Siderophyllite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Siderophyllite
Formula:
KFe2+2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Colour:
Dark green, brown, black
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
3.1
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
From Greek "σίδηρος" (sideros), for iron, plus "φύλλον" (phyllos), for leaf, alluding to its composition and perfect basal cleavage.
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3651
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3651:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
7e0ff2d5-6d2b-46ed-86c4-18f9030a5725
IMA Classification of Siderophyllite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
KFe2+2Al(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2
First published:
1881
Classification of Siderophyllite
9.EC.20
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
C : Phyllosilicates with mica sheets, composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
C : Phyllosilicates with mica sheets, composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
71.2.2b.5
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
2 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
2 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers
16.18.5
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
18 : Aluminosilicates of Fe and alkalis
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
18 : Aluminosilicates of Fe and alkalis
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Sid | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Sid | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Sid | Warr (2020) | Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30 |
Physical Properties of Siderophyllite
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Dark green, brown, black
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001}
{001}
Density:
3.1 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.17 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Siderophyllite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.582 nβ = 1.625 nγ = 1.625
2V:
Measured: 4°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.043
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r < v moderate
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X = brown; Y = Z = dark brown
Chemistry of Siderophyllite
Mindat Formula:
KFe2+2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Common Impurities:
Ti,Mn,Mg,Ca,Li,Na,Rb,Cs,Cl,H2O
Crystallography of Siderophyllite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.348(2) Å, b = 9.261(3) Å, c = 10.263(4) Å
β = 100.19(7)°
β = 100.19(7)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.577 : 1 : 1.108
Unit Cell V:
500.29 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Comment:
Point Group: n.d.; Space Group: n.d.;1M polytype.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0002506 | Siderophyllite | Brigatti M F, Lugli C, Poppi L, Foord E E, Kile D E (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado) sample: 140(2) American Mineralogist 85 1275-1286 | 2000 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002507 | Siderophyllite | Brigatti M F, Lugli C, Poppi L, Foord E E, Kile D E (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado) American Mineralogist 85 1275-1286 | 2000 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002508 | Siderophyllite | Brigatti M F, Lugli C, Poppi L, Foord E E, Kile D E (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado) American Mineralogist 85 1275-1286 | 2000 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002509 | Siderophyllite | Brigatti M F, Lugli C, Poppi L, Foord E E, Kile D E (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado) American Mineralogist 85 1275-1286 | 2000 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002927 | Siderophyllite | Redhammer G J, Roth G (2002) Single-crystal structure refinements and crystal chemistry of synthetic trioctahedral micas KM3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2, where M = Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Al American Mineralogist 87 1464-1476 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002931 | Siderophyllite | Redhammer G J, Roth G (2002) Single-crystal structure refinements and crystal chemistry of synthetic trioctahedral micas KM3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2, where M = Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Al American Mineralogist 87 1464-1476 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006975 | Siderophyllite | Brigatti M F, Kile D E, Poppi L (2003) Crystal structure and chemistry of lithium-bearing trioctahedral micas-3T European Journal of Mineralogy 15 349-355 | 2003 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006976 | Siderophyllite | Brigatti M F, Kile D E, Poppi L (2003) Crystal structure and chemistry of lithium-bearing trioctahedral micas-3T European Journal of Mineralogy 15 349-355 | 2003 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006977 | Siderophyllite | Brigatti M F, Kile D E, Poppi L (2003) Crystal structure and chemistry of lithium-bearing trioctahedral micas-3T European Journal of Mineralogy 15 349-355 | 2003 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
9.99 Å | (10b) |
2.62 Å | (10) |
3.36 Å | (9) |
3.27 Å | (9) |
1.542 Å | (9) |
2.432 Å | (8) |
1.666 Å | (8b) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
8 : Mafic igneous rocks | |
9 : Lava/xenolith minerals (hornfels, sanidinite facies) | |
Stage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust | >4.4-3.0 |
19 : Granitic intrusive rocks | |
20 : Acidic volcanic rocks | |
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations | |
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks | |
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Type Occurrence of Siderophyllite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Lewis, H.C. (1881) On siderophyllite - a new mineral. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: 32: 254-255.
Synonyms of Siderophyllite
Other Language Names for Siderophyllite
Varieties of Siderophyllite
Relationship of Siderophyllite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Annite | KFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Eastonite | KMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
Fluorannite | KFe2+3(Si3Al)O10F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Fluorotetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Oxyphlogopite | K(Mg,Ti,Fe)3[(Si,Al)4O10](O,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Tetraferriannite | KFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Tetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
8 photos of Siderophyllite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
3 photos of Siderophyllite associated with Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
3 photos of Siderophyllite associated with Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
3 photos of Siderophyllite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
1 photo of Siderophyllite associated with Aeschynite-(Y) | (Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 |
1 photo of Siderophyllite associated with Ferro-gedrite | ◻{Fe2+2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
1 photo of Siderophyllite associated with Anatase | TiO2 |
1 photo of Siderophyllite associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
1 photo of Siderophyllite associated with Spessartine | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.EC. | Balestraite | KLi2V5+Si4O12 |
9.EC. | Meifuite | KFe6(Si7Al)O19(OH)4Cl2 |
9.EC.05 | Minnesotaite | Fe2+3Si4O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.05 | Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.05 | Willemseite | Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.9.EC. | Voloshinite | Rb(LiAl1.5◻0.5)(Al0.5Si3.5)O10F2 |
9.EC.10 | Ferripyrophyllite | Fe3+Si2O5(OH) |
9.EC.10 | Pyrophyllite | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.10 | Luanshiweiite | KLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.10 | Fluorluanshiweiite | KLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10F2 |
9.EC.10 | Manganiceladonite | K(MgMn3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.10 | Garmite | CsLiMg2(Si4O10)F2 |
9.EC.10 | Gorbunovite | CsLi2(Ti,Fe)Si4O10(F,OH,O)2 |
9.EC.15 | Boromuscovite | KAl2(BSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Celadonite | K(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Chernykhite | (Ba,Na)(V3+,Al,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Montdorite | (K,Na)2(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)5(Si4O10)2(OH,F)4 |
9.EC.15 | Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Nanpingite | CsAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2 |
9.EC.15 | Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Roscoelite | K(V3+,Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Tobelite | (NH4,K)Al2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Aluminoceladonite | K(MgAl◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Chromphyllite | K(Cr,Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2 |
9.EC.15 | Ferroaluminoceladonite | K(Fe2+Al◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Ferroceladonite | K(Fe2+Fe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Chromceladonite | K(MgCr◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Tainiolite | KLiMg2(Si4O10)F2 |
9.EC.15 | Ganterite | (Ba,Na,K)(Al,Mg)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | UM1988-22-SiO:AlCaFFeHKLiMg | KLiMgAl2Si3O10F2 |
9.EC.15 | Kreiterite | CsLi2Fe3+(Si4O10)F2 |
9.EC.20 | Annite | KFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Ephesite | NaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Hendricksite | KZn3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Masutomilite | (K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Norrishite | KLiMn3+2(Si4O10)O2 |
9.EC.20 | Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Polylithionite | KLi2Al(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Preiswerkite | NaMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Tetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2 |
9.EC.20 | Fluorotetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)F2 |
9.EC.20 | Wonesite | (Na,K)(Mg,Fe,Al)6((Al,Si)4O10)2(OH,F)4 |
9.EC.20 | Eastonite | KMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Tetraferriannite | KFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Trilithionite | K(Li1.5Al1.5)(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Fluorannite | KFe2+3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
9.EC.20 | Shirokshinite | K(NaMg2)(Si4O10)F2 |
