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Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congoi
Regional Level Types
Nyiragongo VolcanoVolcano
Nyiragongo TerritoryTerritory
North KivuProvince
DR CongoCountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
07022870014948405709125.jpg
Lava flow in the outskirts of Goma

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
07926390017056216867476.jpg
Magnetite

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
09145830014977538497017.jpg
Magnetite

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
01655930014947346511992.jpg
Lava flow in the outskirts of Goma

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
07926390017056216867476.jpg
Magnetite

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
06128890014950097487914.jpg
Magnetite

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
07022870014948405709125.jpg
Lava flow in the outskirts of Goma

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
07926390017056216867476.jpg
Magnetite

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
1° 31' 19'' South , 29° 14' 58'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
-1.52199,29.24949
GeoHash:
G#: kxsz3dfvf
GRN:
S02E21
Type:
Volcano
Köppen climate type:
Cfb : Temperate oceanic climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Goma144,124 (2012)17.1km
Gisenyi83,623 (2010)20.1km
Sake17,151 (2012)23.6km
Musanze86,685 (2016)42.9km
Kisoro12,400 (2016)55.1km
Mindat Locality ID:
4321
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:4321:5
GUID (UUID V4):
fdc69af2-6d20-4164-9c81-032b6e6a4349
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Niragongo


An active volcano.

Latest eruption 22 and 23 May 2021.

Previous known eruptions: 1884, 1894, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1908(?), 1911, 1918, 1920-21, 1927-77, 1977, 1982, 1994-96, 2002, 2021.

Located north of Goma City near Lake Kivu.

Melilite and leucite nephelinite lava.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

36 valid minerals. 6 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Åkermanite
Formula: Ca2Mg[Si2O7]
ⓘ Andrémeyerite (TL)
Formula: BaFe2+2(Si2O7)
Type Locality:
Description: The mineral was identified from a single specimen in vesicles of melilite-leucite-nephelinite lava,…Associated minerals are nepheline, leucite, clinopyroxene, kirschsteinite, and melilite, along with a green glass (intimately associated. Crystals are less than 0.2 mm long,0.1 mm in diameter with {100} and {011> dominant. Color pale emerald-green
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, T.G., Siivola, J. and P. Rehtijärvi, P. (1973): Andremeyerite, a new barium iron silicate from Nyiragongo, Zaire. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 45, 1-8.
Sahama, T. G. (1973). Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. Journal of Petrology, 14(1), 33-48. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., & Sack, R. O. (1988). Experimental petrology of melilite nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29(6), 1233-1255. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
Andersen, T., Elburg, M. A., & Erambert, M. (2014). Extreme peralkalinity in delhayelite-and andremeyerite-bearing nephelinite from Nyiragongo volcano, East African Rift. Lithos, 206, 164-178.
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, T.G., Siivola, J. and P. Rehtijärvi, P. (1973): Andremeyerite, a new barium iron silicate from Nyiragongo, Zaire. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 45, 1-8.
Sahama, T. G. (1973). Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. Journal of Petrology, 14(1), 33-48. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., & Sack, R. O. (1988). Experimental petrology of melilite nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29(6), 1233-1255. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
Andersen, T., Elburg, M. A., & Erambert, M. (2014). Extreme peralkalinity in delhayelite-and andremeyerite-bearing nephelinite from Nyiragongo volcano, East African Rift. Lithos, 206, 164-178.
ⓘ Aphthitalite
Formula: (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, T. G. (1973). Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. Journal of Petrology, 14(1), 33-48. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., & Sack, R. O. (1988). Experimental petrology of melilite nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29(6), 1233-1255. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
Haapala, I. L. M. A. R. I. (2011). Th. G. Sahama’s (1910–1983) volcanological and mineralogical studies in Africa: Part I. Expeditions to the Virunga Volcanic Field and petrological-mineralogical studies on the Nyiragongo volcano. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 83, 41-55.
Andersen, T., Elburg, M. A., & Erambert, M. (2014). Extreme peralkalinity in delhayelite-and andremeyerite-bearing nephelinite from Nyiragongo volcano, East African Rift. Lithos, 206, 164-178.
ⓘ Chlorbartonite ?
Formula: K6Fe24S26(Cl,S)
ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, T. G. (1973). Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. Journal of Petrology, 14(1), 33-48. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., & Sack, R. O. (1988). Experimental petrology of melilite nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29(6), 1233-1255. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
Haapala, I. L. M. A. R. I. (2011). Th. G. Sahama’s (1910–1983) volcanological and mineralogical studies in Africa: Part I. Expeditions to the Virunga Volcanic Field and petrological-mineralogical studies on the Nyiragongo volcano. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 83, 41-55.
ⓘ Combeite (TL)
Formula: Na4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
ⓘ Cordierite
Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
ⓘ Cuspidine
Formula: Ca8(Si2O7)2F4
ⓘ Delhayelite (TL)
Formula: (Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ Elpasolite
Formula: K2NaAlF6
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, T. G. (1973). Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. Journal of Petrology, 14(1), 33-48. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., & Sack, R. O. (1988). Experimental petrology of melilite nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29(6), 1233-1255. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
ⓘ Forsterite
Formula: Mg2SiO4
ⓘ Fresnoite
Formula: Ba2Ti(Si2O7)O
ⓘ 'Glass'
Description: Green glass.
ⓘ Götzenite (TL)
Formula: NaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Halite
Formula: NaCl
ⓘ Hedenbergite
Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6
ⓘ Hieratite
Formula: K2[SiF6]
ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ Kalsilite
Formula: KAlSiO4
ⓘ Kirschsteinite (TL)
Formula: CaFe2+SiO4
ⓘ Leucite
Formula: K(AlSi2O6)
References:
Strübel, Zimmer: "Lexikon der Minerale", 2nd Ed., 1991
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, T. G. (1973). Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. Journal of Petrology, 14(1), 33-48. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., & Sack, R. O. (1988). Experimental petrology of melilite nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29(6), 1233-1255. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
Haapala, I. L. M. A. R. I. (2011). Th. G. Sahama’s (1910–1983) volcanological and mineralogical studies in Africa: Part I. Expeditions to the Virunga Volcanic Field and petrological-mineralogical studies on the Nyiragongo volcano. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 83, 41-55.
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, T.G., Siivola, J. and P. Rehtijärvi, P. (1973): Andremeyerite, a new barium iron silicate from Nyiragongo, Zaire. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 45, 1-8.
Sahama, T. G. (1973). Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. Journal of Petrology, 14(1), 33-48. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., & Sack, R. O. (1988). Experimental petrology of melilite nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29(6), 1233-1255. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, T. G. (1973). Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. Journal of Petrology, 14(1), 33-48. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., & Sack, R. O. (1988). Experimental petrology of melilite nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29(6), 1233-1255. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
ⓘ 'Melilite Group'
Formula: Ca2M(XSiO7)
References:
Strübel, Zimmer: "Lexikon der Minerale", 2nd Ed., 1991
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, T. G. (1973). Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. Journal of Petrology, 14(1), 33-48. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., & Sack, R. O. (1988). Experimental petrology of melilite nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29(6), 1233-1255. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
Haapala, I. L. M. A. R. I. (2011). Th. G. Sahama’s (1910–1983) volcanological and mineralogical studies in Africa: Part I. Expeditions to the Virunga Volcanic Field and petrological-mineralogical studies on the Nyiragongo volcano. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 83, 41-55.
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
References:
Strübel, Zimmer: "Lexikon der Minerale", 2nd Ed., 1991
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, T. G. (1973). Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. Journal of Petrology, 14(1), 33-48. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., & Sack, R. O. (1988). Experimental petrology of melilite nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29(6), 1233-1255. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
Haapala, I. L. M. A. R. I. (2011). Th. G. Sahama’s (1910–1983) volcanological and mineralogical studies in Africa: Part I. Expeditions to the Virunga Volcanic Field and petrological-mineralogical studies on the Nyiragongo volcano. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 83, 41-55.
ⓘ Perovskite
Formula: CaTiO3
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, T. G. (1973). Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. Journal of Petrology, 14(1), 33-48. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., & Sack, R. O. (1988). Experimental petrology of melilite nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29(6), 1233-1255. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Sanidine
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Sillimanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘ Sodalite
Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘ Spinel
Formula: MgAl2O4
ⓘ Sylvite
Formula: KCl
ⓘ Thénardite
Formula: Na2SO4
ⓘ Trikalsilite (TL)
Formula: K2NaAl3(SiO4)3
Type Locality:
ⓘ Troilite
Formula: FeS
ⓘ Umbrianite
Formula: K7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘTroilite2.CC.10FeS
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘChlorbartonite ?2.FC.10K6Fe24S26(Cl,S)
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘSylvite3.AA.20KCl
ⓘHalite3.AA.20NaCl
ⓘElpasolite3.CB.15K2NaAlF6
ⓘHieratite3.CH.15K2[SiF6]
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘMagnetite
var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite		4.BB.05Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘSpinel4.BB.05MgAl2O4
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘPerovskite4.CC.30CaTiO3
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘAphthitalite7.AC.35(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
ⓘThénardite7.AD.25Na2SO4
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘKirschsteinite (TL)9.AC.05CaFe2+SiO4
ⓘForsterite9.AC.05Mg2SiO4
ⓘSillimanite9.AF.05Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘÅkermanite9.BB.10Ca2Mg[Si2O7]
ⓘAndrémeyerite (TL)9.BB.20BaFe2+2(Si2O7)
ⓘFresnoite9.BE.15Ba2Ti(Si2O7)O
ⓘCuspidine9.BE.17Ca8(Si2O7)2F4
ⓘGötzenite (TL)9.BE.22NaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
ⓘCordierite9.CJ.10(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
ⓘCombeite (TL)9.CJ.15aNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
ⓘDiopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘHedenbergite9.DA.15CaFe2+Si2O6
ⓘDelhayelite (TL)9.EB.10(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
ⓘUmbrianite9.EB.25K7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘTrikalsilite (TL)9.FA.05K2NaAl3(SiO4)3
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘKalsilite9.FA.05KAlSiO4
ⓘSanidine9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘSodalite9.FB.10Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘLeucite9.GB.05K(AlSi2O6)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Hornblende Root Name Group'-◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
ⓘ'Glass'-
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Melilite Group'-Ca2M(XSiO7)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ CombeiteNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
Hⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CCarbon
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ ÅkermaniteCa2Mg[Si2O7]
Oⓘ AndrémeyeriteBaFe22+(Si2O7)
Oⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ CombeiteNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
Oⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Oⓘ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Oⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Oⓘ FresnoiteBa2Ti(Si2O7)O
Oⓘ GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Oⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Oⓘ KirschsteiniteCaFe2+SiO4
Oⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Oⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Oⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Oⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Oⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Oⓘ TrikalsiliteK2NaAl3(SiO4)3
Oⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Oⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Oⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
FFluorine
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Fⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Fⓘ ElpasoliteK2NaAlF6
Fⓘ GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Fⓘ HieratiteK2[SiF6]
Fⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Fⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
NaSodium
Naⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Naⓘ CombeiteNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
Naⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Naⓘ ElpasoliteK2NaAlF6
Naⓘ GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Naⓘ HaliteNaCl
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Naⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Naⓘ TrikalsiliteK2NaAl3(SiO4)3
Naⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ ÅkermaniteCa2Mg[Si2O7]
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
AlAluminium
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Alⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Alⓘ ElpasoliteK2NaAlF6
Alⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Alⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Alⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Alⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Alⓘ TrikalsiliteK2NaAl3(SiO4)3
Alⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Alⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ ÅkermaniteCa2Mg[Si2O7]
Siⓘ AndrémeyeriteBaFe22+(Si2O7)
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ CombeiteNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
Siⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Siⓘ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Siⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Siⓘ FresnoiteBa2Ti(Si2O7)O
Siⓘ GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Siⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Siⓘ HieratiteK2[SiF6]
Siⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Siⓘ KirschsteiniteCaFe2+SiO4
Siⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Siⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Siⓘ TrikalsiliteK2NaAl3(SiO4)3
Siⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Siⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Siⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Siⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Sⓘ TroiliteFeS
Sⓘ ChlorbartoniteK6Fe24S26(Cl,S)
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Clⓘ HaliteNaCl
Clⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Clⓘ SylviteKCl
Clⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Clⓘ ChlorbartoniteK6Fe24S26(Cl,S)
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Clⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
KPotassium
Kⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Kⓘ ElpasoliteK2NaAlF6
Kⓘ HieratiteK2[SiF6]
Kⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Kⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ SylviteKCl
Kⓘ TrikalsiliteK2NaAl3(SiO4)3
Kⓘ ChlorbartoniteK6Fe24S26(Cl,S)
Kⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ ÅkermaniteCa2Mg[Si2O7]
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ CombeiteNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
Caⓘ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Caⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Caⓘ KirschsteiniteCaFe2+SiO4
Caⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Caⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Caⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Caⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ FresnoiteBa2Ti(Si2O7)O
Tiⓘ GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Tiⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Tiⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
FeIron
Feⓘ AndrémeyeriteBaFe22+(Si2O7)
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Feⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Feⓘ KirschsteiniteCaFe2+SiO4
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Feⓘ TroiliteFeS
Feⓘ ChlorbartoniteK6Fe24S26(Cl,S)
BaBarium
Baⓘ AndrémeyeriteBaFe22+(Si2O7)
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Baⓘ FresnoiteBa2Ti(Si2O7)O

