Tolbachite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Tolbachite
Formation of the First Scoria Cone.
First scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia
First scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia
Formula:
CuCl2
Colour:
Brown to golden-brown
Lustre:
Pearly
Specific Gravity:
3.42 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named after its discovery locality, Large Fissure Tolbachik eruption near Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3990
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3990:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
3d0a4227-c0aa-43fa-aed9-1a9a246c3ed8
IMA Classification of Tolbachite
Approved
Approval year:
1982
Classification of Tolbachite
3.AB.05
3 : HALIDES
A : Simple halides, without H2O
B : M:X = 1:2
3 : HALIDES
A : Simple halides, without H2O
B : M:X = 1:2
9.2.8.2
9 : NORMAL HALIDES
2 : AX2
9 : NORMAL HALIDES
2 : AX2
8.2.2
8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
2 : Halides of Cu
8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
2 : Halides of Cu
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Tbc | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Tolbachite
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Tolbachite
Optical Data of Tolbachite
Type:
Biaxial
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Pale greenish ⊥ elongation; dark reddish brown parallel to elongation
Chemistry of Tolbachite
Mindat Formula:
CuCl2
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Tolbachite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.9038(9) Å, b = 3.2995(4) Å, c = 6.824(1) Å
β = 122.197(8)°
β = 122.197(8)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.092 : 1 : 2.068
Unit Cell V:
131.54 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0001544 | Tolbachite | Burns P C, Hawthorne F C (1993) Tolbachite, CuCl2, the first example of Cu2+ octahedrally coordinated by Cl American Mineralogist 78 187-189 | 1993 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
5.76 Å | (100) |
2.915 Å | (35) |
3.445 Å | (25) |
1.923 Å | (5) |
2.373 Å | (3) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals] | |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Tolbachite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Crystals, elongated, to 2 mm, in fibrous, mosslike growths incrusting basalt
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, 1290/1.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Bergasova, L.P., Filatov, S.K. (1983) New mineral tolbachite CuCl2. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 270: 415-417.
Synonyms of Tolbachite
Other Language Names for Tolbachite
Relationship of Tolbachite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Chloromagnesite | MgCl2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Lawrencite | (Fe2+,Ni)Cl2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Scacchite | MnCl2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
3.AB. | Fluorocronite | PbF2 |
3.AB. | Manuelarossiite | PbCaAlF7 |
3.AB.10 | Coccinite | HgI2 |
3.AB.15 | Sellaite | MgF2 |
3.AB.20 | Chloromagnesite | MgCl2 |
3.AB.20 | Lawrencite | (Fe2+,Ni)Cl2 |
3.AB.20 | Scacchite | MnCl2 |
3.AB.25 | Fluorite | CaF2 |
3.AB.25 | Frankdicksonite | BaF2 |
3.AB.25 | Strontiofluorite | SrF2 |
3.AB.30 | Tveitite-(Y) | (Y, Na)6Ca6Ca6(Ca,Na)F42 |
3.AB.35 | Gagarinite-(Y) | NaCaYF6 |
3.AB.35 | Gagarinite-(Ce) | Na(REExCa1-x)(REEyCa1-y)F6 |
3.AB.35 | Polezhaevaite-(Ce) | NaSrCeF6 |
3.AB.37 | Calcioaravaipaite | PbCa2AlF9 |
3.AB.85 | Cotunnite | PbCl2 |
Other Information
Notes:
Readily soluble in cold H2O;
Special Storage/
Display Requirements:
Display Requirements:
hygroscopic, alters rapidly to eriochalcite in air.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Tolbachite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3990.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Tolbachite
Localities for Tolbachite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Costa Rica | |
| Ulloa et al. (2018) |
Russia | |
| Pekov (1998) |
| DAN-SSSR (1983) +1 other reference |
| Pekov (1998) |
USA | |
| Graeme (1993) |
| Graeme (1993) +1 other reference |
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Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona, USA