登录注册
Quick Links : Mindat手册The Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
主页关于 MindatMindat手册Mindat的历史版权Who We Are联系我们于 Mindat.org刊登广告
捐赠给 MindatCorporate Sponsorship赞助板页已赞助的板页在 Mindat刊登 广告的广告商于 Mindat.org刊登广告
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
搜索矿物的性质搜索矿物的化学Advanced Locality Search随意显示任何一 种矿物Random Locality使用minID搜索邻近产地Search Articles搜索词汇表更多搜索选项
搜索:
矿物名称:
地区产地名称:
关键字:
 
Mindat手册添加新照片Rate Photos产区编辑报告Coordinate Completion Report添加词汇表项目
Mining Companies统计会员列表Mineral MuseumsClubs & Organizations矿物展及活动The Mindat目录表设备设置The Mineral Quiz
照片搜索Photo GalleriesSearch by Color今天最新的照片昨天最新的照片用户照片相集过去每日精选照片相集Photography

Mocoa, Putumayo Department, Colombiai
Regional Level Types
MocoaMunicipality
Putumayo DepartmentDepartment
ColombiaCountry

This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
PhotosMapsSearch
Largest Settlements:
PlacePopulation
Mocoa22,035 (2015)
Mindat Locality ID:
284313
Long-form identifier:
1:2:284313:4
GUID (UUID V4):
34e076ea-d87a-4462-bc3e-248daa41c469
Other Languages:
French:
Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombie
German:
Mocoa, Departamento de Putumayo, Kolumbien
Italian:
Mocoa, Dipartimento di Putumayo, Colombia
Russian:
Мокоа, Путумайо, Колумбия
Simplified Chinese:
莫科阿, 普图马约省, 哥伦比亚
Spanish:
Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombia
Arabic:
موكوا, إدارة بوتومايو, كولومبيا
Asturian:
Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombia
Azeri:
Mokoa, Putumayo, Kolumbiya
Basque:
Mocoa, Putumayo, Kolonbia
Bengali:
মোকোয়া, পুতোমাইয়ো বিভাগ, কলম্বিয়া
Catalan:
Mocoa, Putumayo, Colòmbia
Cebuano:
Mocoa, Departamento del Putumayo, Colombia
Danish:
Mocoa, Putumayo Department, Colombia
Dutch:
Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombia
Farsi/Persian:
موکوآ, بخش پوتومایو, کلمبیا
Finnish:
Mocoa, Putumayo, Kolumbia
Georgian:
მოკოა, პუტუმაიოს დეპარტამენტი, კოლუმბია
Greek:
Μόκοα, Πουτουμάγιο, Κολομβία
Gujarati:
મોકોઆ, પુટુમેયો વિભાગ, કોલમ્બીયા
Hebrew:
מוקואה, פוטומיו, קולומביה
Hindi:
मोको, पुटुमाओ विभाग, कोलम्बिया
Hungarian:
Mocoa, Putumayo megye, Kolumbia
Indonesian:
Mocoa, Departemen Putumayo, Kolombia
Irish Gaelic:
Mocoa, An Cholóim
Japanese:
モコア, プトゥマヨ県, コロンビア
Kannada:
ಮೊಕೊವಾ, ಪುಟುಮಾಯಿ ಇಲಾಖೆ, ಕೊಲೊಂಬಿಯ
Korean:
모코아, 푸투마요주, 콜롬비아
Latvian:
Mokoa, Putumajo departaments, Kolumbija
Lithuanian:
Mokoa, Putumajo departamentas, Kolumbija
Malay:
Mocoa, Pentadbiran Putumayo, Colombia
Marathi:
मोकाआ, पुत्तुमा विभाग, कोलंबिया
Minnan / Hokkien-Taiwanese:
Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombia
Northern Frisian:
Mocoa , Kolumbien
Norwegian:
Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombia
Norwegian (Nynorsk):
Mocoa, Putumayo-departementet, Colombia
Polish:
Mocoa, Putumayo, Kolumbia
Portuguese:
Mocoa, Putumayo, Colômbia
Quechua:
Mocoa, Putumayu suyu, Kulumbya
Scots:
Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombie
Scottish Gaelic:
Mocoa, Putumayo, Coloimbia
Serbo-Croatian:
Mocoa, Kolumbija
Sinhalese:
මොකොආ, පුටුමායෝ දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව, කොලොම්බියාව
Swedish:
Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombia
Tagalog:
Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombia
Tamil:
மொகாஅ, புதுமையோ துறை, கொலம்பியா
Telugu:
మోకావా, పుటుమాయో డిపార్ట్మెంట్, కొలంబియా
Thai:
โมโกอา, จังหวัดปูตูมาโย, ประเทศโคลอมเบีย
Turkish:
Mocoa, Putumayo, Kolombiya
Ukrainian:
Мокоа, Путумайо, Колумбія
Urdu:
موکوا, پوتامایو محکمہ, کولمبیا
Vietnamese:
Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombia
Waray:
Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombia
Western Punjabi:
موکوآ, پوتومایو ڈیپارٹمنٹ, کولمبیا
Wu Chinese:
莫科阿, 哥伦比亚


No description has been added for this locality. Can you add one?