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Nyiragongo
Wikidata ID:Q214696

Localities in this Region

DR Congo

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Africa
African PlateTectonic Plate
DR Congo

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References

Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
(n.d.)
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536.
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, T.G., Siivola, J.P., Rehtijärvi, P. (1973) Andremeyerite, a new barium iron silicate from Nyiragongo, Zaire. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 45, 1-8.
Sahama, T. G. (1973). Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. Journal of Petrology, 14(1), 33-48. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., & Sack, R. O. (1988). Experimental petrology of melilite nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29(6), 1233-1255. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
Woolley, A.R. (2001) Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 47.
Haapala, I. (2011) Th.G. Sahama’s (1910–1983) volcanological and mineralogical studies in Africa: Part I. Expeditions to the Virunga Volcanic Field and petrological-mineralogical studies on the Nyiragongo volcano. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 83, 41–55.
Andersen, T., Elburg, M., & Erambert, M. (2012). Petrology of combeite-and götzenite-bearing nephelinite at Nyiragongo, Virunga Volcanic Province in the East African Rift. Lithos, 152, 105-121.
Andersen, T., Elburg, M. A., Erambert, M. (2014) Extreme peralkalinity in delhayelite-and andremeyerite-bearing nephelinite from Nyiragongo volcano, East African Rift. Lithos, 206, 164-178.
Badriyo Agama, I., Chazot, G., Kamgang, P. (2022): Pure forsterite in Nyiragongo lavas: evidence for subsolidus oxidation of volcanic rocks. Acta Geochimica: 41: 12–23.
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