Calafuria quarry, Livorno, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italyi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Calafuria quarry | Group of Quarries (Disused) |
| Livorno | Municipality |
| Livorno Province | Province |
| Tuscany | Region |
| Italy | - not defined - |
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Type:
Group of Quarries (Disused) - last checked 2021
Mindat Locality ID:
54312
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:54312:8
GUID (UUID V4):
2d19b5a7-b974-418f-b88d-8c2579c98552
Sandstone ("Macigno di Calafuria") quarries opened in the "Flysch arenaceo di Calafuria" formation. Mineralizations of sulphides and baryte in faults turned in the Appenninic direction (NW-SE).
GPS coordinates are approximate.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsMineral List
38 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Anatase Formula: TiO2 Colour: blue |
| ⓘ Ankerite Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 Colour: reddish-brown Description: Visually very similar to both dolomite and siderite |
| ⓘ Aragonite Formula: CaCO3 |
| ⓘ Bariopharmacosiderite ? Formula: Ba0.5Fe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 5H2O Description: As yet unconfirmed, analysis is pending.
Only hypothesized, and it turned out not to be in recent analyzes. [Marco Bonifazi2021] |
| ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 Habit: tabular Colour: colourless to white |
| ⓘ Baryte var. Strontium-bearing Baryte Formula: (Ba,Sr)SO4 Habit: (rosettes/spherules of) acicular crystals; tabular Colour: white |
| ⓘ Brookite Formula: TiO2 |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 |
| ⓘ Celestine ? Formula: SrSO4 Habit: elongated bi-terminated Description: Only hypothesized, and it turned out not to be in recent analyzes. |
| ⓘ Cerussite Formula: PbCO3 Habit: microcrystalline crusts on galena Colour: white |
| ⓘ Cervantite ? Formula: Sb3+Sb5+O4 |
| ⓘ Cinnabar Formula: HgS |
| ⓘ Copiapite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| ⓘ Covellite Formula: CuS Description: Identified by Orlandi (1971) as rare traces in thin sections. References: |
| ⓘ Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS Habit: cubes, sometimes modified by octahedral faces Colour: grey |
| ⓘ Goethite Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH) Habit: botryoidal Colour: black |
| ⓘ Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O Habit: tabular Colour: colourless |
| ⓘ Hematite ? Formula: Fe2O3 Description: Innocenti & Bartolozzi (2002): "In the coastal area from Bocchale to Calafuria there are numerous loose hematite crystals, certainly originating from Elba, probably transported here by the Etruscans to obtain iron. In this regard, during our surveys, we found some small accumulations of metallurgical slag along the course of the Botro di Calafuria Sud and near the outlet of the latter in the sandstone quarry. In the past, numerous scholars have clashed about the presence of this mineral in Calafuria as an indigenous species.
That's true, also find some slags, but it is not a mineral of the locality as said |
| ⓘ Hydromagnesite Formula: Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O Habit: Small spots on marcasite Colour: white |
| ⓘ Jarosite Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 Habit: microcrystals; pseudo-tabular Colour: yellow |
| ⓘ Kermesite ? Formula: Sb2S2O Description: Not yet analytically confirmed. |
| ⓘ 'Limonite' |
| ⓘ Marcasite Formula: FeS2 |
| ⓘ Melanterite Formula: Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O Habit: efflorescences Colour: greenish blue |
| ⓘ Metacinnabar Formula: HgS Colour: grey to black Description: Inclusions in baryte had been previously mistaken for "tetrahedrite" in earlier publications, but after analysis turned out to be metacinnabar. |
| ⓘ Metacinnabar var. Leviglianite Formula: HgS Description: Inclusions in baryte had been previously mistaken for "tetrahedrite" in earlier publications, but after analysis turned out to be Zn-bearing metacinnabar. |
| ⓘ Metastibnite ? Formula: Sb2S3 Description: Not yet analytically confirmed. |
| ⓘ Minium ? Formula: Pb3O4 Habit: crusts on galena Colour: red Description: Visual tentative identification, not analysed. |
| ⓘ Natrojarosite Formula: NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ Pharmacosiderite Formula: KFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O Habit: cubes Colour: bottle green, colourless, reddish |
| ⓘ Pickeringite Formula: MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O Habit: acicular with a silky lustre Colour: white Description: Associated with melanterite, copiapite and gypsum in a small alteration zone of the iron sulphides marcasite and pyrite. |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Scorodite Formula: Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O Colour: green, blue, yellow Description: Analysed only in 2020 and confirmed EDS |
| ⓘ Senarmontite ? Formula: Sb2O3 Habit: pseudo-octahedra Description: Pseudo-octahedra included in Baryte. Not yet analytically confirmed.
