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| indicates that more than 98% of the Mn in deep ocean nodules is present as Mn(IV). The samples were collected...central Pacific. Results of the study suggest that todorokite in marine nodules is fully oxidized and has the...authigenic Mn minerals are &Mn02, or vemadite, and todorokite (BURNS and BURNS, 1977, 1979); as well as an...reported but it may form from the dehydration of todorokite during storage (Usm, 1979a). The Mn oxide that...processes witbin nodules may control the formation of todorokite in nodules and its uptake of Ni and Cu. They |
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| MICROBIOLOGY OF OCEANS AND ESTUARIES 4 G.NEUMANN OCEAN CURRENTS 5 N.G. JERLOV OPTICAL OCEANOGRAPHY ...MAMAYEV TEMPERATURE-SALINITY ANALYSIS OF WORLD OCEAN WATERS 12 E.J. FERGUSON WOOD and R.E. JOHANNES...and The City University of New York. MERO, J.L. Ocean Resources, Inc., La Jolla, California 92037, U S...Discussions with D. Felix and C.E. Schatz of Kennecott’s Ocean Exploration Division and D. Norton contributed significantly...Program of the Office for the International Decade of Ocean Exploration (ID075-12960). Chapter 9. The current |
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| Geochemistry of Manganese and Manganese Nodules in the Ocean SEDIMENTOLOGY AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY The Geochemistry...Geochemistry of Manganese and Manganese Nodules in the Ocean G. N. Baturin Institute of Oceanology Academy of...Nikolaevich) The geochemistry of manganese nodules in the ocean. (Sedimentology and petroleum geology) Bibliography:...DISPERSED MANGANESE CHAPTER I. MANGANESE SUPPLY TO THE OCEAN Manganese in river Discharge Manganese in the Atmosphere...Inland Basins Peripheral Zones of the Ocean Pelagic Zones of the Ocean Metalliferous Sediments General Review |
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| Geochemistry of Manganese and Manganese Nodules in the Ocean SEDIMENTOLOGY AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY The Geochemistry...Geochemistry of Manganese and Manganese Nodules in the Ocean G. N. Baturin Institute of Oceanology Academy of...Nikolaevich) The geochemistry of manganese nodules in the ocean. (Sedimentology and petroleum geology) Bibliography:...DISPERSED MANGANESE CHAPTER I. MANGANESE SUPPLY TO THE OCEAN Manganese in river Discharge Manganese in the Atmosphere...Inland Basins Peripheral Zones of the Ocean Pelagic Zones of the Ocean Metalliferous Sediments General Review |
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| i, oe Mel nae ¢ % Underwater Minerals OCEAN SCIENCE, RESOURCES AND TECHNOLOGY An International...in terms of recent ideas on plate tectonics and ocean evolution, and is a development of a lecture I gave...materials to the oceans Sediment distribution on the ocean floor WAR WN Metal concentration processes in the...1 an 5.6 5.7 Pacific Ocean 5.4.3.2 Indian Ocean 5.4.3.3 Atlantic Ocean ; : 5.4.3.4 Marginal seas...Formation of ore grade modules The Atlantic Ocean. The Indian Ocean 140 141 144 146 149 150 150 157 161 |
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| phases and/or the transport of REE to the deep ocean by particulate matter. Comparison of the REE patterns...accumulating in pelagic sediments of the Pacific Ocean. METHODOLOUY Eight of the 14 REE have been measured...1. Location of nodulee, from the Pa&c Atomic Ocean, analyzed in this study. number Fig. 2. The shale-normalized...Washington. t Abbreviations are: B-birnessite, T-todorokite, I--ill&e, I&--montmorillonite, and P-phillipsite...of 11 samples of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) from the Equatorial Atlantic, Although HOGIDAHL, et |
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| 8 to --84%0, relative to SMOW. 6 D-values of todorokite and cryptomelane from Tertiary deposits show...permil deviation relative to that of Standard Mean Ocean Water (SMOW). ~D is expressed by: 45 5D = D/Hsample...manganese nodule in T e r t i a r y formation Todorokite from Gold deposit Birnessite oo from Recent...fronl P a c i f i c Ocean lOA-ma~ganite of manganese nodule from P a c i f i c Ocean Data of a v a i l...Tertiary formation is - 1 5 0 0 0 and that of todorokite from the Todoroki mine, which is a gold deposit |
