Griffinite
A valid IMA mineral species
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Formula:
Al2TiO5
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
named in honor of William L. Griffin (b. 1941), a geologist at Macquarie University, Australia, for his outstanding contributions to mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry of the deep crust and lithospheric mantle, including intense investigations of materials from the Mount Carmel area.
Type Locality:
Identical to 'Unnamed (Al-analogue of Pseudobrookite)', now a synonym of griffinite, and possibly to UM1987-02-O:AlPTiZr. Chemically similar to machiite. Compare with pseudobrookite.
Occurs as inclusions within corundum xenocrysts from the type locality (Israel), but also occurs in pyrometamorphism-derived buchite, as the dominant pseudobrookite group end-member component in at least some "pseudobrookite" from Scotland, and as a notable but subordinate component in armalcolite from Disko Is., Greenland.
Occurs as inclusions within corundum xenocrysts from the type locality (Israel), but also occurs in pyrometamorphism-derived buchite, as the dominant pseudobrookite group end-member component in at least some "pseudobrookite" from Scotland, and as a notable but subordinate component in armalcolite from Disko Is., Greenland.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
55971
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:55971:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
3e514917-f9bd-4055-a093-f99292937ca6
IMA Classification of Griffinite
Approved
First published:
2023
Classification of Griffinite
4.CB.15
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Gfn | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Griffinite
Transparency:
Transparent
Chemistry of Griffinite
Mindat Formula:
Al2TiO5
Elements listed:
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| TiO2 | 44.41 % |
| Al2O3 | 55.13 % |
| FeO | 0.47 % |
| MgO | 0.37 % |
| Total | 100.38 % |
| Total: | 200.76 % |
Empirical formulas:
| Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
|---|---|
| 1 | (Al1.97Mg0.02Fe0.01)Ti1.01O5 |
Sample references:
| ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mount Carmel, Haifa District, Israel | average of eight electron probe (EPMA) microanalyses |
Crystallography of Griffinite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Cmcm
Setting:
Cmcm
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.58(2) Å, b = 9.44(1) Å, c = 9.65(1) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.379 : 1 : 1.022
Unit Cell V:
326.12 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.720 Å | (77) |
| 3.347 Å | (100) |
| 3.162 Å | (39) |
| 2.658 Å | (90) |
| 1.903 Å | (57) |
| 1.790 Å | (55) |
| 1.688 Å | (44) |
| 1.485 Å | (32) |
Comments:
X-ray powder diffraction data (in Å for CuKα, Bragg–Brentano geometry) were calculated with the unit cell parameters above, the crystallographic data of synthetic Al2TiO5, and the empirical formula, using Powder Cell version 2.4.
Type Occurrence of Griffinite
General Appearance of Type Material:
As inclusions within corundum xenocrysts. subhedral crystals, ~1–4 μm in size.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mineralogical collections of the Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra “A. Desio”, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 34, 20133 Milan, Italy, registration number MCMGPG-H2021-002.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Formed in melt pockets in corundum-aggregate xenoliths derived from the upper mantle beneath Mount Carmel, Israel. This association forms pseudomorphs and appears to reflect the oxidation breakdown of carmeltazite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Griffinite
Relationship of Griffinite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Armalcolite | (Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Ferropseudobrookite | Fe2+Ti2O5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm |
| Pseudobrookite | Fe2TiO5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Sassite | Ti3+2Ti4+O5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.CB. | Ferrohögbomite-2N2S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB. | Magnesiohögbomite-6N12S | Mg5Al11TiO23(OH) |
| 4.CB. | Zhenruite | (MoO3)2 · H2O |
