies. It is known to vary in the moths, being lower in the more generalized groups. The mesothorax is...and some in of the that other the fourth, lower abdominal are moths, movable are segments...reduction or loss, causing the upper temporal arcade lower temporal arcade in moths swarms are frequently |
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