Only hypothesized, and it turned out not to be in recent analyzes. |
| ⓘ Siderite Formula: FeCO3 Habit: rhombohedra |
| ⓘ Smithsonite Formula: ZnCO3 Colour: whitish Description: Microconcretions in fractures in the sphalerite. |
| ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS |
| ⓘ 'Stibiconite' Formula: Sb3+Sb5+2O6(OH) Colour: creamy white to yellowish Description: inclusions in baryte |
| ⓘ Stibnite Formula: Sb2S3 Habit: pseudoprismatic inclusions in baryte; also as tufts of radiating crystals not included in baryte Colour: metallic grey |
| ⓘ Sulphur Formula: S8 Description: Post-collecting formation on decomposing marcasite. |
| ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' ? Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S Description: "Tetrahedrite was reported on the coast but not specified where exactly in a study on a thin section in 1977 and never reported later. It appeared in a writing by Uzielli in the 1800s, but it is the one included in the baryte that turned out to be a metacinnabar." (Marco Bonifazi pers. comm.) References: |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Sulphur | 1.CC.05 | S8 |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Covellite | 2.CA.05a | CuS |
| ⓘ | Metacinnabar var. Leviglianite | 2.CB.05a | HgS |
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Metacinnabar | 2.CB.05a | HgS |
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Cinnabar | 2.CD.15a | HgS |
| ⓘ | Stibnite | 2.DB.05 | Sb2S3 |
| ⓘ | Metastibnite ? | 2.DB.05 | Sb2S3 |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Marcasite | 2.EB.10a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Kermesite ? | 2.FD.05 | Sb2S2O |
| ⓘ | 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' ? | 2.GB.05 | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Goethite | 4.00. | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Minium ? | 4.BD.05 | Pb3O4 |
| ⓘ | Hematite ? | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Senarmontite ? | 4.CB.50 | Sb2O3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Anatase | 4.DD.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Brookite | 4.DD.10 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Cervantite ? | 4.DE.30 | Sb3+Sb5+O4 |
| ⓘ | 'Stibiconite' | 4.DH.20 | Sb3+Sb5+2O6(OH) |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Smithsonite | 5.AB.05 | ZnCO3 |
| ⓘ | Siderite | 5.AB.05 | FeCO3 |
| ⓘ | Ankerite | 5.AB.10 | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Cerussite | 5.AB.15 | PbCO3 |
| ⓘ | Hydromagnesite | 5.DA.05 | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Celestine ? | 7.AD.35 | SrSO4 |
| ⓘ | Baryte var. Strontium-bearing Baryte | 7.AD.35 | (Ba,Sr)SO4 |
| ⓘ | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 | |
| ⓘ | Jarosite | 7.BC.10 | KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Natrojarosite | 7.BC.10 | NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Melanterite | 7.CB.35 | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Pickeringite | 7.CB.85 | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| ⓘ | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Copiapite | 7.DB.35 | Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Scorodite | 8.CD.10 | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Pharmacosiderite | 8.DK.10 | KFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| ⓘ | Bariopharmacosiderite ? | 8.DK.10 | Ba0.5Fe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 5H2O |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Bariopharmacosiderite | Ba0.5Fe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Copiapite | Fe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| H | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Natrojarosite | NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| H | ⓘ Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| H | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Stibiconite | Sb3+Sb25+O6(OH) |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| C | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Anatase | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Bariopharmacosiderite | Ba0.5Fe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Brookite | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Cervantite | Sb3+Sb5+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Copiapite | Fe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Kermesite | Sb2S2O |
| O | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Minium | Pb3O4 |
| O | ⓘ Natrojarosite | NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| O | ⓘ Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Senarmontite | Sb2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Stibiconite | Sb3+Sb25+O6(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Baryte var. Strontium-bearing Baryte | (Ba,Sr)SO4 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Natrojarosite | NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Cinnabar | HgS |
| S | ⓘ Copiapite | Fe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| S | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Kermesite | Sb2S2O |
| S | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| S | ⓘ Metacinnabar | HgS |
| S | ⓘ Metastibnite | Sb2S3 |
| S | ⓘ Natrojarosite | NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| S | ⓘ Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| S | ⓘ Sulphur | S8 |
| S | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| S | ⓘ Baryte var. Strontium-bearing Baryte | (Ba,Sr)SO4 |
| S | ⓘ Metacinnabar var. Leviglianite | HgS |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| K | ⓘ Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Anatase | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Brookite | TiO2 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Bariopharmacosiderite | Ba0.5Fe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 5H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Copiapite | Fe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Natrojarosite | NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| Cu | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Bariopharmacosiderite | Ba0.5Fe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 5H2O |
| As | ⓘ Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| As | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| Sr | Strontium | |
| Sr | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| Sr | ⓘ Baryte var. Strontium-bearing Baryte | (Ba,Sr)SO4 |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | ⓘ Cervantite | Sb3+Sb5+O4 |
| Sb | ⓘ Kermesite | Sb2S2O |
| Sb | ⓘ Metastibnite | Sb2S3 |
| Sb | ⓘ Senarmontite | Sb2O3 |
| Sb | ⓘ Stibiconite | Sb3+Sb25+O6(OH) |
| Sb | ⓘ Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| Sb | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Bariopharmacosiderite | Ba0.5Fe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 5H2O |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte var. Strontium-bearing Baryte | (Ba,Sr)SO4 |
| Hg | Mercury | |
| Hg | ⓘ Cinnabar | HgS |
| Hg | ⓘ Metacinnabar | HgS |
| Hg | ⓘ Metacinnabar var. Leviglianite | HgS |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Pb | ⓘ Minium | Pb3O4 |
Fossils
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References
Calafuria quarry, Livorno, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy