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Force Crag Mine (Force Craig Mine), Coledale, Above Derwent, Allerdale, Cumbria, England, UKi
Regional Level Types
Force Crag Mine (Force Craig Mine)Mine
ColedaleValley
Above DerwentCivil Parish
AllerdaleDistrict
CumbriaCounty
EnglandConstituent Country
UKCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
54° 34' 59'' North , 3° 14' 16'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
54.58314,-3.23797
GeoHash:
G#: gctww2d1v
GRN:
N37W02
UK National Grid Reference:
NY200216
Type:
Mine
Köppen climate type:
Cfb : Temperate oceanic climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Braithwaite342 (2018)3.7km
Portinscale560 (2018)5.3km
Keswick4,281 (2018)7.0km
Bassenthwaite412 (2018)11.1km
Cockermouth9,146 (2018)11.8km
Mindat Locality ID:
1468
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:1468:0
GUID (UUID V4):
09047b6c-8221-4c53-9090-df07a4b2a525
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
North and Western Region; Cumberland


The mineralised vein mined at Force Crag occupies a roughly E-W-trending, steeply dipping fault cutting through slates of the Ordovician Skiddaw Group. At Force Crag mine, the mineralisation was accessed from a series of levels (adits) numbered from 0 to 7 (from lowest to highest). Mining extended over a horizontal distance of ≈1.2 km and a vertical extent of ≈350 m. Various operators mined for lead at the site between 1839 and 1865, and then for barite and zinc periodically between 1867 and 1991, when the mine was finally abandoned. More than 60,000 tons of barite, 1248 tons of sphalerite, 624 tons of galena and 20,000 ounces of silver were extracted. It was the last working metal mine in the region (finally closed in 1991).

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


41 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Acanthite
Formula: Ag2S
ⓘ Anglesite
Formula: PbSO4
ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘ Antimony
Formula: Sb
ⓘ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ Bournonite
Formula: PbCuSbS3
ⓘ Brochantite
Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Cerussite
Formula: PbCO3
References:
Jarvis, Adam P., Catherine J. Gandy, and John A. Webb. 2023. "Controls on the Generation and Geochemistry of Neutral Mine Drainage: Evidence from Force Crag Mine, Cumbria, UK" Minerals 13, no. 5: 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13050592
Hall, Townshend M. (1868) The Mineralogist's Directory: or, a guide to the Principal Mineral Localities in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Edward Stanford, London.
Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Young, B. & Cooper, A.H. (1988) The Geology and Mineralisation of Force Crag Mine, Cumbria. The Cumberland Geological Society, Proceedings: 5(1): 5-11.
Green, D.I., McCallum, D., Wood, M. (1997) Supergene Cu, Pb, Zn and Ag Minerals from Force Crag Mine, Coledale, Cumbria. UK Journal of Mines and Minerals 18, 10-14
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ Clinochlore
Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
ⓘ Cordierite
Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
ⓘ Cuprite
Formula: Cu2O
ⓘ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘ Erythrite
Formula: Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
ⓘ Ferrihydrite
Formula: Fe3+10O14(OH)2
ⓘ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Jarosite
Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘ Langite
Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
ⓘ Lautenthalite
Formula: PbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
ⓘ Linarite
Formula: PbCu(SO4)(OH)2
ⓘ Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘ Manganite
Formula: Mn3+O(OH)
ⓘ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Melanterite
Formula: Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite
Formula: K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
ⓘ 'Ochre'
ⓘ 'Psilomelane'
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Pyromorphite
Formula: Pb5(PO4)3Cl
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Serpierite
Formula: Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
ⓘ Siderite
Formula: FeCO3
ⓘ Silver
Formula: Ag
ⓘ Skutterudite
Formula: CoAs3
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ Stolzite ?
Formula: Pb(WO4)
Description: Moulding et al. (2008): "Robert Philips Greg described "minute but measurable crystals, on macled crystals of black carbonate of lead from Force Craig lead mine near Keswick", and provided a chemical analysis and a crystal drawing to support his identification. Sir Arthur Russell (1944) cast doubt on the record following extensive research on the Allan-Greg collection, as it was not substantiated by either a specimen or a catalogue entry. His views are echoed by more recent workers (e.g. Cooper and Stanley, 1990)."
References:
Greg, Robert Philips, Lettsom, William G. (1858) Manual of the Mineralogy of Great Britain and Ireland. John Van Voorst, London.
Hall, Townshend M. (1868) The Mineralogist's Directory: or, a guide to the Principal Mineral Localities in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Edward Stanford, London.
Russell, Arthur (1944) Notes on some minerals either new or rare to Britain. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 27 (184) 1-10 doi:10.1180/minmag.1944.027.184.02
Kingsbury, A.W.G. and Hartley, J. (MS) (1951) New occurrences of rare minerals in the northern part of the English Lake District: part 1.
Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Cooper, M. P., Stanley, C. J. (1990) Minerals of the English Lake District - Caldbeck Fells. The Natural History Museum, London.
Moulding, D., Hooper, J., Green, D. I. (2008) Stolzite from Penberthy Croft Mine, St Hilary, Cornwall. Journal of the Russell Society, 11. The Russell Society . 88-90
ⓘ 'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ 'Wad'
ⓘ 'White mica'
ⓘ Wulfenite
Formula: Pb(MoO4)

Gallery:

BaSO4ⓘ Baryte
PbCO3ⓘ Cerussite
Pb5(PO4)3Clⓘ Pyromorphite
SiO2ⓘ Quartz
FeCO3ⓘ Siderite
ZnSⓘ Sphalerite

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘSilver1.AA.05Ag
ⓘAntimony1.CA.05Sb
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘAcanthite2.BA.35Ag2S
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘMarcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
ⓘArsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
ⓘSkutterudite2.EC.05CoAs3
ⓘBournonite2.GA.50PbCuSbS3
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.α-Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘCuprite4.AA.10Cu2O
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘQuartz
var. Chalcedony		4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘ4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘManganite4.FD.15Mn3+O(OH)
ⓘFerrihydrite4.FE.35Fe3+10O14(OH)2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘSiderite5.AB.05FeCO3
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘCerussite5.AB.15PbCO3
ⓘMalachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
ⓘAnglesite7.AD.35PbSO4
ⓘBrochantite7.BB.25Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
ⓘJarosite7.BC.10KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘLinarite7.BC.65PbCu(SO4)(OH)2
ⓘMelanterite7.CB.35Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘLangite7.DD.10Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
ⓘSerpierite7.DD.30Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
ⓘLautenthalite7.DF.70PbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
ⓘWulfenite7.GA.05Pb(MoO4)
ⓘStolzite ?7.GA.05Pb(WO4)
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘPyromorphite8.BN.05Pb5(PO4)3Cl
ⓘErythrite8.CE.40Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘCordierite9.CJ.10(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
ⓘMuscovite
var. Illite		9.EC.15K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
ⓘ9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘClinochlore9.EC.55Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Unclassified
ⓘ'Psilomelane'-
ⓘ'Tourmaline'-AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ'Wad'-
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Ochre'-
ⓘ'White mica'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Hⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Hⓘ ErythriteCo3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Hⓘ FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
Hⓘ Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Hⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ LangiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
Hⓘ LautenthalitePbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Hⓘ LinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2
Hⓘ ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
Hⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Hⓘ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ SerpieriteCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
BBoron
Bⓘ TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
CCarbon
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Cⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cⓘ SideriteFeCO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ AnglesitePbSO4
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Oⓘ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Oⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Oⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Oⓘ CupriteCu2O
Oⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ ErythriteCo3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Oⓘ FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
Oⓘ Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Oⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ LangiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
Oⓘ LautenthalitePbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Oⓘ LinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2
Oⓘ ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
Oⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Oⓘ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ SerpieriteCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Oⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Oⓘ StolzitePb(WO4)
Oⓘ TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oⓘ WulfenitePb(MoO4)
FFluorine
Fⓘ FluoriteCaF2
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Mgⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Mgⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Alⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Alⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Siⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Siⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Siⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
SSulfur
Sⓘ AcanthiteAg2S
Sⓘ AnglesitePbSO4
Sⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ BournonitePbCuSbS3
Sⓘ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ LangiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
Sⓘ LautenthalitePbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Sⓘ LinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2
Sⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Sⓘ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ SerpieriteCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
ClChlorine
Clⓘ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
KPotassium
Kⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Kⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ SerpieriteCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
MnManganese
Mnⓘ ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
FeIron
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Feⓘ FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
Feⓘ Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Feⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Feⓘ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ SideriteFeCO3
CoCobalt
Coⓘ ErythriteCo3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Coⓘ SkutteruditeCoAs3
CuCopper
Cuⓘ BournonitePbCuSbS3
Cuⓘ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ CupriteCu2O
Cuⓘ LangiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
Cuⓘ LautenthalitePbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Cuⓘ LinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2
Cuⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cuⓘ SerpieriteCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SerpieriteCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Asⓘ ErythriteCo3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Asⓘ SkutteruditeCoAs3
MoMolybdenum
Moⓘ WulfenitePb(MoO4)
AgSilver
Agⓘ AcanthiteAg2S
Agⓘ SilverAg
SbAntimony
Sbⓘ AntimonySb
Sbⓘ BournonitePbCuSbS3
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
WTungsten
Wⓘ StolzitePb(WO4)
PbLead
Pbⓘ AnglesitePbSO4
Pbⓘ BournonitePbCuSbS3
Pbⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS
Pbⓘ LautenthalitePbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Pbⓘ LinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2
Pbⓘ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
Pbⓘ StolzitePb(WO4)
Pbⓘ WulfenitePb(MoO4)

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Paleozoic : 367 Ma to 349 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Paleozoic
  Carboniferous
   Mississippian
ⓘ Illite (youngest age)349 Ma
  Devonian
   Late/Upper Devonian
ⓘ Illite (oldest age)367 Ma

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

British and Irish IslesGroup of Islands
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent
UK

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

[1]Jarvis, Adam P., Catherine J. Gandy, and John A. Webb. 2023. "Controls on the Generation and Geochemistry of Neutral Mine Drainage: Evidence from Force Crag Mine, Cumbria, UK" Minerals 13, no. 5: 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13050592
www.cumbriamining.plus.com (n.d.) http://www.cumbriamining.plus.com/force_crag.htm
Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1951) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 1088.
Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1957) New occurrences of arseniosiderite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 31 (237) 499-500 doi:10.1180/minmag.1957.031.237.12
Freeman, F.J.B. (1982) The geology and geochemistry of Force Crag Mine, Cumbria. Unpublished MSc thesis, Camborne School of Mines.
Young, B., Cooper, A.H. (1988) The Geology and Mineralisation of Force Crag Mine, Cumbria. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 5(1), 5-11.
Green, D.I., McCallum, D., Wood, M. (1997) Supergene Cu, Pb, Zn and Ag Minerals from Force Crag Mine, Coledale, Cumbria. UK Journal of Mines and Minerals 18, 10-14
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