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Khenj District, Panjshir, Afghanistani
Regional Level Types
Khenj DistrictDistrict
PanjshirProvince
AfghanistanCountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
03937970017116099298763.jpg
Khenj District Map

Khenj District, Panjshir, Afghanistan
08558950017056116457378.jpg
Khenj Emerald Mines

Khenj emerald area, Khenj District, Panjshir, Afghanistan
00754500017057102556924.jpg
Mikeni Emerald Mines

Dah-Mikeni Mine, Khenj District, Panjshir, Afghanistan
09088680017056673832555.jpg
Khenj District Map

Khenj District, Panjshir, Afghanistan
04407750017116099336233.jpg
Khenj Emerald Mines

Khenj emerald area, Khenj District, Panjshir, Afghanistan
01642260017055902103353.jpg
Mikeni Emerald Mines

Dah-Mikeni Mine, Khenj District, Panjshir, Afghanistan
03937970017116099298763.jpg
Khenj District Map

Khenj District, Panjshir, Afghanistan
08558950017056116457378.jpg
Khenj Emerald Mines

Khenj emerald area, Khenj District, Panjshir, Afghanistan
Neighbouring regions:
Puli Hisar District, Baghlan, Afghanistan
Bazarak District, Panjshir, Afghanistan
Paryan District, Panjshir, Afghanistan
Darah District, Panjshir, Afghanistan
Mandol District, Nuristan, Afghanistan
Nuristan District, Nuristan, Afghanistan
Type:
District
Mindat Locality ID:
227105
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:227105:0
GUID (UUID V4):
1dd5659c-1063-47c2-85bf-6ede6f574081
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Khinj District
Other Languages:
View 2 more...
Farsi/Persian:
ولسوالی خنج, ولایت پنجشیر, افغانستان
Italian:
distretto di Khenj, Panjshir, Afghanistan
Pashto:
خنج ولسوالۍ, پنجشېر ولايت, افغانستان
Bengali:
খেঞ্জ জেলা, পাঞ্জশির প্রদেশ, আফগানিস্তান
Malay:
Daerah Khenj, Wilayah Panjshir, Afghanistan


The best known emerald deposits of the Panjsher Valley lie along the valley’s southeastern side near the village of Khinj; although emeralds also have been reported on the northwestern side of the valley.

The emerald mineralization is localized along linear zones that contain fracturing and brecciation of hydrothermally altered gabbro diorite dikes, marble, schist and quartz porphyry.

Emeralds are present in two zones [in a northwestern zone (Buzmal’ locality) and in a southeastern zone (the other occurrences)] and are located near the contacts between Silurian-Lower Carboniferous carbonate rocks and Upper Carboniferous-Permian clastic rocks.

Along the contacts, a series of closely spaced, steep-dipping faults contain zones of fracturing, brecciation, boudinage, and cataclasis as well as intensely hydrothermally altered rock (including secondary biotite, phlogopite, epidote, albite, potassium-feldspar, quartz, tourmaline, sulfide and carbonate minerals, chlorite, and muscovite).

The beryllium mineralization in the zones that contain the emeralds is superimposed on a complex system of fractures in hydrothermally altered (carbonate-sulfide) rocks (gabbro diorite, marble, schist), especially near hydrothermally altered phlogopitized and chloritized diorite dikes (gabbro diorites). (Stephen G. Peters)

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

23 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase
Formula: (Na,K)AlSi3O8
ⓘ Andradite
Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Anglesite
Formula: PbSO4
ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ Beryl
Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18)
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald
Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18)
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Cerussite
Formula: PbCO3
ⓘ Cristobalite
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Fayalite
Formula: Fe2+2SiO4
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ Hedenbergite
Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Leucite
Formula: K(AlSi2O6)
ⓘ 'Limonite'
ⓘ Magnesioferrite
Formula: MgFe3+2O4
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Monticellite
Formula: CaMgSiO4
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Penfieldite
Formula: Pb2Cl3(OH)
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
ⓘ 'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
ⓘ Wüstite
Formula: FeO

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘPenfieldite3.DC.15Pb2Cl3(OH)
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘWüstite4.AB.25FeO
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘMagnesioferrite4.BB.05MgFe3+2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘCristobalite4.DA.15SiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘCerussite5.AB.15PbCO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘAnglesite7.AD.35PbSO4
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘFayalite9.AC.05Fe2+2SiO4
ⓘMonticellite9.AC.10CaMgSiO4
ⓘAndradite9.AD.25Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘBeryl
var. Emerald		9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘ9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘHedenbergite9.DA.15CaFe2+Si2O6
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘMicrocline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘvar. Anorthoclase9.FA.35(Na,K)AlSi3O8
ⓘLeucite9.GB.05K(AlSi2O6)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Limonite'-
ⓘ'Tourmaline'-AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ PenfielditePb2Cl3(OH)
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
BeBeryllium
Beⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Beⓘ Beryl var. EmeraldBe3Al2(Si6O18)
BBoron
Bⓘ TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
CCarbon
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ CerussitePbCO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Oⓘ AnglesitePbSO4
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Oⓘ CristobaliteSiO2
Oⓘ Beryl var. EmeraldBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Oⓘ FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Oⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Oⓘ MagnesioferriteMgFe23+O4
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ MonticelliteCaMgSiO4
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ PenfielditePb2Cl3(OH)
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oⓘ WüstiteFeO
FFluorine
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
NaSodium
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ MagnesioferriteMgFe23+O4
Mgⓘ MonticelliteCaMgSiO4
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Alⓘ Beryl var. EmeraldBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Alⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Alⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Siⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Siⓘ CristobaliteSiO2
Siⓘ Beryl var. EmeraldBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Siⓘ FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Siⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Siⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Siⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ MonticelliteCaMgSiO4
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
SSulfur
Sⓘ AnglesitePbSO4
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
ClChlorine
Clⓘ PenfielditePb2Cl3(OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Kⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Caⓘ MonticelliteCaMgSiO4
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
FeIron
Feⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Feⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ MagnesioferriteMgFe23+O4
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ WüstiteFeO
PbLead
Pbⓘ AnglesitePbSO4
Pbⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS
Pbⓘ PenfielditePb2Cl3(OH)

Fossils

This region is too big or complex to display the fossil list, try looking at smaller subregions.

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khenj_District
Wikidata ID:Q6401298
GeoNames ID:7054339

Localities in this Region

Afghanistan
Afghanistan

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

Asia
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Bowersox, Gary, Snee, Lawrence W., Foord, Eugene E., Seal, Robert R. II (1991) Emeralds of the Panjshir Valley, Afghanistan. Gems & Gemology: 27(1) (Spring 1991): 26-39.
Peters, Stephen (2011) Summary of the Panjsher Valley Emerald, Iron, and Silver Area of Interest, Contribution by Stephen G. Peters. Summaries of Important Areas for Mineral Investment and Production Opportunities of Nonfuel Minerals in Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1204: Chapter 13A: 987-1016.
DeWitt, Jessica D., Chirico, Peter G., O’Pry, Kelsey E., Bergstresser, Sarah E. (2020) Mapping the extent and methods of small-scale emerald mining in the Panjshir Valley, Afghanistan. Geocarto International, DOI: 10.1080/10106049.2020.1716394
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