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

28 valid minerals.

Detailed Mineral List:

Actinolite
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Anhydrite
Formula: CaSO4
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123
Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
Reference: Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Chalcanthite
Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123
Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
'Chlorite Group'
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Covellite
Formula: CuS
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123
Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123
Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Galena
Formula: PbS
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123
'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123
Goethite
Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH)
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123
Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
Reference: Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Hedenbergite
Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123
Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
Reference: Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Hematite var. Specularite
Formula: Fe2O3
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123
'Hornblende'
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123
Jarosite
Formula: KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123
'Limonite'
Reference: Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123
Molybdenite
Formula: MoS2
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123
Prehnite
Formula: Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123
Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123
Wollastonite
Formula: Ca3(Si3O9)
Reference: Econ Geol (1984) 79:106-123
'Zeolite Group'
Reference: Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
Bornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
Chalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
Covellite2.CA.05aCuS
Galena2.CD.10PbS
Molybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Sphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
Goethite4.00.α-Fe3+O(OH)
Hematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
var. Specularite4.CB.05Fe2O3
Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Malachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
Anhydrite7.AD.30CaSO4
Baryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Chalcanthite7.CB.20CuSO4 · 5H2O
Gypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
Jarosite7.BC.10KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
Group 9 - Silicates
Actinolite9.DE.10◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Diopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
Epidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hedenbergite9.DA.15CaFe2+Si2O6
Kaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Muscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
var. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Phlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Prehnite9.DP.20Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Wollastonite9.DG.05Ca3(Si3O9)
'Zeolite Group'9.G0.
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc.
'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
'Chlorite Group'-
'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
'Hornblende'-
'Limonite'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
H Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
H BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
H PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
H Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
H Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
H ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
H PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
H JarositeKFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
H KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
H MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
H ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
H Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
H GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
H MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CCarbon
C CalciteCaCO3
C MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
OOxygen
O QuartzSiO2
O Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
O BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
O CalciteCaCO3
O PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
O MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
O AnhydriteCaSO4
O Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
O Hematite var. SpeculariteFe2O3
O Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
O ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
O PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
O HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
O Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
O WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
O DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
O JarositeKFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
O KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
O MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
O ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
O Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
O GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
O BaryteBaSO4
O HematiteFe2O3
O MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
FFluorine
F BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
F ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
MgMagnesium
Mg BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Mg PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mg Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Mg DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
AlAluminium
Al Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Al BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Al PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Al Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Al PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Al KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Al MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Si QuartzSiO2
Si Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Si BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Si PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Si Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Si Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Si PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Si HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Si Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Si WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Si DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Si KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Si MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
PPhosphorus
P ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
S PyriteFeS2
S ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
S MolybdeniteMoS2
S BorniteCu5FeS4
S SphaleriteZnS
S GalenaPbS
S AnhydriteCaSO4
S Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
S JarositeKFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
S ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
S ChalcociteCu2S
S CovelliteCuS
S GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
S BaryteBaSO4
ClChlorine
Cl ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
K Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
K BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
K PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
K JarositeKFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
K MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Ca CalciteCaCO3
Ca AnhydriteCaSO4
Ca Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Ca Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Ca ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Ca PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Ca HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Ca WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Ca DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Ca GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
TiTitanium
Ti BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
FeIron
Fe PyriteFeS2
Fe ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Fe BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Fe BorniteCu5FeS4
Fe MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Fe Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Fe Hematite var. SpeculariteFe2O3
Fe Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Fe HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Fe JarositeKFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
Fe Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Fe HematiteFe2O3
CuCopper
Cu ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cu BorniteCu5FeS4
Cu Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
Cu MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cu ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Cu ChalcociteCu2S
Cu CovelliteCuS
ZnZinc
Zn SphaleriteZnS
MoMolybdenum
Mo MolybdeniteMoS2
SbAntimony
Sb Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
BaBarium
Ba BaryteBaSO4
PbLead
Pb GalenaPbS

Fossils

This region is too big to display the fossil list, try looking at smaller subregions.

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mocoa
Wikidata ID:Q579803
GeoNames ID:3674655

Localities in this Region

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

North Andes plateTectonic Plate
South America

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.
 
and/or  
Mindat Discussions Facebook Logo Instagram Logo Discord Logo
版权所有© mindat.org1993年至2024年,除了规定的地方。 Mindat.org全赖于全球数千个以上成员和支持者们的参与。
隐私政策 - 条款和条款细则 - 联络我们 - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: 2024.5.9 19:52:50 Page updated: 2023.4.6 17:44:31
Go to top of page