| 4.CB. | Pengite | (Pb8Sb3+3)Σ11Sb5+9O35 |
| 4.CB. | Virgilluethite | MoO3 · H2O |
| 4.CB.05 | Brizziite | NaSb5+O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Corundum | Al2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Ecandrewsite | (Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)TiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Eskolaite | Cr2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Geikielite | MgTiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Karelianite | V3+2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Melanostibite | Mn2+2Fe3+Sb5+O6 |
| 4.CB.05 | Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Akimotoite | (Mg,Fe2+)SiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Auroantimonate | AuSbO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | UM1998-11-O-AuHSb | Au+2Sb3+O2(OH) |
| 4.CB.05 | Tistarite | Ti3+2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Unnamed (Fe-Cr Oxide) | FeCrO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Hemleyite | (Fe2+0.48Mg0.37Ca0.04Na0.04Mn2+0.03Al0.03Cr3+0.01)sum=1.00Si1.00O3 |
| 4.CB.10 | Avicennite | Tl2O3 |
| 4.CB.10 | Bixbyite-(Mn) | Mn3+2O3 |
| 4.CB.10 | Bixbyite-(Fe) | (Fe,Mn)2O3 |
| 4.CB.15 | Armalcolite | (Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5 |
| 4.CB.15 | Sassite | Ti3+2Ti4+O5 |
| 4.CB.15 | Pseudobrookite | Fe2TiO5 |
| 4.CB.15 | Ferropseudobrookite | Fe2+Ti2O5 |
| 4.CB.15 | Pseudobrookite Group | |
| 4.CB.20 | Zincohögbomite-2N2S | [(Zn,Al,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+,Ti)8O15(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Zincohögbomite-2N6S | [(Zn,Mg)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti)16O31(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S | [(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]6 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S | [(Mg,Fe2+,Zn)4(Al,Ti,Fe3+)10O19(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S | [(Mg,Fe2+)3[Al7(Ti,Fe3+)]O15(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Ferrohögbomite-6N12S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn)5(Al,Ti,Fe3+)12O23(OH)]6 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N4S | (Mg8.43Fe2+1.57)sum=10Al22Ti4+2O46(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiobeltrandoite-2N3S | (Mg6Al2)(Al18Fe3+2)O38(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Zincovelesite-6N6S | Zn3(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Ti)8O15(OH) |
| 4.CB.25 | Pseudorutile | Fe2Ti3O9 |
| 4.CB.25 | Kleberite | FeTi6O11(OH)5 |
| 4.CB.30 | Berdesinskiite | V3+2TiO5 |
| 4.CB.30 | Oxyvanite | V3+2V4+O5 |
| 4.CB.30 | Kaitianite | Ti3+2Ti4+O5 |
| 4.CB.35 | Olkhonskite | (Cr,V)2Ti3O9 |
| 4.CB.35 | Schreyerite | V3+2Ti3O9 |
| 4.CB.35 | Machiite | Al2Ti3O9 |
| 4.CB.35 | Vestaite | (Ti4+Fe2+)Ti4+3O9 |
| 4.CB.40 | Kamiokite | Fe2Mo3O8 |
| 4.CB.40 | Nolanite | V3+8Fe3+2O14(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.40 | Rinmanite | Zn2Sb2Mg2Fe4O14(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.40 | Iseite | Mn2Mo3O8 |
| 4.CB.40 | Majindeite | Mg2Mo3O8 |
| 4.CB.40 | Rinmanite-(Zn) | Zn2Sb2(Fe3+4Zn2)O14(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.45 | Claudetite | As2O3 |
| 4.CB.45 | Stibioclaudetite | AsSbO3 |
| 4.CB.50 | Arsenolite | As2O3 |
| 4.CB.50 | Senarmontite | Sb2O3 |
| 4.CB.55 | Valentinite | Sb2O3 |
| 4.CB.60 | Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| 4.CB.65 | Sphaerobismoite | Bi2O3 |
| 4.CB.70 | Sillénite | Bi12SiO20 |
| 4.CB.75 | Kyzylkumite | V3+Ti2O5(OH) |
| 4.CB.80 | Tietaiyangite | Fe3+4Fe2+TiO9 |
| 4.CB.85 | Liuite | FeTiO3 |
| 4.CB.90 | Luogufengite | Fe2O3 |
| 4.CB.95 | Wangdaodeite | FeTiO3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Griffinite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-55971.html
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References for Griffinite
Reference List:
Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Hatert, Frédéric, Pasero, Marco, Mills, Stuart J. (2022) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) – Newsletter 66. European Journal of Mineralogy, 34 (2) 253-257 doi:10.5194/ejm-34-253-2022
Localities for Griffinite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Israel (TL) | |
| Miyawaki et al. (2022) |
UK | |
| Frank K. Mazdab collection |