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| Depth and combined nickel and copper in Pacific Ocean manganese nodules at 1,770 stations in the Scripps...Depth and combined nickel and copper content in Atlantic Ocean manganese nodules at 296 stations in the Scripps...and combined nickel and copper content in Indian Ocean manganese nodules at 300 stations in the Scripps..._____ _ 9. Depth and cobalt content in Pacific Ocean manganese nodules at 1,710 stations in the Scripps...________________ _ 10. Depth and cobalt content in Atlantic Ocean manganese nodules at 285 stations in the Scripps |
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| BULLETIN 1689 MINERAL AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES OF THE OCEAN DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL MODEL,...the continental margins and ocean basins 7 Continental margins 7 Deep-ocean basins 8 Plate tectonic processes...9 Subsea minerals in relation to the continent-ocean framework 9 Marine placers 9 Placer minerals 10...encrustations 29 Chemical composition 30 World and ocean averages 30 Relation to latitude 34 Relation to...metalliferous sediments 78 Sulfide deposits on the mid-ocean ridges of the east Pacific 80 Sulfide deposits associated |
 | Knaack, Derek R., Leybourne, Matthew I., Layton-Matthews, Daniel, McDonald, Andrew M., Vuletich, April, Chipley, Donald, Silva, Leandro G., Pufahl, Peir K. (2020) Manganese nodules NOD-A-1 and NOD-P-1: Implications of pre-treatment on oxygen isotopes and mineralogy. Chemical Geology, 558. 119924pp. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119924 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) |
| States Geological Survey), Mn nodules from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, respectively, provide the...these reference materials. In sample NOD-A-1 todorokite, goethite and/or hematite, Mg-calcite, phillipsite...quartz and barite were identified. The minerals todorokite, bir nessite, asbolane, vernadite, goethite...marine nodules are poorly crystalline, and include todorokite (10 Å), buserite (10 Å), birnessite (7 Å) and...States Geological Survey - USGS), sourced from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, respectively (Flanagan and |
 | Benites, Mariana, Hein, James R., Mizell, Kira, Blackburn, Terrence, Jovane, Luigi (2020) Genesis and Evolution of Ferromanganese Crusts from the Summit of Rio Grande Rise, Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Minerals, 10 (4) 349 doi:10.3390/min10040349 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) |
| from the Summit of Rio Grande Rise, Southwest Atlantic Ocean Mariana Benites 1, *, James R. Hein 2 , Kira...Grande Rise (RGR) is a large elevation in the Atlantic Ocean and known to host potential mineral resources...from various water masses, especially the South Atlantic Mode Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW)...(AAIW). Bulk Fe–Mn crusts from the summit of RGR plateau are generally depleted in metals considered of...crusts from deeper-water depths along the RGR plateau and surrounding areas, which would less likely |
 | Gramberg, I. S., Aleksandrov, P. A., Andreyev, S. I., Anikeyeva, L. I., Yegiazarov, B. Kh., Yershov, Yu. P., Marmorshteyn, L. M. (1987) DEPTH ZONING OF ORE-FORMING COMPONENTS OF MARINE IRON-MANGANESE NODULES. International Geology Review, 29 (5) 613-618 doi:10.1080/00206818709466177 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) |
| nickel and cobalt in iron-manganese nodules on the ocean floor is subject to vertical geochemical zoning...the carbonate com pensation depth, via the pH of ocean waters. Iron-manganese nodules are formed in vari...vari ous morphostructural zones of the ocean. Accu mulations found on the outer edge of the shelf, usually...("avant-shelves"Blake plateau, Pernambuco plateau, Agulhas Bank, New Zealand plateau), at depths of 4001200...abundant pelagic nodules. those metals in Pacific Ocean nodules: 0.67% for nickel, 0.43% for copper, and |
