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Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi i
Regional Level Types
Gakara Project Project
Bujumbura Rural Province Province
Burundi Country

Regional Level Types
Gakara Project	Project
Bujumbura Rural Province	Province
Burundi	Country

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Cerianite-(Ce)

Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi

Rhabdophane-(La)

Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi

Bastnäsite

Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi

Cerianite-(Ce)

Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi

Rhabdophane-(La)

Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi

Bastnäsite

Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi

Cerianite-(Ce)

Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi

Rhabdophane-(La)

Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi

Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):

3° 30' 7'' South , 29° 26' 57'' East

Latitude & Longitude (decimal):

G#: kxkun4knp

Type:

Köppen climate type:

Aw : Tropical savanna, wet

Nearest Settlements:

Place	Population	Distance
Manga	1,000 (2008)	2.3km
Bujumbura	331,700 (2012)	16.3km
Mwaro	4,924 (2015)	28.2km
Muramvya	18,041 (2013)	31.4km
Uvira	170,391 (2012)	36.5km

Mindat Locality ID:

26487

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:26487:8

GUID (UUID V4):

ce008c89-e1b5-4f18-9acb-8b772db18590

Other/historical names associated with this locality:

Karonge complex; Gakara REE Project

REE-bearing carbonatite (587 Ma old). A 20 X 20 km area near Gakara, 20 km SE of Bujumbura.

Discovered in 1936 by Belgian company Somuki (Société Minière de Muhinga et de Kigali), mined sporadically between 1948 and 1978.

The mineralised veins at the Gakara Project are discrete and narrow, and the mineralised material separates easily from the less dense host rock which, in itself, is amenable to manual digging. The veins range in thickness from a few centimetres to a few tens of centimetres. The veins have been shown to typically extend laterally for tens of metres, the longest recorded being around 40 metres, and have been observed to extend down to depths greater than 25 metres. The veins outcrop at surface on steep slopes or river incisions but are frequently under cover [ref: rainbowrareearths.com]

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.

ⓘ Rare Earths

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

20 valid minerals. 1 erroneous literature entry.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

Locality: Kiyenzi deposit, Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi

ⓘ Baryte

Formula: BaSO₄

References:

Thoreau, J., Aderca, B. M., & Van Wambeke, L. (1958). Le gisement de terres rares de la Karonge, Urundi. Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer, 4, 684-718.

Van Wambeke, L. (1977) The Karonge rare earth deposits, Republic of Burundi: New mineralogical-geochemical data and origin of the mineralization. Mineralium Deposita, 12 (3), 373-380.

Nakai, S., Masuda, A., & Lehmann, B. (1988). La-Ba dating of bastnaesite. American Mineralogist, 73(9-10), 1111-1113.

Lehmann, et al. (1994): REE mineralization at Gakara, Burundi. Evidence for anomalous upper mantle in the western Rift Valley. Geochimicae et Cosmochimica Acta, 58 (2), 985-992

Lehmann, B., Nakai, S., Höhndorf, A., Brinckmann, J., Dulski, P., Hein, U.F., and Masuda, K. (1994) REE mineralization at Gakara, Burundi. Evidence for anomalous upper mantle in the western Rift Valley. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 985-992.

Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 28.

Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World. Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 p. and database.

Ntiharirizwa, Seconde, Philippe Boulvais, Marc Poujol, Yannick Branquet, Cesare Morelli, Joël Ntungwanayo, and Gilbert Midende. (2018) "Geology and U-Th-Pb Dating of the Gakara REE Deposit, Burundi" Minerals 8, no. 9: 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8090394

ⓘ 'Bastnäsite'

Formula: (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F

Localities:

Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi
Gasagwe deposit, Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi
Masenga hill, Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi

References:

Thoreau, J., Aderca, B. M., & Van Wambeke, L. (1958). Le gisement de terres rares de la Karonge, Urundi. Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer, 4, 684-718.

Van Wambeke, L. (1977) The Karonge rare earth deposits, Republic of Burundi: New mineralogical-geochemical data and origin of the mineralization. Mineralium Deposita, 12 (3), 373-380.

Nakai, S., Masuda, A., & Lehmann, B. (1988). La-Ba dating of bastnaesite. American Mineralogist, 73(9-10), 1111-1113.

Lehmann, et al. (1994): REE mineralization at Gakara, Burundi. Evidence for anomalous upper mantle in the western Rift Valley. Geochimicae et Cosmochimica Acta, 58 (2), 985-992

Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 28.

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

Localities:

Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi
Masenga hill, Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi

References:

Thoreau, J., Aderca, B. M., & Van Wambeke, L. (1958). Le gisement de terres rares de la Karonge, Urundi. Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer, 4, 684-718.

Van Wambeke, L. (1977) The Karonge rare earth deposits, Republic of Burundi: New mineralogical-geochemical data and origin of the mineralization. Mineralium Deposita, 12 (3), 373-380.

Nakai, S., Masuda, A., & Lehmann, B. (1988). La-Ba dating of bastnaesite. American Mineralogist, 73(9-10), 1111-1113.

Lehmann, et al. (1994): REE mineralization at Gakara, Burundi. Evidence for anomalous upper mantle in the western Rift Valley. Geochimicae et Cosmochimica Acta, 58 (2), 985-992

Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 28.

ⓘ ~~Cavoite~~

Formula: CaV⁴⁺₃O₇

Description: On-line version of Handbook page (http://rruff.info/doclib/hom/cavoite.pdf) is in fact that of cerianite-(Ce).

References:

Mineralogical Society of America - Handbook of Mineralogy

ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce)

Formula: (Ce⁴⁺,Th)O₂

References:

Thoreau, J., Aderca, B. M., & Van Wambeke, L. (1958). Le gisement de terres rares de la Karonge, Urundi. Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer, 4, 684-718.

Van Wambeke, L. (1977) The Karonge rare earth deposits, Republic of Burundi: New mineralogical-geochemical data and origin of the mineralization. Mineralium Deposita, 12 (3), 373-380.

Nakai, S., Masuda, A., & Lehmann, B. (1988). La-Ba dating of bastnaesite. American Mineralogist, 73(9-10), 1111-1113.

Lehmann, et al. (1994): REE mineralization at Gakara, Burundi. Evidence for anomalous upper mantle in the western Rift Valley. Geochimicae et Cosmochimica Acta, 58 (2), 985-992

Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 28.

ⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)

Formula: (Ce₇Ca₂)◻Mg(SiO₄)₃(SiO₃OH)₄(OH)₃

ⓘ Crandallite

Formula: CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆

References:

Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): Carbonatites of the World. Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 p. and database.

ⓘ 'Florencite'

Description: Listed as crandalite-florencite in Lehman et al (1994)

References:

Lehmann, et al. (1994): REE mineralization at Gakara, Burundi. Evidence for anomalous upper mantle in the western Rift Valley. Geochimicae et Cosmochimica Acta, 58 (2), 985-992

ⓘ 'Fluocerite'

References:

Thoreau, J., Aderca, B. M., & Van Wambeke, L. (1958). Le gisement de terres rares de la Karonge, Urundi. Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer, 4, 684-718.

Van Wambeke, L. (1977): The Karonge rare earth deposits, Republic of Burundi: New mineralogical-geochemical data and origin of the mineralization. Mineralium Deposita. 12 (3), 373-380

Van Wambeke, L. (1977) The Karonge rare earth deposits, Republic of Burundi: New mineralogical-geochemical data and origin of the mineralization. Mineralium Deposita, 12 (3), 373-380.

Nakai, S., Masuda, A., & Lehmann, B. (1988). La-Ba dating of bastnaesite. American Mineralogist, 73(9-10), 1111-1113.

Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 28.

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

References:

Thoreau, J., Aderca, B. M., & Van Wambeke, L. (1958). Le gisement de terres rares de la Karonge, Urundi. Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer, 4, 684-718.

Van Wambeke, L. (1977) The Karonge rare earth deposits, Republic of Burundi: New mineralogical-geochemical data and origin of the mineralization. Mineralium Deposita, 12 (3), 373-380.

Nakai, S., Masuda, A., & Lehmann, B. (1988). La-Ba dating of bastnaesite. American Mineralogist, 73(9-10), 1111-1113.

Lehmann, et al. (1994): REE mineralization at Gakara, Burundi. Evidence for anomalous upper mantle in the western Rift Valley. Geochimicae et Cosmochimica Acta, 58 (2), 985-992

Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 28.

ⓘ Goethite

Formula: α-Fe³⁺O(OH)

References:

Lehmann, et al. (1994): REE mineralization at Gakara, Burundi. Evidence for anomalous upper mantle in the western Rift Valley. Geochimicae et Cosmochimica Acta, 58 (2), 985-992

ⓘ Goyazite

Formula: SrAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆

References:

ⓘ Kaolinite

Formula: Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

References:

Lehmann, et al. (1994): REE mineralization at Gakara, Burundi. Evidence for anomalous upper mantle in the western Rift Valley. Geochimicae et Cosmochimica Acta, 58 (2), 985-992

ⓘ 'K Feldspar'

References:

ⓘ Microcline

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Thoreau, J., Aderca, B. M., & Van Wambeke, L. (1958). Le gisement de terres rares de la Karonge, Urundi. Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer, 4, 684-718.

Van Wambeke, L. (1977) The Karonge rare earth deposits, Republic of Burundi: New mineralogical-geochemical data and origin of the mineralization. Mineralium Deposita, 12 (3), 373-380.

Nakai, S., Masuda, A., & Lehmann, B. (1988). La-Ba dating of bastnaesite. American Mineralogist, 73(9-10), 1111-1113.

Lehmann, et al. (1994): REE mineralization at Gakara, Burundi. Evidence for anomalous upper mantle in the western Rift Valley. Geochimicae et Cosmochimica Acta, 58 (2), 985-992

Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 28.

ⓘ Molybdenite

Formula: MoS₂

References:

Lehmann, et al. (1994): REE mineralization at Gakara, Burundi. Evidence for anomalous upper mantle in the western Rift Valley. Geochimicae et Cosmochimica Acta, 58 (2), 985-992

ⓘ 'Monazite'

Formula: REE(PO₄)

Localities:

Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi
Gasagwe deposit, Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi
Masenga hill, Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi

References:

Thoreau, J., Aderca, B. M., & Van Wambeke, L. (1958). Le gisement de terres rares de la Karonge, Urundi. Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer, 4, 684-718.

Van Wambeke, L. (1977) The Karonge rare earth deposits, Republic of Burundi: New mineralogical-geochemical data and origin of the mineralization. Mineralium Deposita, 12 (3), 373-380.

Nakai, S., Masuda, A., & Lehmann, B. (1988). La-Ba dating of bastnaesite. American Mineralogist, 73(9-10), 1111-1113.

Lehmann, et al. (1994): REE mineralization at Gakara, Burundi. Evidence for anomalous upper mantle in the western Rift Valley. Geochimicae et Cosmochimica Acta, 58 (2), 985-992

Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 28.

ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)

Formula: Ce(PO₄)

References:

ⓘ Monazite-(La)

Formula: La(PO₄)

References:

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Lehmann, et al. (1994): REE mineralization at Gakara, Burundi. Evidence for anomalous upper mantle in the western Rift Valley. Geochimicae et Cosmochimica Acta, 58 (2), 985-992

ⓘ Pyromorphite

Formula: Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl

References:

Thoreau, J., Aderca, B. M., & Van Wambeke, L. (1958). Le gisement de terres rares de la Karonge, Urundi. Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer, 4, 684-718.

Van Wambeke, L. (1977): The Karonge rare earth deposits, Republic of Burundi: New mineralogical-geochemical data and origin of the mineralization. Mineralium Deposita. 12 (3), 373-380

Van Wambeke, L. (1977) The Karonge rare earth deposits, Republic of Burundi: New mineralogical-geochemical data and origin of the mineralization. Mineralium Deposita, 12 (3), 373-380.

Nakai, S., Masuda, A., & Lehmann, B. (1988). La-Ba dating of bastnaesite. American Mineralogist, 73(9-10), 1111-1113.

Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 28.

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

Localities:

Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi
Gasagwe deposit, Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi
Kiyenzi deposit, Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi

References:

Thoreau, J., Aderca, B. M., & Van Wambeke, L. (1958). Le gisement de terres rares de la Karonge, Urundi. Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer, 4, 684-718.