9.EC.20 | Shirozulite | KMn2+3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Sokolovaite | CsLi2Al(Si4O10)F2 |
9.EC.20 | Aspidolite | NaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
9.EC.20 | UM2004-49-SiO:AlCsFHKLi | (Cs,K)(Al,Li)2.6((Si,Al)4O10)(F,OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Suhailite | (NH4)Fe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Yangzhumingite | KMg2.5(Si4O10)F2 |
9.EC.20 | Orlovite | KLi2Ti(Si4O10)OF |
9.EC.20 | Oxyphlogopite | K(Mg,Ti,Fe)3[(Si,Al)4O10](O,F)2 |
9.EC.20 | Chloroferrokinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(Cl,OH,F)2 |
9.EC.22 | Pimelite | Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2O |
9.EC.30 | Chlorophaeite | (Ca,Mg,Fe)2Fe2Si4O13 · 10H2O |
9.EC.30 | Margarite | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.35 | Anandite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3((Si,Al,Fe)4O10)(S,OH)2 |
9.EC.35 | Bityite | CaLiAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.35 | Clintonite | CaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.35 | Kinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.35 | Ferrokinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH,F)2 |
9.EC.35 | Oxykinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(O,OH,F)2 |
9.EC.35 | Fluorokinoshitalite | BaMg3(Al2Si2O10)F2 |
9.EC.40 | Beidellite | (Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
9.EC.40 | Kurumsakite | (Zn,Ni,Cu)8Al8V5+2Si5O35 · 27H2O (?) |
9.EC.40 | Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
9.EC.40 | Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
9.EC.40 | Volkonskoite | Ca0.3(Cr,Mg,Fe)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
9.EC.40 | Yakhontovite | (Ca,Na)0.5(Cu,Fe,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · 3H2O |
9.EC.45 | Hectorite | Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
9.EC.45 | Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
9.EC.45 | Sauconite | Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
9.EC.45 | Spadaite | MgSiO2(OH)2 · H2O (?) |
9.EC.45 | Stevensite | (Ca,Na)xMg3-x(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.45 | Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
9.EC.45 | Zincsilite | Zn3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2O (?) |
9.EC.45 | Ferrosaponite | Ca0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
9.EC.45 | Hanjiangite | Ba2CaV3+Al(H2AlSi3O12)(CO3)2F |
9.EC.50 | Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
9.EC.52 | Tarasovite | near NaKAl11Si13O40(OH)9 · 3H2O |
9.EC.55 | Baileychlore | (Zn,Fe2+,Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Chamosite | (Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
9.EC.55 | Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Franklinfurnaceite | Ca2Fe3+Mn2+3Mn3+(Zn2Si2O10)(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Gonyerite | (Mn2+,Mg)5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Nimite | (Ni,Mg,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Orthochamosite | (Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8 |
9.EC.55 | Pennantite | Mn2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Sudoite | Mg2Al3(Si3Al)O10)(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Donbassite | Al4.33(Si3Al)O10(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Glagolevite | Na(Mg,Al)6(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8 |
9.EC.55 | Borocookeite | (LiAl4◻)[BSi3O10](OH)8 |
9.EC.60 | Aliettite | Ca0.2Mg6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 4H2O |
9.EC.60 | Corrensite | (Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 · nH2O |
9.EC.60 | Dozyite | Mg7Al2(Al2Si4O15)(OH)12 |
9.EC.60 | Hydrobiotite | K(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · nH2O |
9.EC.60 | Karpinskite | (Ni,Mg)2Si2O5(OH)2 (?) |
9.EC.60 | Kulkeite | Mg8Al(AlSi7O20)(OH)10 |
9.EC.60 | Lunijianlaite | Li0.7Al6.2(AlSi7O20)(OH,O)10 |
9.EC.60 | Rectorite | (Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O |
9.EC.60 | Saliotite | (Li,Na)Al3(AlSi3O10)(OH)5 |
9.EC.60 | Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
9.EC.60 | Brinrobertsite | Na0.3Al4(Si4O10)2(OH)4 · 3.5 H2O |
9.EC.65 | Macaulayite | (Fe,Al)24Si4O43(OH)2 |
9.EC.70 | Burckhardtite | Pb2(Fe3+Te6+)[AlSi3O8]O6 |
9.EC.75 | Ferrisurite | (Pb,Ca)2.4Fe3+2(Si4O10)(CO3)1.7(OH)3 · nH2O |
9.EC.75 | Surite | (Pb,Ca)3(Al,Fe2+,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(CO3)2(OH)2 |
9.EC.75 | Niksergievite | (Ba,Ca)2Al3(AlSi3O10)(CO3)(OH)6 · nH2O |
9.EC.80 | Kegelite | Pb8Al4(Si8O20)(SO4)2(CO3)4(OH)8 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Siderophyllite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3651.html
