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Umala, Bolivia

Formation	Umala
Member(s)	Ayo Ayo
Age:	5.33 - 3.60 Ma Neogene
Interval	Early Pliocene
Lithology	sandstone
Number of Collections	2
Number of Occurrences	23

Recorded Sample Locations

Location	Region	Stratigraphic Name
Umala	Colquechaca, Colquechaca Municipality, Chayanta Province, Potosí, Bolivia	Umala
Ayo Ayo tuff	Colquechaca, Colquechaca Municipality, Chayanta Province, Potosí, Bolivia	Umala - Ayo Ayo
USNM loc. 17984	Aroma Province, La Paz, Bolivia	Umala

Associated Units

Stratigraphic Name	Age	Lithology	Occurrence Records
Belen - Lower Belen	408 - 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	siltstone, "shale", mudstone, siltstone/mudstone, sandstone/"shale"	57
Belen - Upper Belen	408 - 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	sandstone/"shale", sandstone, "shale", siltstone/"shale"	34
Sica Sica - Santari Sandstone	393 - 388 Ma Devonian	sandstone	4
Umala - Ayo Ayo	2.59 - 0.78 Ma Pleistocene		3

Recorded Fossils

Accepted Name	Type	Hierarchy	Age
Cervidae family	5	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Cervidae	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Macroeuphractus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cingulata : Dasypodidae : *Macroeuphractus*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Pampatherium sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cingulata : Pampatheriidae : *Pampatherium*	6.8 - 4 Ma Neogene
Plaina sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cingulata : Pampatheriidae : *Plaina*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Sparassocynus heterotopicus species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Didelphimorphia : Sparassocynidae : Sparassocynus : *Sparassocynus heterotopicus*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Macrauchenia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Macraucheniidae : *Macrauchenia*	6.8 - 4 Ma Neogene
Macrauchenia patachonica species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Macraucheniidae : Macrauchenia : *Macrauchenia patachonica*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Promacrauchenia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Macraucheniidae : *Promacrauchenia*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Posnanskytherium sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Toxodontidae : *Posnanskytherium*	6.8 - 4 Ma Neogene
Posnanskytherium desaguaderoi species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Toxodontidae : Posnanskytherium : *Posnanskytherium desaguaderoi*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Caenolestidae family	5	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Paucituberculata : Caenolestidae	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Microtragulus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Polydolopimorphia : Argyrolagidae : *Microtragulus*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Phugatherium sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hydrochoeridae : *Phugatherium*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Praectenomys sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Octodontidae : *Praectenomys*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Megatherium sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Xenarthra : Megatheriidae : *Megatherium*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Megatherium altiplanicum species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Pilosa : Megatheriidae : Megatherium : *Megatherium altiplanicum*	6.8 - 4 Ma Neogene
Mylodontinae subfamily	5.3	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Xenarthra : Mylodontidae : Mylodontinae	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Scelidodon sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Pilosa : Mylodontidae : *Scelidodon*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Simomylodon uccasamamensis species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Xenarthra : Mylodontidae : Simomylodon : *Simomylodon uccasamamensis*	6.8 - 4 Ma Neogene

References

Marshall L. G., Sempere T. (1991) The Eocene to Pleistocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphic context: a review, Fósiles y Facies de Bolivia - Vol. 1 Vertebrados (Revista Ténica de YPFB) 12 3-4, 631-652

Saint-Andre P. A., De Iuliis G. (2001) The smallest and most ancient representative of the genus Megatherium Cuvier, 1796 (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Megatheriidae), from the Pliocene of the Bolivian Altiplano, Geodiversitas 23 4, 625-645

Saint-André P. A., Pujos F., et al (2010) Nouveaux paresseux terrestres (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) du Néogène de l’Altiplano bolivien, Geodiversitas 32 2, 255-306 doi:https://doi.org/10.5252/g2010n2a4

Deschamps C. M., Vucetich M. G., et al (2013) Capybaras (Rodentia, Hydrochoeridae, Hydrochoerinae) and their bearing in the calibration of the late Miocene-Pliocene sequences of South America, Journal of South American Earth Sciences 48, 145-158 doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2013.09.007

Boscaini A., Gaudin T. J., et al (2019) New well-preserved craniodental remains of Simomylodon uccasamamensis (Xenarthra: Mylodontidae) from the Pliocene of the Bolivian Altiplano: phylogenetic, chronostratigraphic and palaeobiogeographical implications, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185 2, 459-486 doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zly075/5187717

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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