 | Melekestseva, Irina, Maslennikov, Valery, Tret’yakov, Gennady, Maslennikova, Svetlana, Danyushevsky, Leonid, Kotlyarov, Vasily, Large, Ross, Beltenev, Victor, Khvorov, Pavel (2020) Trace Element Geochemistry of Sulfides from the Ashadze-2 Hydrothermal Field (12°58′ N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Influence of Host Rocks, Formation Conditions or Seawater?. Minerals, 10 (9) 743 doi:10.3390/min10090743 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | of Sulfides from the Ashadze-2 Hydrothermal Field (12◦580 N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Influence of Host Rocks...Melekestseva 1, *, Valery Maslennikov 1 , Gennady Tret’yakov 1 , Svetlana Maslennikova 1 , Leonid Danyushevsky...2 , Vasily Kotlyarov 1 , Ross Large 2 , Victor Beltenev 3 and Pavel Khvorov 1 1 2 3 * Institute of...chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite, and covellite from oxidized Cu-rich massive sulfides of the Ashadze-2 hydrothermal...hydrothermal field (12◦ 580 N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge) is studied using LA-ICP-MS. The understanding of TE behavior |  | Gablina, I. F., Popova, E. A., Sadchikova, T. A., Khusid, T. A., Os’kina, N. S., Bel’tenev, V. E., Shilov, V. V. (2010) Hydrothermal alterations of modern organic sediments at the Ashadze-1 hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 13° N. Doklady Earth Sciences, 433 (2) 998-1002 doi:10.1134/s1028334x10080027 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | GEOLOGY Hydrothermal Alterations of Modern Organic Sediments at the Ashadze1 Hydrothermal Field, MidAtlantic...MidAtlantic Ridge, 13° N I. F. Gablinaa, E. A. Popovab, T. A. Sadchikovaa, T. A. Khusidc, N. S. Os’kinac, V...investigations of hydrothermal alterations on microbiota of orebearing sediments of the Ashadze1 field (13°...(13° N, MidAtlantic Ridge) were carried out and local mineral–geochem ical zoning was established. For...widespread in the regions of high hydrothermal activity on the ocean bottom were studied for a long time |  | Gablina, I. F., Popova, E. A., Sadchikova, T. A., Savichev, A. T., Gor’kova, N. V., Os’kina, N. S., Khusid, T. A. (2014) Hydrothermal metasomatic alteration of carbonate bottom sediments in the Ashadze-1 field (13° N Mid-Atlantic Ridge) Geology of Ore Deposits, 56 (5) 357-379 doi:10.1134/s1075701514050043 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | 399–422. Hydrothermal Metasomatic Alteration of Carbonate Bottom Sediments in the Ashadze1 Field (13°...(13° N MidAtlantic Ridge) I. F. Gablinaa, E. A. Popovab, T. A. Sadchikovaa, A. T. Savicheva, N. V. Gor’kovaa...Geology and Mineral Resources of the World Ocean, Angliiskii pr. 1, St. Petersburg, 190121 Russia c Shirshov...study of hydrothermal alteration of the Holocene–upper Pleistocene sediments in the recent Ashadze1 hydrothermal...sulfides and other hydrothermal minerals. A zone of sediments enriched in magnesian hydrothermal minerals has |  | Bortnikov, N.S., Simonov, V.A., Amplieva, E.E., Stavrova, O.O., Fouquet, Y. (2011) The physicochemical conditions of hydrothermal ore-forming systems of “black smokers” associated with mantle ultrabasites in the Central Atlantic region. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 52 (11) 1412-1420 doi:10.1016/j.rgg.2011.10.010 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | com/locate/rgg The physicochemical conditions of hydrothermal ore-forming systems of “black smokers” associated...associated with mantle ultrabasites in the Central Atlantic region N.S. Bortnikov a, V.A. Simonov b,*, E.E...from sulfide ores sampled in the Ashadze and Logatchev hydrothermal fields during the Serpentine cruise...ultrabasites in the Central Atlantic region. It was established that the studied hydrothermal systems differ in...and hydrothermal processes running within basaltic complexes in both low-spreading (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) |  | Evrard, Catherine, Fouquet, Yves, Moëlo, Yves, Rinnert, Emmanuel, Etoubleau, Joël, Langlade, Jessica Aimée (2015) Tin concentration in hydrothermal sulphides related to ultramafic rocks along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: a mineralogical study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 27 (5) 627-638 doi:10.1127/ejm/2015/0027-2472 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | concentration in hydrothermal sulphides related to ultramafic rocks along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: a mineralogical...RINNERT4, JOËL ETOUBLEAU1 and JESSICA AIMÉE LANGLADE5 1 IFREMER, LGM, Centre de Brest, ZI de la Pointe du...ed Abstract: Hydrothermal polymetallic sulphides collected along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and hosted in...in ultramafic rocks (Ashadze, Logatchev and Rainbow ore fields) are enriched in Sn compared to sulphides...following paragenetic sequence is proposed: (1) Sn (,1 wt.