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| mitridatite, carbonate fluorapatite, nontronite, todorokite, and barite. The mineralogy of the concretions...then mitridatite, carbonate fluorapatite and todorokite/Fe-oxide indicates increasing PH. Concretion...Concretion growth culminated with the precipitation of todorokite, a Mn oxide, and minor amounts of barite along...Sample notation: horizon. locality/concretion Todorokite 2.37 0.37 58.69 A/Q6/D* 0.11 4.37 3.61 ...and Araki (1977) Nontronite Eggleton (1977) Todorokite fluorapatite a McClellan analyses listed |
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| sediments in cores obtained on Legs 123–210 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) are examined in order to...manganese crust, manganese carbonate, rhodochrosite, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), hiatus, sedimentation rate...by the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) show, in addition to surficial...the Oceanic Drilling Program Science Operator (Ocean Drilling Program, 2006). Indices of the initial...Table 2, based primarily on the Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Report (Ship- vol. 56 |
 | Wu, Fei, Owens, Jeremy D., Tang, Limei, Dong, Yanhui, Huang, Fang (2019) Vanadium isotopic fractionation during the formation of marine ferromanganese crusts and nodules. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 265. 371-385 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2019.09.007 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) |
| Dong d, Fang Huang b,⇑ a Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science and National High Magnet...during the delivery, cycling, and burial to the ocean. The utilization of V isotopes might provide a useful...which are widely distributed in the modern oxic ocean. Our results show a large variability of V isotope...and fluxes of various V sources and sinks to the ocean that is likely related to the global redox state...Emerson, 1999, Algeo, 2004). Data from the deep ocean suggest that V is uniformly distributed, while surface |
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| deviation of the sample with respect to standard mean ocean water (SMOW): b IX0/\MOW , sample = [(“O/‘“O...minerals having structures similar to buserite or todorokite. Buserite was synthesized according to the methods...conditions resembled either Mg-stabilized buserite or todorokite (Mandemack, 1992). The oxidation states of the...Mn( IV) manganates. For this purpose a natural todorokite from South Africa and a lacushine hollandite...Because of limited sample amount, only 15.6 mg of todorokite was available for setting up a single exchange |
 | | Report (issue) |
| Project in determining the history of the modern ocean basins {Society of Economic Paleontologists and...Poore------------------------------------------13 The U.S. Atlantic Cbntinental Margin: Eustasy, paleoceanography...------------------------------24 Influences of ocean anoxic events on manganese deposition and ophiolite-hosted...----- 27 Chart showing age correspondence of ocean anoxic events, shallow marine manganese deposits...exist in the subsurface in areas of the Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains other than those wher~ bauxite |
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| Sample Mn miner. Genesis Mn-thickness (mm) RS-9 todorokite HTC 4 B15 vernadite DSHN 23 B60 buserite...Gunnerus Ridge 25°16.39N 144°04.99W Ogasawara Plateau 21°17.19N 136°31.39W# 21°17.09N 136°32.29W* Kyushu-Palau...Kyushu-Palau Ridge 31°029N 78°229W Blake Plateau 14°509N 124°289W Clarion-Clipperton area 5588 5150 ...Sec Pacific Ocean W1 5 37 2 W2-U 5 37 2 W5 32 303 4 W7 62 464 4 W8 86 578 14 Atlantic Ocean E6 36 328 1...661A 11H E22 114 699A 8H E23-1 114 699A 8H Indian Ocean G1 122 760A 9H Caribbean Sea E1 15 150 4 E2 15 150 |
