Verplanck, P. L., Farmer, G. L., Kettler, R. M., Lowers, H. A., Johnson, C. A., Koenig, A. E., & Blessington, M. J. (2022). Petrogenesis and Rare Earth Element Mineralization of the Elk Creek Carbonatite, Nebraska, USA. Ore Geology Reviews, 104953.

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	*(2019) Rare earth element mineral deposits in the United States. Circular* 1454. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/cir1454**	Report (issue)
	..........................................7 Carbonatite REE-Bearing Deposits...........................the Sulphide Queen deposit, is a large tabular carbonatite intrusion, thought to be the largest rare earth...mineral (table 2), is the main ore mineral in carbonatite REE deposits, including the three largest REE...Mountain Pass deposit, California. Because these carbonatite-hosted deposits are the largest global sources...with two other REE-carbonatefluorine minerals, synchysite and parisite. Bastnäesite contains up to 75 weight-percent
	Van Gosen, Bradley S., Verplanck, Philip L., Seal, Robert R., Long, Keith R., Gambogi, Joseph (2017) Rare-earth elements. Professional Paper Vol. 1802 (1802o) US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/pp1802o	Report (issue)
	Cover. The Mountain Pass Mine, San Bernardino County, California, was the only active producer of rare-earth...United States in 2013. The orebody is a tabular carbonatite intrusion and is thought to be the largest REE....O6 Rare-Earth-Element-Mineral Formation in Carbonatite Magmas.....................................O7...Photograph of the Mountain Pass Mine in San Bernardino County, California, which was the only active producer...recent years, REEs have been produced from large carbonatite bodies mined at the Mountain Pass deposit in
	*Mitchell, Roger H. (2015) Primary and secondary niobium mineral deposits associated with carbonatites. Ore Geology Reviews, 64. 626-641 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	production of Nb, with the primary St. Honoré carbonatite and other sources accounting for only for 7 and...individual petrographically-deﬁned units of carbonatite contain distinct suites of pyrochlore. Bulk rock...10 times or more above those of the primary carbonatite. Commonly, pyrochlores in laterites are ﬁne grained...and 1%, respectively. Mining at the Catalão-I carbonatite was discontinued in 2001, although there is a...occurrences of carbonatite are currently being evaluated [e.g. Aley and Upper Fir (Canada); Elk Creek (USA)] or
	Amores-Casals, Sandra, Gonçalves, Antonio Olimpio, Melgarejo, Joan-Carles, Martí Molist, Joan (2019) Nb and REE Distribution in the Monte Verde Carbonatite–Alkaline–Agpaitic Complex (Angola) Minerals, 10 (1) 5 doi:10.3390/min10010005	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Nb and REE Distribution in the Monte Verde Carbonatite–Alkaline–Agpaitic Complex (Angola) Sandra Amores-Casals... Abstract: The Angolan alkaline–carbonatite complex of Monte Verde has a semi-circular shape...arranged minor bodies of other alkaline rocks and carbonatite magmatic breccias. This rock association is hosted...are concentrated in pyrochlore crystals in the carbonatite and alkaline breccias. Magmatic fluornatropyrochlore...crystallize as late minor secondary minerals into carbonatite breccia and alkaline dykes. In conclusion, the
	*Verplanck, Philip L. (2017) The Role of Fluids in the Formation of Rare Earth Element Deposits. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 17. 758-761 doi:10.1016/j.proeps.2017.01.014*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	the magma or by hydrothermal processes. One carbonatite-related REE ore deposit, the Mount Weld deposit...formed by lateritic weathering of the underlying carbonatite. © 2017 2017Published The Authors. Published...vast majority of world’s REE production. A few carbonatite-related deposits provide the world’s LREEs, and...due to lateritic weathering of an underlying carbonatite. The second deposit type, ion adsorption clay...role in ore-grade enrichment of REEs in both carbonatite and ion adsorption clay deposits. This paper
	*Mackay, Duncan A. R., Simandl, George J. (2014) Geology, market and supply chain of niobium and tantalum—a review. Mineralium Deposita, 49 (8) 1025-1047 doi:10.1007/s00126-014-0551-2*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	placer deposits and weathered crusts overlying carbonatite and peralkaline complexes account for the majority...majority of Ta production. Several carbonatite-related deposits (e.g. Upper Editorial handling: D. Huston...Weathered crusts overlying carbonatite complexes in Brazil and one hard rock carbonatite deposit in Canada account...5.0–5.5 6–6.5 6 Reference Pegmatites and carbonatite complexes 7.3 5.2–5.7 4.3–5.9 5.4 NA 5...(2004) Carbonatite complexes Pegmatites and peralkaline complexes Peralkaline and carbonatite complexes
	Cangelosi, Delia, Smith, Martin, Banks, David, Yardley, Bruce (2020) The role of sulfate-rich fluids in heavy rare earth enrichment at the Dashigou carbonatite deposit, Huanglongpu, China. Mineralogical Magazine, 84 (1) 65-80 doi:10.1180/mgm.2019.78	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Heavy Rare Earth enrichment at the Dashigou carbonatite deposit, Huanglongpu, China Delia Cangelosi a...Qinling orogenic belt in central China. Calcite carbonatite dykes at the Dashigou open pit are unusual due...economic concentrations of molybdenite. The calcite carbonatite dykes show two styles of mineralogy according...concentration. The REE in the little-altered calcite carbonatite occur mostly in magmatic REE minerals, mainly...reaction of sulfate-rich fluids with the calcite carbonatite dykes. The final HREE enrichment is due to a
	*Heinrich, E. William (1980) The Geology of Carbonatites* - Reprint Edition with Supplementary Material. Robert E. Krieger Publishing Co. Inc.**	Book (edition)
	Dedicated to Harry von Eckermann, an eponym for carbonatite, with admiration and affection Preface to the...this edition, summarizes the major advances in carbonatite studies in the decade 1966-1976. Since 1966 many...Certainly one of the important new facets of carbonatite study will be their saprolite geology. Recognition...Kimberlites Carbonatites and Vulcanism Geology of Carbonatite Bodies Mineralogy and Petrology Composition and...: Geological Society of South Africa and R. L. Johnson (1961) : The Mineralogical Magazine and D. S. Sutherland
	*(2017) Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply. Professional Paper* 1802. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/pp1802**	Report (issue)
	... C1 Chapter D. Barite (Barium) By Craig A. Johnson, Nadine M. Piatak, and M. Michael Miller.........and simplified geologic map of the Hellroaring Creek prospect, which is located west of Kimberley, British...related to strongly differentiated granites, for carbonatite-related fluorspar deposits, and for veins from...showing the subsurface geology of the Saint-Honoré carbonatite complex in southern Quebec, Canada, and a schematic...Photograph of the Mountain Pass Mine in San Bernardino County, California, which was the only active producer

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Synchysite from Elk Creek Carbonatite, Elk Creek, Johnson County, Nebraska, USA

Synchysite from
Elk Creek Carbonatite, Elk Creek, Johnson County, Nebraska, USA