Van Wambeke, L. (1977) The Karonge rare earth deposits, Republic of Burundi: New mineralogical-geochemical data and origin of the mineralization. Mineralium Deposita, 12 (3), 373-380.

Nakai, S., Masuda, A., & Lehmann, B. (1988). La-Ba dating of bastnaesite. American Mineralogist, 73(9-10), 1111-1113.

Lehmann, et al. (1994): REE mineralization at Gakara, Burundi. Evidence for anomalous upper mantle in the western Rift Valley. Geochimicae et Cosmochimica Acta, 58 (2), 985-992

Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 28.

ⓘ 'Rhabdophane'

References:

ⓘ 'Rhabdophane Group'

Formula: (REE,Ca,Th)(PO₄) · H₂O

References:

Lehmann, et al. (1994): REE mineralization at Gakara, Burundi. Evidence for anomalous upper mantle in the western Rift Valley. Geochimicae et Cosmochimica Acta, 58 (2), 985-992

ⓘ Rhabdophane-(La)

Formula: La(PO₄) · H₂O

References:

Van Wambeke, L. (1977): The Karonge rare earth deposits, Republic of Burundi: New mineralogical-geochemical data and origin of the mineralization. Mineralium Deposita. 12 (3), 373-380

ⓘ Tridymite

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Van Wambeke, L. ( The Karonge rare earth deposits, Republic of Burundi: New mineralogical-geochemical data and origin of the mineralization. Mineralium Deposita. 12 (3), 373-380

ⓘ Vermiculite

Formula: Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O

References:

Van Wambeke, L. ( The Karonge rare earth deposits, Republic of Burundi: New mineralogical-geochemical data and origin of the mineralization. Mineralium Deposita. 12 (3), 373-380

Gallery:

La(PO₄) · H₂Oⓘ Rhabdophane-(La)

Rhabdophane-(La)

Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi

Rhabdophane-(La)

Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi

Rhabdophane-(La)

Gakara Project, Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Molybdenite	2.EA.30	MoS₂
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Goethite	4.00.	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Tridymite	4.DA.10	SiO₂
ⓘ	Cerianite-(Ce)	4.DL.05	(Ce⁴⁺,Th)O₂
ⓘ	Cavoite ?	4.HE.40	CaV⁴⁺₃O₇
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Baryte	7.AD.35	BaSO₄
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Monazite-(La)	8.AD.50	La(PO₄)
ⓘ	Monazite-(Ce)	8.AD.50	Ce(PO₄)
ⓘ	Crandallite	8.BL.10	CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
ⓘ	Goyazite	8.BL.10	SrAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
ⓘ	Pyromorphite	8.BN.05	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl
ⓘ	Rhabdophane-(La)	8.CJ.45	La(PO₄) · H₂O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Cerite-(CeCa)	9.AG.20	(Ce₇Ca₂)◻Mg(SiO₄)₃(SiO₃OH)₄(OH)₃
ⓘ	Muscovite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Vermiculite	9.EC.50	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Kaolinite	9.ED.05	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Microcline	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Unclassified
ⓘ	'K Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Florencite'	-
ⓘ	'Monazite'	-	REE(PO₄)
ⓘ	'Rhabdophane'	-
ⓘ	'Fluocerite'	-
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Bastnäsite'	-	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
ⓘ	'Rhabdophane Group'	-	(REE,Ca,Th)(PO₄) · H₂O

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)	(Ce₇Ca₂)◻Mg(SiO₄)₃(SiO₃OH)₄(OH)₃
H	ⓘ Crandallite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Goethite	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Goyazite	SrAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Rhabdophane-(La)	La(PO₄) · H₂O
H	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Rhabdophane Group	(REE,Ca,Th)(PO₄) · H₂O
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Bastnäsite	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
O	ⓘ Bastnäsite	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce)	(Ce⁴⁺,Th)O₂
O	ⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)	(Ce₇Ca₂)◻Mg(SiO₄)₃(SiO₃OH)₄(OH)₃
O	ⓘ Crandallite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Goethite	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Goyazite	SrAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Monazite	REE(PO₄)
O	ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)	Ce(PO₄)
O	ⓘ Monazite-(La)	La(PO₄)
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Pyromorphite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Rhabdophane-(La)	La(PO₄) · H₂O
O	ⓘ Tridymite	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Cavoite	CaV₃⁴⁺O₇
O	ⓘ Rhabdophane Group	(REE,Ca,Th)(PO₄) · H₂O
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Bastnäsite	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)	(Ce₇Ca₂)◻Mg(SiO₄)₃(SiO₃OH)₄(OH)₃
Mg	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Crandallite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
Al	ⓘ Goyazite	SrAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
Al	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Al	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)	(Ce₇Ca₂)◻Mg(SiO₄)₃(SiO₃OH)₄(OH)₃
Si	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Tridymite	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Crandallite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
P	ⓘ Goyazite	SrAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
P	ⓘ Monazite	REE(PO₄)
P	ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)	Ce(PO₄)
P	ⓘ Monazite-(La)	La(PO₄)
P	ⓘ Pyromorphite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl
P	ⓘ Rhabdophane-(La)	La(PO₄) · H₂O
P	ⓘ Rhabdophane Group	(REE,Ca,Th)(PO₄) · H₂O
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Pyromorphite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)	(Ce₇Ca₂)◻Mg(SiO₄)₃(SiO₃OH)₄(OH)₃
Ca	ⓘ Crandallite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
Ca	ⓘ Cavoite	CaV₃⁴⁺O₇
Ca	ⓘ Rhabdophane Group	(REE,Ca,Th)(PO₄) · H₂O
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
V	Vanadium
V	ⓘ Cavoite	CaV₃⁴⁺O₇
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Goethite	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Sr	Strontium
Sr	ⓘ Goyazite	SrAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
Y	Yttrium
Y	ⓘ Bastnäsite	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
Mo	Molybdenum
Mo	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
Ba	Barium
Ba	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
La	Lanthanum
La	ⓘ Monazite-(La)	La(PO₄)
La	ⓘ Rhabdophane-(La)	La(PO₄) · H₂O
Ce	Cerium
Ce	ⓘ Bastnäsite	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
Ce	ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce)	(Ce⁴⁺,Th)O₂
Ce	ⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)	(Ce₇Ca₂)◻Mg(SiO₄)₃(SiO₃OH)₄(OH)₃
Ce	ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)	Ce(PO₄)
Nd	Neodymium
Nd	ⓘ Bastnäsite	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS
Pb	ⓘ Pyromorphite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl
Th	Thorium
Th	ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce)	(Ce⁴⁺,Th)O₂
Th	ⓘ Rhabdophane Group	(REE,Ca,Th)(PO₄) · H₂O

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Neoproterozoic : 586.8 ± 3.7 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic Time

Rocks, Minerals and Events

586.8 ± 3.7 Ma

Localities in this Region

Burundi

Bujumbura Rural Province
- Gakara Project

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Africa

East African Rift System (EARS)Zone (Tectonic)
- Albertine RiftZone (Tectonic)

Somali PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Thoreau, J., Aderca, B. M., Van Wambeke, L. (1958) Le gisement de terres rares de la Karonge, Urundi. Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer, 4, 684-718.

Van Wambeke, L. (1977) The Karonge rare earth deposits, Republic of Burundi: New mineralogical-geochemical data and origin of the mineralization. Mineralium Deposita, 12 (3), 373-380.

Nakai, S., Masuda, A., Lehmann, B. (1988) La-Ba dating of bastnaesite. American Mineralogist, 73(9-10), 1111-1113.

Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 28.

pubs.usgs.gov (n.d.) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1139/

rainbowrareearths.com (n.d.) http://rainbowrareearths.com/gakara-project/historical-mining/

Ntiharirizwa, Seconde, Philippe Boulvais, Marc Poujol, Yannick Branquet, Cesare Morelli, Joël Ntungwanayo, Gilbert Midende (2018) Geology and U-Th-Pb Dating of the Gakara REE Deposit, Burundi. Minerals 8(9), 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8090394.

Malcolm Titley (2020) Technical Report on the Gakara REE Project, Burundi. Prepared by Maja Mining Limited for Rainbow Rare Earths Limited.

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