%) first precipitates as solid solution in |  | Cherkashov, Georgy, Kuznetsov, Vladislav, Kuksa, Katherine, Tabuns, Erik, Maksimov, Fedor, Bel'tenev, Victor (2017) Sulfide geochronology along the Northern Equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Ore Geology Reviews, 87. 147-154 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.10.015 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | geochronology along the Northern Equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge Georgy Cherkashov, Vladislav Kuzntetsov,...geochronology along the Northern Equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Ore Geology Reviews (2016), doi:10.1016/j...geochronology along the Northern Equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge. PT Georgy Cherkashova,b*, Vladislav Kuzntetsovb...and Mineral Resources of the Ocean (VNIIOkeangeologia), Angliysky Avenue 1, 190121, St. Petersburg, Russia... Cherkashov). Postal address: VNIIOkeangeologia, 1 Anglisky Avenue, St.Petersburg 190121, Russia. Tel |  | Mozgova, N. N., Trubkin, N. V., Borodaev, Y. S., Cherkashev, G. A., Stepanova, T. V., Semkova, T. A., Uspenskaya, T. Yu. (2008) MINERALOGY OF MASSIVE SULFIDES FROM THE ASHADZE HYDROTHERMAL FIELD, 13 N, MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE. The Canadian Mineralogist, 46 (3) 545-567 doi:10.3749/canmin.46.3.545 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | MASSIVE SULFIDES FROM THE ASHADZE HYDROTHERMAL FIELD, 13°N, MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE Nadezhda N. MOZGOVA§ and...Institute for Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ocean, St. Petersburg, 190121, Russia Tatiana Yu. USPENSKAYA...active Ashadze submarine hydrothermal field, located at a depth of 4100–4200 m at 13°N along the Mid-Atlantic...Mid-Atlantic Ridge, was discovered and sampled by dredge and grab sampler at four stations in 2003, on the 22...characteristics of the massive sulfides in the Ashadze field were established: 1) varied morphologies of the main sulfide |  | Firstova, Anna, Stepanova, Tamara, Sukhanova, Anna, Cherkashov, Georgy, Poroshina, Irina (2019) Au and Te Minerals in Seafloor Massive Sulphides from Semyenov-2 Hydrothermal Field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Minerals, 9 (5) 294 doi:10.3390/min9050294 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Semyenov-2 Hydrothermal Field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge Anna Firstova 1,2, *, Tamara Stepanova 1 , Anna Sukhanova...Sukhanova 1 , Georgy Cherkashov 1,2, * and Irina Poroshina 1 1 2 * Institute for Geology and Mineral...Mineral Resources of the Ocean (FSBI “VNIIOkeangeologia”), 1 Angliisky Ave., 190121 St. Petersburg, Russia;...Abstract: The Semyenov-2 hydrothermal field located at 13◦ 310 N of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is associated...associated with an oceanic core complex (OCC) and hosted by peridotites and basalts with minor amounts of gabbro |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Redox state of seafloor hydrothermal fluids and its effect on sulfide mineralization...Kawasumi PII: DOI: Reference: S0009-2541(17)30014-1 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.01.001 CHEMGE 18213 To...Hitoshi, Kawasumi, Shogo, Redox state of seafloor hydrothermal fluids and its effect on sulfide mineralization... ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Redox state of seafloor hydrothermal fluids and its effect on sulfide mineralization...Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama MA Corresponding |  | Fujii, Masakazu, Okino, Kyoko, Sato, Taichi, Sato, Hiroshi, Nakamura, Kentaro (2016) Origin of magnetic highs at ultramafic hosted hydrothermal systems: Insights from the Yokoniwa site of Central Indian Ridge. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 441. 26-37 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.018 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | ultramafic hosted hydrothermal systems: Insights from the Yokoniwa site of Central Indian Ridge Masakazu Fujii...University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute...Institute, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan c The National Institute of Advanced...Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan d Senshu University, 2-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku...Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan e University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan b a r t i |  | Melekestseva, Irina, Kotlyarov, Vasiliy, Tret’yakov, Gennadiy, Shilovskikh, Vladimir, Khvorov, Pavel, Belogub, Elena, Beltenev, Victor, Filippova, Kseniya, Sadykov, Sergey (2022) The Heavy-Metal Fingerprint of the Irinovskoe Hydrothermal Sulfide Field, 13°20′ N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Minerals, 12 (12) 1626 doi:10.3390/min12121626 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Irinovskoe Hydrothermal Sulfide Field, 13◦ 200 N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge Irina Melekestseva 1, *, Vasiliy...Kotlyarov 1 , Gennadiy Tret’yakov 1 , Vladimir Shilovskikh 2 , Pavel Khvorov 1 , Elena Belogub 1 , Victor...Victor Beltenev 3 , Kseniya Filippova 1 and Sergey Sadykov 1 1 2 3 * Citation: Melekestseva, I.; Kotlyarov...The Heavy-Metal Fingerprint of the Irinovskoe Hydrothermal Sulfide Institute of Mineralogy, South Urals...Ul’yanovskaya 1, Petergof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia VNIIOkeangeologiya, Angliysky pr. 1, 190121 St |  | Demina, Liudmila, Gablina, Irina, Budko, Dmitry, Dara, Olga, Solomatina, Aleksandra, Gorkova, Nina, Smirnova, Tatiyana (2021) Geochemical Fractions of Heavy Metals in Bottom Sediments of the Pobeda Hydrothermal Cluster in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (17°07′–17°08′ N) Minerals, 11 (6) 591 doi:10.3390/min11060591 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Pobeda Hydrothermal Cluster in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (17◦ 070 –17◦ 080 N) Liudmila Demina 1, * , Irina...Dmitry Budko 1 , Olga Dara 1 , Aleksandra Solomatina 1 , Nina Gorkova 2 and Tatiyana Smirnova 2 1 2 * ...Bottom Sediments of the Pobeda Hydrothermal Cluster in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (17◦ 070 –17◦ 080 N). Minerals...Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Pyzhevsky per., 7/1, 119017 Moscow, Russia; igabl@rambler.ru (I.G.); gorkova@ginras...study, to better understand the influence of hydrothermal processes on ore metal accumulation in bottom |  | Rusakov, V. Yu., Shilov, V. V., Ryzhenko, B. N., Gablina, I. F., Roshchina, I. A., Kuz’mina, T. G., Kononkova, N. N., Dobretsova, I. G. (2013) Mineralogical and geochemical zoning of sediments at the Semenov cluster of hydrothermal fields, 13°31′-13°30′ N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Geochemistry International, 51 (8) 646-669 doi:10.1134/s0016702913050066 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | the Semenov Cluster of Hydrothermal Fields, 13°31'–13°30' N, MidAtlantic Ridge V. Yu. Rusakova, V. V...northwestern (active) and eastern (inactive) hydrothermal vent fields of the Semenov cluster. Min eral...was proposed for the vertical structure of the hydrothermal–sedimentary sequence overlying massive sulfide...sediments, atacamite, Semenov hydrothermal cluster, MidAtlantic Ridge, upper Pleistocene–Holocene DOI:...are common within the hydrothermal fields The Semenov cluster of hydrothermal fields was discovered |  | Petersen, S., Kuhn, K., Kuhn, T., Augustin, N., Hékinian, R., Franz, L., Borowski, C. (2009) The geological setting of the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev hydrothermal field (14°45′N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge) and its influence on massive sulfide formation. Lithos, 112 (1) 40-56 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.02.008 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | ultramafic-hosted Logatchev hydrothermal field (14°45′N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge) and its influence on massive...massive sulfide formation S. Petersen a,⁎, K. Kuhn a,1, T. Kuhn a,2, N. Augustin a, R. Hékinian b,3, L. Franz...Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR), Wischhofstr. 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany Institute of Geosciences...Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany b c a r t i c l e i n f...2009 Keywords: Ultramafic-hosted Hydrothermal system Mid-Atlantic Ridge Massive sulfides Petrology a b |  | Peters, Marc, Strauss, Harald, Farquhar, James, Ockert, Charlotte, Eickmann, Benjamin, Jost, Cristiane L. (2010) Sulfur cycling at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: A multiple sulfur isotope approach. Chemical Geology, 269 (3) 180-196 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.016 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | e / c h e m g e o Sulfur cycling at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: A multiple sulfur isotope approach Marc...Farquhar b, Charlotte Ockert a, Benjamin Eickmann a,1, Cristiane L. Jost c,2 a b c Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität...University Bremen, Earth and Space Sciences, Campus Ring 1, 28725 Bremen, Germany a r t i c l e i n f o Article...Hydrothermalism Mid-Atlantic Ridge a b s t r a c t The role of sulfur in two hydrothermal vent systems...Logatchev hydrothermal field at 14°45′N/44°58′W and several different vent sites along the southern Mid-Atlantic |  | | Report (issue) | | Kasahara, Pavel Izbekov, and Johnathan Lees (Eds.) 173 Ocean Circulation: Mechanisms and Impacts—Past and Future...Ellen R. Stofan, and Thomas E. Cravens (Eds.) 177 Ocean Modeling in an Eddying Regime Matthew Hecht and...Hasumi (Eds.) 178 Magma to Microbe: Modeling Hydrothermal Processes at Oceanic Spreading Centers Robert... S. Reeve, and Lee D. Slater (Eds.) 185 Indian Ocean Biogeochemical Processes and Ecological Variability...John Gash, and Pedro Silva Dias (Eds.) 187 Surface Ocean–Lower Atmosphere Processes Corinne Le Quèrè and |  | Firstova, Anna, Cherkashov, Georgy, Stepanova, Tamara, Sukhanova, Anna, Poroshina, Irina, Bel’tenev, Victor (2022) New Data for the Internal Structure of Ultramafic Hosted Seafloor Massive Sulfides (SMS) Deposits: Case Study of the Semenov-5 Hydrothermal Field (13°31′ N, MAR) Minerals, 12 (12) 1593 doi:10.3390/min12121593 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Case Study of the Semenov-5 Hydrothermal Field (13◦ 310 N, MAR) Anna Firstova 1, * , Georgy Cherkashov 1...Tamara Stepanova 1 , Anna Sukhanova 1 , Irina Poroshina 1 and Victor Bel’tenev 1 1 2 * Citation: Firstova...(SMS) Deposits: Case Study of the Semenov-5 Hydrothermal Field (13◦ 310 N, MAR). Minerals 2022, 12, 1593...Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ocean (FSBI “VNIIOkeangeologia”), 1 Angliisky Ave., 190121 St. Petersburg...and complex issues facing the study of modern hydrothermal ore systems. The Semenov-5 hydrothermal field |  | Silantyev, S. A., Krasnova, E. A., Cannat, M., Bortnikov, N. S., Kononkova, N. N., Beltenev, V. E. (2011) Peridotite-gabbro-trondhjemite association of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 12°58′ and 14°45′N: Ashadze and Logachev hydrothermal vent fields. Geochemistry International, 49 (4) 323-354 doi:10.1134/s0016702911040070 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Association of the MidAtlantic Ridge between 12°58' and 14°45'N: Ashadze and Logachev Hydrothermal Vent Fields...the oceanic core complexes of the Ashadze and Logachev hydrothermal vent fields. The study object was...suggest that the oceanic core complexes of the Ashadze and Logachev fields were formed via the same scenario...gabbro–peridotite association. The trondhjemites of the Ashadze hydrothermal field can be considered as partial melting...products of gabbroids under the influence of hydrothermal fluid. It was supposed that the presence of |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Fuchs 1,2 & Mark D. Hannington 1,3 & Sven Petersen 1 Received: 3 November 2018 / Accepted: 6 May 2019...2019 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Hydrothermal fluids on the modern seafloor are important carriers of... in part reflecting strong buffering of the hydrothermal fluids by their host rocks. Geochemical reaction-path...modeling shows that in most cases the investigated hydrothermal fluids are undersaturated with gold and silver...Precipitation of gold during conductive cooling of mid-ocean ridge black smoker (MOR) fluids occurs at low temperatures |  | Melchert, B., Devey, C.W., German, C.R., Lackschewitz, K.S., Seifert, R., Walter, M., Mertens, C., Yoerger, D.R., Baker, E.T., Paulick, H., Nakamura, K. (2008) First evidence for high-temperature off-axis venting of deep crustal/mantle heat: The Nibelungen hydrothermal field, southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 275 (1) 61-69 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.08.010 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | crustal/mantle heat: The Nibelungen hydrothermal field, southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge B. Melchert a,⁎, C.W. Devey...Paulick f, K. Nakamura g a IFM-GEOMAR, Wischhofstr.1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany Woods Hole Oceanographic...Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan b c a...ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems off-axis venting Mid-Atlantic Ridge non-transform offset (NTO) ridge propagation...During segment-scale studies of the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), 7–12° S, we found evidence in the |  | Melekestseva, Irina Yu., Maslennikov, Valery V., Tret’yakov, Gennady A., Nimis, Paolo, Beltenev, Victor E., Rozhdestvenskaya, Irina I., Maslennikova, Svetlana P., Belogub, Elena V., Danyushevsky, Leonid, Large, Ross, Yuminov, Anatoly M., Sadykov, Sergey A. (2017) Gold- and Silver-Rich Massive Sulfides from the Semenov-2 Hydrothermal Field, 13°31.13′N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: A Case of Magmatic Contribution?. Economic Geology, 112 (4) 741-773 doi:10.2113/econgeo.112.4.741 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Sulfides from the Semenov-2 Hydrothermal Field, 13°31.13'N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: A Case of Magmatic Contribution...Irina Yu. Melekestseva,1,† Valery V. Maslennikov,1,2 Gennady A. Tret’yakov,1 Paolo Nimis,3 Victor E....Irina I. Rozhdestvenskaya,4 Svetlana P. Maslennikova,1 Elena V. Belogub,1,2 Leonid Danyushevsky,5 Ross Large...Large,5 Anatoly M. Yuminov,2 and Sergey A. Sadykov1 1 Institute of Mineralogy, Urals Branch of Russian...The basalt-hosted Semenov-2 hydrothermal field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is host to a rather unique Cu-Zn– |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Identification of Two New Hydrothermal Fields and Sulfide Deposits on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge as a Result of the...Sudarikov 1,2, *, Egor Narkevsky 3 and Vladimir Petrov 1 1 2 3 * Citation: Sudarikov...Identification of Two New Hydrothermal Fields and Sulfide Deposits on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge as a Result of the...Department of Geology and Mineral Resources of the World Ocean, VNIIOkeangeologia Institute, 190121 St. Petersburg...studies in the bottom waters of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal fields at 14◦ 450 N, 13◦ 070 N, and |  | | Report (issue) | | Environmental Assessment of the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge Technical Study No. 29 ADVANCED COPY FOR...Assessment of the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge Document prepared by the Atlantic REMP project to support...Environmental Management Plan for the Area in the North Atlantic by the International Seabed Authority...those of the International Seabed Authority. . Page 1 ADVANCED COPY FOR WEB-POSTING Authorship The primary...are listed below Geological Overview of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge P.P.E. Weaver, Seascape Consultants Ltd |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | No. 1. APPLIED EARTH SCIENCE GEOCHEMISTRY, EXPLORATION, ENVIRONMENT, ANALYSIS Vol. 123, No. 1, 2014...factor of and 235U isotopes in the process of hydrothermal pitchblende formation: A numerical estimate—...Savva Towards the question of the movement of hydrothermal solutions: The case of the Schlema-Alberoda...Mironova Hydrothermal metasomatic alteration of carbonate bottom sediments in the Ashadze-1 field (13°...(13° N Mid-Atlantic Ridge)—I.F. Gablina, E.A. Popova, T.A. Sadchikova, and A.T. Savichev Manganese deposits |  | Dekov, Vesselin M., Garbe-Schönberg, Dieter, Kamenov, George D., Guéguen, Bleuenn, Bayon, Germain, Bindi, Luca, Asael, Dan, Fouquet, Yves (2018) Redox changes in a seafloor hydrothermal system recorded in hematite-chalcopyrite chimneys. Chemical Geology, 483. 351-371 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.02.041 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | research article Redox changes in a seafloor hydrothermal system recorded in hematitechalcopyrite chimneys...Keywords: Chalcopyrite Chimney Hematite Hydrothermal Redox Hydrothermal chimneys composed of hematite and...the Irina II vent site (Logatchev hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Hematite and chalcopyrite form...physico-chemical conditions of the Irina II hydrothermal site showed that the precipitation of these...chimneys is a result of redox changes in the hydrothermal fluid. The replacement of hematite by either |
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