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| originally given at an international workshop on deep ocean mineral resources beyond the limits of national...tectonic settings at the modern seafloor including mid-ocean ridges, back-arc rifts, and seamounts. Many of the...the discovery of hydrothermal vents at the mid-ocean ridges, significant mineral deposits have been documented...on fast-, intermediate-, and slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges, on axial and off-axis volcanoes and seamounts...which occur in felsic volcanic rocks instead of mid-ocean ridge basalts8. Modern seafloor hydrothermal systems |
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| 3 3073 00132920 8 Mineral Deposits of the Deep-Ocean Floor K. 0. Emery Henry Bryant Bigelow Oceanographer...Geophysics Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Deep-ocean mineral deposits are diverse in character and origin...plate margins, and their extensions on the deep-ocean floor. Copper, lead, and zinc deposits are likely...stages of plate divergence. Thermal circulation of ocean water, driven by heat from a newly forming margin...brings the resulting solutions into contact with ocean bottom water. Precipitation of ore minerals can |
 | | Report (issue) |
| ferromanganese crust on carbonate rock from the Blake Plateau off the southeastern coast of the United States...ferromanganese nodules cover vast areas of the present ocean floor and are still forming by complex interactions...manganese-bearing water at scales from meters to that of ocean basins is the key to understanding manganese metallogenesis...manganese-bearing solutions, which include surface water, ocean water, and high-temperature fluids in various subsurface...requires the existence of oxygen-poor (low Eh) ocean water or surface water. This is in contrast to the |
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| MICROBIOLOGY OF OCEANS AND ESTUARIES 4 G. NEUMANN OCEAN CURRENTS 5 N.G. JERLOV OPTICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 6 V...MAMAYEV TEMPERATURE·SALINITY ANALYSIS OF WORLD OCEAN WATERS 12 E.J. FERGUSON WOOD and R.E. JOHANNES TROPICAL...FUNDAMENTALS OF OCEAN DYNAMICS 17 R.A. GEYER SUBMERSIBLES AND THEIR USE IN OCEANOGRAPHY AND OCEAN ENGINEERING...TURBULENCE 20 P.H. LEBLOND and L.A. MYSAK WAVES IN THE OCEAN 21 C.C. VON DER BORCH (Editor) SYNTHESIS OF DEEP-SEA...DEEP-SEA DRILLING RESULTS IN THE INDIAN OCEAN 22 P. DEHLlNGER MARINE GRAVITY 23 J.C.J. NIHOUL (Editor) HYDRODYNAMICS |
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| gained large amounts of potassi- 150 i 30 84 BLAKE PLATEAU NAR IAYALI': 20 pUERSO RICO TRE..'E~ 418B...y. crust o f the Bermuda Rise in the N o r t h Atlantic at 25~ 68~ (Fig. 1). The lithostratigraphy is...walls of a calcitefilled crack were identified as todorokite in one sample from the uppermost part of Hole...submersible from various seafloor locations in the Atlantic and Pacific c o m m o n l y exhibit cmsized '...were sufficiently oxidizing so that Mn4+-rich todorokite formed locally in uppermost Hole 417A. Later |
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| GEOLOGY IN MARINE GLOBAL SEDIMENTOLOGY OF THE OCEAN: AN INTERPLAY BETWEEN GEODYNAMICS AND PALEOENVIRONMENT...IN MARINE GEOLOGY GLOBAL SEDIMENTOLOGY OF THE OCEAN: AN INTERPLAY BETWEEN GEODYNAMICS AND PALEOENVIRONMENT...Generalities: Geodynamics of the Ocean 2.1. The Geological Structure of the Ocean 2.2. Oceanic Waters and Their...The Gulf of Suez 3.5. Ancient Rifts: The South Atlantic Rift Sediments in Brazil and Gabon Further Reading...Ancient Crustal Fissures: The Mid-Cretaceous South Atlantic Further Reading 6. Mature Oceans in a Context |
 | Amstutz, G. C., Goresy, A. El, Frenzel, G., Kluth, C., Moh, G., Wauschkuhn, A., Zimmermann, R.A. - Eds. (1982) Ore Genesis. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68344-2 | Book |
| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 191 Ocean Floor "Metalliferous Sediments" - Two Possibilities...Genesis of Manganese Nodules on the Blake Plateau, Northwestern Atlantic Ocean Soo Jin Kim (With 5 Figures)...marine sediment samples, e.g., from the North Atlantic (Chester and Messiha-Hanna 1970; Horowitz 1974;...from the continents, being higher for the North Atlantic than for Pacific regions. Further differentiation...nodule-rich areas of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. It is suggested that Cu is mainly associated with |