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References for Siderophyllite
Reference List:
Localities for Siderophyllite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| COLOMBO +2 other references |
Australia | |
| Everard |
Brazil | |
| C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) +1 other reference |
| Leandro et al. (2022) |
| M. Abrahao Moura et al. et al. (2) |
| Raimbault (1993) +1 other reference |
| Barros Neto et al. (2020) |
| Debowski et al. (2022) |
| Siachoque +2 other references |
Canada | |
| O'Reilly et al. (1982) |
| Tindle et al. (2005) |
| Lalonde et al. (1997) |
China | |
| Zhang et al. (2022) |
| Chen Diyun et al. (1997) |
| Dezi Wang et al. (1995) |
| Guo et al. (2022) |
| Wu et al. (2022) |
| Duan et al. (2024) |
| Chen Diyun et al. (1997) |
| Changshi Liu et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Ma et al. (2022) |
| Liu et al. (2022) |
| Zeng et al. (2023) |
| Yuping Su et al. (2007) |
Czech Republic | |
| Rieder et al. (1970) |
| Rieder et al. (1970) |
| Rieder et al. (1970) |
Rieder et al. (1970) | |
| Schreyer et al. (ferrocordierite) |
Staněk | |
Egypt | |
MinMag 63:821-836 | |
| Sami et al. (2017) +2 other references |
Abdalla (2006) | |
Finland | |
| C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) |
| C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) |
| C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) |
| Haapala Ilmari 1977 Petrography and ... |
C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) | |
C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) | |
| : C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) |
C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) | |
| C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) |
Finland/Russia | |
| C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) |
Haapala et al. (2005) | |
C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) | |
C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) | |
C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) | |
C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) | |
France | |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
Germany | |
| Rieder et al. (1970) |
| Rieder et al. (1970) |
| |
| Lauf (2006) |
India | |
| A.G. Dessai et al. |
| Roy et al. (2022) |
Ireland | |
| Barros et al. (2022) |
Barros et al. (2022) | |
| Barros et al. (2022) |
Italy | |
| Pezzotta et al. (1999) |
| Fabio Brignoli collection |
| Pezzotta et al. (1999) |
| Grill (1935) |
Albertini (1983) | |
| Albertini (2000) +1 other reference |
| Guastoni et al. (2019) |
Guastoni et al. (2019) | |
| Ferretti et al. (2008) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Evseev (1995) |
Niger | |
| J. Fabriès and G. Rocci |
Norway | |
| Müller et al. (2006) |
| Müller et al. (2006) |
Rosing-Schow et al. (2017) | |
| Müller et al. (2017) |
Rosing-Schow et al. (2017) | |
Rosing-Schow et al. (2017) | |
| Wilhelmsen (2020) |
Wilhelmsen (2020) | |
Rosing-Schow et al. (2018) | |
| De La Cruz et al. (2021) |
De La Cruz et al. (2021) | |
Portugal | |
Breiter et al. (2023) | |
| |
Romania | |
| Delia Cristina Papp et al. (2005) |
Russia | |
| Cherednichenko (2023) |
| Alekseev et al. (2017) |
Shunso Ishihara et al. (1997) +3 other references | |
Shunso Ishihara et al. (1997) +1 other reference | |
Bortnikov et al. (2008) | |
| Goryachev (2001) |
| Grant et al. (2001) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Trunilina et al. (2021) |
| Trunilina et al. (2024) |
| Trunilina et al. (2024) |
| Trunilina et al. (2024) |
| Sokol et al. (2010) |
webcenter.ru (2002) | |
Sokol et al. (2010) | |
| Thomas et al. (2009) |
| Thomas et al. (2009) |
| Kasatkin et al. (2014) |
Rwanda | |
| Royal Museum for Central Africa |
| Bertossa (1968) +1 other reference |
Sweden | |
| |
| |
Switzerland | |
| Weiβ et al. (2007) |
| C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) |
UK | |
| Rieder et al. (1970) |
Nockolds et al. (1939) | |
Ukraine | |
| Liventseva (n.d.) |
USA | |
| AmMin 29:373 |
| Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010) |
Karl Estes (1998) | |
| Brigatti et al. (2000) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Brigatti et al. (2000) |
| Brigatti et al. (2000) |
Brigatti et al. (2000) | |
| Hitchen (1) |
| McCallum (1996) |
| Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp242-261 +1 other reference |
| Earl Verbeek |
| Speer et al. (1981) |
| Speer et al. (1981) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Falster (1987) |
Zimbabwe | |
| Klemm et al. (2000) |
| Vetter et al. (1999) |
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Seula mine, Mount Camoscio, Oltrefiume, Baveno, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy