Klyuchevskite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Klyuchevskite
Klyuchevskaya volcanoes from space
Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia
Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia
Formula:
K3Cu3(Fe3+,Al)(SO4)4O2
Colour:
Dark green to olive-green
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
3.00 - 3.15
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named for the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes, of which the type locality Tolbachik volcano is one.
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
This page provides mineralogical data about Klyuchevskite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2227
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2227:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
af6db5eb-e87e-457f-8f36-e88771a61a1b
IMA Classification of Klyuchevskite
Approved
IMA Formula:
K3Cu3Fe3+O2(SO4)4
Approval year:
1987
First published:
1989
Classification of Klyuchevskite
7.BC.45
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
30.4.1.1
30 : ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : Miscellaneous
30 : ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : Miscellaneous
25.2.26
25 : Sulphates
2 : Sulphates of Cu and Ag
25 : Sulphates
2 : Sulphates of Cu and Ag
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Kyv | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Klyuchevskite
Vitreous, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Dark green to olive-green
Streak:
Pale green
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN3=167 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {h0l}
On {h0l}
Density:
3.00 - 3.15 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.98 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Klyuchevskite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.549(1) nβ = 1.550(1) nγ = 1.680(1)
2V:
Calculated: 11°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.131
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Dispersion:
none
Optical Extinction:
Parallel extinction
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = olive-green, Y = green, Z = dark olive-green
Chemistry of Klyuchevskite
Mindat Formula:
K3Cu3(Fe3+,Al)(SO4)4O2
Common Impurities:
Pb
Crystallography of Klyuchevskite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2 - Sphenoidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 18.405(7) Å, b = 4.94(2) Å, c = 18.667(7) Å
β = 101.5(2)°
β = 101.5(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 3.726 : 1 : 3.779
Unit Cell V:
1,663.14 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Comment:
Space Group: I2.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0014497 | Klyuchevskite | Gorskaya M G, Filatov S K, Rozhdestvenskaya I V, Vergasova L P (1992) The crystal structure of klyuchevskite, K3Cu3(Fe,Al)O2(SO4)4, a new mineral from Kamchatka volcanic sublimates Mineralogical Magazine 56 411-416 | 1992 | Tolbachik Main Fracture Eruption, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
9.03 Å | (100) |
9.17 Å | (95) |
7.20 Å | (35) |
4.502 Å | (25) |
3.762 Å | (55) |
3.678 Å | (23) |
3.409 Å | (28) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates] | |
45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Klyuchevskite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Crystals in orientated aggregates, acicular, elongate [010], up to 0.1 mm long and not thicker than 0.01 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, 979/1.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Fumarole
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Vergasova, L.P., Filatov, S.K., Gorskaya, M.G., Ananiev, V.V., Sharov, A.S. (1989) Klyuchevskite K3Cu3Fe3+O2(SO4)4 — a new mineral from volcanic sublimates. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 118(1): 70-73.
Synonyms of Klyuchevskite
Other Language Names for Klyuchevskite
German:Klyuchevskit
Spanish:Klyuchevskita
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
5 photos of Klyuchevskite associated with Melanothallite | Cu2Cl2O |
4 photos of Klyuchevskite associated with Euchlorine | KNaCu3(SO4)3O |
2 photos of Klyuchevskite associated with Chalcocyanite | CuSO4 |
2 photos of Klyuchevskite associated with Eriochalcite | CuCl2 · 2H2O |
1 photo of Klyuchevskite associated with Ponomarevite | K4Cu4Cl10O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
7.BC. | Adranosite-(Fe) | (NH4)4NaFe3+2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2 |
7.BC. | Adranosite | (NH4)4NaAl2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2 |
7.BC. | D'Ansite-(Mn) | Na21Mn2+(SO4)10Cl3 |
7.BC. | Agaite | Pb3CuTeO5(OH)2(CO3) |
7.BC. | D'Ansite-(Fe) | Na21Fe2+(SO4)10Cl3 |
7.BC. | Acmonidesite | (NH4,K,Pb)8NaFe2+4(SO4)5Cl8 |
7.BC. | Backite | Pb2AlTeO6Cl |
7.BC. | Hagstromite | Pb8Cu2+(Te6+O6)2(CO3)Cl4 |
7.BC. | Wildcatite | CaFe3+Te6+O5(OH) |
7.BC. | Franksousaite | PbCu(Se6+O4)(OH)2 |
7.BC. | Zincochenite | Pb4Zn(OH)6(SO4)2 |
7.BC. | Viskontite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(SeO3)(OH)6 |
7.BC.05 | D'Ansite | Na21Mg(SO4)10Cl3 |
7.BC.07 | Apatelite | Fe3(SO4)2(OH)5 · 0.5H2O |
7.BC.07 | Unnamed (Ba-Fe Vanadate) | Ba, Fe, V, O, H |
7.BC.10 | Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
7.BC.10 | Ammonioalunite | (NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
7.BC.10 | Ammoniojarosite | (NH4)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
7.BC.10 | Argentojarosite | AgFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
7.BC.10 | Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
7.BC.10 | Dorallcharite | TlFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
7.BC.10 | Huangite | Ca0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
7.BC.10 | Hydroniumjarosite | (H3O)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
7.BC.10 | Jarosite | KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
7.BC.10 | Natroalunite-2c | (Na,Ca0.5,K)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
7.BC.10 | Natroalunite | NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
7.BC.10 | Natrojarosite | NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
7.BC.10 | Osarizawaite | Pb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
7.BC.10 | Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
7.BC.10 | Schlossmacherite | (H3O)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
7.BC.10 | Walthierite | Ba0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
7.BC.10 | Beaverite-(Zn) | Pb(Fe3+2Zn)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
7.BC.15 | Ye'elimite | Ca4Al6(SO4)O12 |
7.BC.20 | Atlasovite | K(BiO)Cu6Fe3+(SO4)5O3Cl |
7.BC.20 | Nabokoite | KCu7(SO4)5(Te4+O3)OCl |
7.BC.20 | Puninite | Na2Cu3O(SO4)3 |
7.BC.25 | Chlorothionite | K2Cu(SO4)Cl2 |
7.BC.30 | Euchlorine | KNaCu3(SO4)3O |
7.BC.30 | Fedotovite | K2Cu3(SO4)3O |
7.BC.35 | Kamchatkite | KCu3(SO4)2OCl |
7.BC.40 | Piypite | K4Cu4O2(SO4)4 · (Na,Cu)Cl |
7.BC.45 | Alumoklyuchevskite | K3Cu3(Al,Fe3+)(SO4)4O2 |
7.BC.45 | Belousovite | KZn(SO4)Cl |
7.BC.47 | Müllerite | Pb2Fe3+(Te6+O6)Cl |
7.BC.50 | Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
7.BC.50 | Elasmochloite | Na3Cu6BiO4(SO4)5 |
7.BC.52 | Eleomelanite | (K2Pb)Cu4O2(SO4)4 |
7.BC.55 | Wherryite | Pb7Cu2(SO4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
7.BC.55 | Falgarite | K4(VO)3(SO4)5 |
7.BC.57 | Krasheninnikovite | KNa2CaMg(SO4)3F |
7.BC.60 | Mammothite | Pb6Cu4AlSb5+O2(OH)16Cl4(SO4)2 |
7.BC.60 | Wulffite | K3NaCu4O2(SO4)4 |
7.BC.60 | Parawulffite | K5Na3Cu8O4(SO4)8 |
7.BC.62 | Shuvalovite | K2(Ca2Na)(SO4)3F |
7.BC.65 | Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
7.BC.65 | Schmiederite | Pb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4 |
7.BC.65 | Munakataite | Pb2Cu2(Se4+O3)(SO4)(OH)4 |
7.BC.65 | Therasiaite | (NH4)3KNa2Fe2+Fe3+(SO4)3Cl5 |
7.BC.65 | Saccoite | Ca2Mn3+2F(OH)8 · 0.5(SO4) |
7.BC.70 | Chenite | Pb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6 |
7.BC.75 | Krivovichevite | Pb3Al(OH)6(SO4)(OH) |
7.BC.80 | Anhydrokainite | KMg(SO4)Cl |
Other Information
Notes:
Readily soluble in H2O and weak acid (1:20).
Hydrates in air in one week. Stable in air up to 625°C.
Hydrates in air in one week. Stable in air up to 625°C.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Klyuchevskite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2227.html
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References for Klyuchevskite
Localities for Klyuchevskite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Russia (TL) | |
| Vergasova et al. (1989) +1 other reference |
| Pekov (1998) +1 other reference |
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Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia