Ordinary chondrite (L/LL4; S1; W0)
Fell, 12 March 1899, 22:30 hrs; 330 kg

A single stone fell through sea-ice and broke into fragments with one large fragment of 80 kg and many smaller pieces. The recovered portions of the meteorite are unusually friable and consist primarily of chondrules and metal grains. In thin sections chondrules are well defined and, along with the much less abundant Fe-Ni metal, are set within a very fine-grained matrix. Chondrule types are varied, but radial pyroxene (RP) and barred olivine (BO) chondrules dominate. Bjurböle has received less attention than some of the even less equilibrated type 3.0—3.9 unequilibrated ordinary chondrites, but a careful reading of the literature reveals a surprising variety of textures, phases, and enigmas.

Bjurböle is the most massive of those 20 meteorites classified exactly as 'L/LL4' chondrites and is one of only three witnessed L/LL4 chondrite falls listed by The Meteoritical Bulletin Database (January 2016). Only 11 total L/LL falls of all petrologic types have been witnessed [only ~1% of witnessed meteorite falls]. Whether L/LL meteorites are merely statistical oddities due to imperfect measurements or classification criteria or whether they are actually derived from a different original parent body (OPB) than the putative OPBs of the L and LL chondrites is not known.

The main mass has been at the University of Helsinki with 215 kg remaining as of 2000.

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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

15 valid minerals.

Meteorite/Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

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Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

ⓘ 'L/LL4 chondrite meteorite'

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

Description: Albite sensu strictu (1 grain)

References:

Kovach, H.C. & Jones R.H. (2010) Feldspar in types 4-6 ordinary chondrites: Metamorphic processing on the H and LL parent bodies. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 45(2): 246-264. (Feb 2010).

Jones, R.H., McCubbin, F.M., Dreeland, L., Guan, Y., Burger, P.V. & Shearer, C.K. (2014) Phosphate minerals in LL chondrites: A record of the action of fluids during metamorphism on ordinary chondrite parent bodies. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 132: pp. 120-140. (May 2014).

Lewis, J.A., Jones, R.H. & Brearley, A.J. (2016) Alkali feldspar exsolution in ordinary chondrites: Alkali metasomatism, metamorphism, and cooling rates: 47th Lunar and Planetary Conference: 2559.pdf. [Online]

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

References:

Mold, P., Bull, R.K. & Durrani, S.A. (1982) Plutonium-244 concentrations in chondritic phosphates and their significance in fission-tracks dating of meteorites. IN: Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors: Proceedings of the 11 International Conference Bristol (Fowler, P., ed.): pp. 851-854.

ⓘ Chlorapatite

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl

References:

ⓘ 'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'

Description: As euhedral grains in chondrules.

References:

Wlotzka, F. (2005) Cr spinel and chromite as petrogenetic indicators in ordinary chondrites: Equilibration temperatures of petrologic types 3.7 to 6. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 40 (11) 1673-1702. (Nov 1905).

ⓘ Chromite

Formula: Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄

References:

Ramdohr, Paul (1972) The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783112651025

Goryunov, Michael V., Maksimova, Alevtina A., Oshtrakh, Michael I. (2023) Advances in Analysis of the Fe-Ni-Co Alloy and Iron-Bearing Minerals in Meteorites by Mössbauer Spectroscopy with a High Velocity Resolution. Minerals, 13 (9) doi:10.3390/min13091126

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

References:

ⓘ Copper

Formula: Cu

References:

Ramdohr, Paul (1972) The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783112651025

ⓘ Diopside

Formula: CaMgSi₂O₆

References:

Kovach, H.C. & Jones R.H. (2010) Feldspar in types 4-6 ordinary chondrites: Metamorphic processing on the H and LL parent bodies. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 45(2): 246-264. (Feb 2010).

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

Description: Olivine composition: Fa25 (Mason, 1962), Fa26 (Mason, 1963), Fa26.2 (Rubin, 1990).

References:

Mason, B. (1963) Olivine in ordinary chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 27: 1011-1023. (Sept. 1963).

Rubin, A. (1990) Olivine & Kamacite in Ordinary Chondrites: Intergroup and Intragroup relationships. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54: 1217-1230.

Grady, M.M., Pratesi, G. & Moggi-Cecchi, V. (2015) Atlas of Meteorites. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, United Kingdom. 373 pages.ronomical Society A 368 (1922): 3059-3065. (June 2010).

ⓘ Hercynite

Formula: Fe²⁺Al₂O₄

References:

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe²⁺TiO₃

References:

Ramdohr, Paul (1972) The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783112651025

ⓘ Iron

Formula: Fe

References:

Ramdohr, Paul (1972) The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783112651025

Rubin, A. (1990) Olivine & Kamacite in Ordinary Chondrites: Intergroup and Intragroup relationships. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54: 1217-1230.

ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite

Formula: (Fe,Ni)

References:

Ramdohr, Paul (1972) The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783112651025

Rubin, A. (1990) Olivine & Kamacite in Ordinary Chondrites: Intergroup and Intragroup relationships. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54: 1217-1230.

ⓘ Isocubanite

Formula: CuFe₂S₃

References:

Ramdohr, Paul (1972) The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783112651025

ⓘ 'K Feldspar'

References:

ⓘ Mackinawite

Formula: FeS

References:

Ramdohr, Paul (1972) The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783112651025

ⓘ Merrillite

Formula: Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇

References:

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 797.

ⓘ 'Olivine Group'

Formula: M₂SiO₄

References:

ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'

References:

Mason, B. (1963) Olivine in ordinary chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 27: 1011-1023. (Sept. 1963).

ⓘ 'Plagioclase'

Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈

Description: Quite variable plagioclase composition (Ab34.3-91, Av.56.3,n=7) in Kovach & Jones (2010).

References:

Kovach, H.C. & Jones R.H. (2010) Feldspar in types 4-6 ordinary chondrites: Metamorphic processing on the H and LL parent bodies. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 45(2): 246-264. (Feb 2010).

ⓘ 'Plessite'

References:

Ramdohr, Paul (1972) The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783112651025

ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'

Formula: ADSi₂O₆

References:

Grady, M.M., Pratesi, G. & Moggi-Cecchi, V. (2015) Atlas of Meteorites. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, United Kingdom. 373 pages.ronomical Society A 368 (1922): 3059-3065. (June 2010).

ⓘ Spinel

Formula: MgAl₂O₄

References:

ⓘ Taenite

Formula: (Fe,Ni)

References:

Ramdohr, Paul (1972) The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783112651025

ⓘ Tetrataenite

Formula: FeNi

References:

Clarke Jr, R.S. & Scott, E.R.D. (1980) - Tetrataenite—Ordered Fe,Ni, a new mineral in meteorites: American Mineralogist 65 (7 & 8): 624-630. (Jul/Aug 1980).

ⓘ Troilite

Formula: FeS

References:

Farrington, O.C. (1915) Meteorites: Their Structure, Composition, and Terrestrial Relations. Chicago. 233 pp.

Ramdohr, Paul (1972) The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783112651025

Grady, M.M., Pratesi, G. & Moggi-Cecchi, V. (2015) Atlas of Meteorites. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, United Kingdom. 373 pages.ronomical Society A 368 (1922): 3059-3065. (June 2010).

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Copper	1.AA.05	Cu
ⓘ	Iron	1.AE.05	Fe
ⓘ	var. Kamacite	1.AE.05	(Fe,Ni)
ⓘ	Tetrataenite	1.AE.10	FeNi
ⓘ	Taenite	1.AE.10	(Fe,Ni)
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Isocubanite	2.CB.55b	CuFe₂S₃
ⓘ	Troilite	2.CC.10	FeS
ⓘ	Mackinawite	2.CC.25	FeS
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Chromite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Hercynite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄
ⓘ	Spinel	4.BB.05	MgAl₂O₄
ⓘ	Ilmenite	4.CB.05	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Merrillite	8.AC.45	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇
ⓘ	Chlorapatite	8.BN.05	Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Diopside	9.DA.15	CaMgSi₂O₆
ⓘ	Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'	-
ⓘ	'Plagioclase'	-	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
ⓘ	'K Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Pyroxene Group'	-	ADSi₂O₆
ⓘ	'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'	-
ⓘ	'Plessite'	-
ⓘ	'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ	'Olivine Group'	-	M₂SiO₄

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Chlorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl
O	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Hercynite	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄
O	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
O	ⓘ Merrillite	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇
O	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
O	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
O	ⓘ Olivine Group	M₂SiO₄
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Merrillite	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇
Na	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Mg	ⓘ Merrillite	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Hercynite	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄
Al	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Al	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Si	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Olivine Group	M₂SiO₄
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Chlorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl
P	ⓘ Merrillite	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Isocubanite	CuFe₂S₃
S	ⓘ Mackinawite	FeS
S	ⓘ Troilite	FeS
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Chlorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl
Cl	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Chlorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl
Ca	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Merrillite	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇
Ca	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Cr	Chromium
Cr	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Hercynite	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Iron	Fe
Fe	ⓘ Isocubanite	CuFe₂S₃
Fe	ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite	(Fe,Ni)
Fe	ⓘ Mackinawite	FeS
Fe	ⓘ Taenite	(Fe,Ni)
Fe	ⓘ Tetrataenite	FeNi
Fe	ⓘ Troilite	FeS
Ni	Nickel
Ni	ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite	(Fe,Ni)
Ni	ⓘ Taenite	(Fe,Ni)
Ni	ⓘ Tetrataenite	FeNi
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Copper	Cu
Cu	ⓘ Isocubanite	CuFe₂S₃

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Baltic Shield (Fennoscandian Shield)Shield

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

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References

(n.d.)

Farrington, O.C. (1915) Meteorites: Their Structure, Composition, and Terrestrial Relations. Chicago. 233 pp.

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

Mason, Brian (1962, May 24th) The Classification of Chondritic Meteorites. American Museum Novitates 2085. The American Museum of Natural History

Mason, B. (1963) Olivine in ordinary chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 27: 1011-1023. (Sept. 1963).

Keil, K. & Fredriksson, K. (1964) The Fe.Mg and Ca Distribution in Coexisting Olivines and Rhombic Pyroxenes of Chondrites. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres 69 (16): 3487-3515. (August 1964).

Ramdohr, Paul (1972) The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783112651025

Clarke Jr, R.S. & Scott, E.R.D. (1980) - Tetrataenite—Ordered Fe,Ni, a new mineral in meteorites: American Mineralogist 65 (7 & 8): 624-630. (Jul/Aug 1980).

Rubin, A. (1990) Olivine & Kamacite in Ordinary Chondrites: Intergroup and Intragroup relationships. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54: 1217-1230.

Grady, M.M. (2000). Catalogue of Meteorites (5/e). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; New York; Oakleigh; Madrid; Cape Town. 689 pages.

Kovach, H.C. & Jones R.H. (2010) Feldspar in types 4-6 ordinary chondrites: Metamorphic processing on the H and LL parent bodies. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 45(2): 246-264. (Feb 2010).

Grady, M.M., Pratesi, G. & Moggi-Cecchi, V. (2015) Atlas of Meteorites. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, United Kingdom. 373 pages.

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Detailed Mineral List:

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

List of minerals for each chemical element

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

References

Bjurböle meteorite, Bjurböle, Porvoo, Uusimaa, Finland i
Regional Level Types
Bjurböle meteorite Meteorite Fall Location
Bjurböle - not defined -
Porvoo Municipality
Uusimaa Region
Finland Country