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Spiriferida ✝
| Description | Spiriferida is an order of extinct articulate brachiopod fossils which are known for their long hinge-line, which is often the widest part of the shell. In some genera (e.g. Mucrospirifer) it is greatly elongated, giving them a wing-like appearance. They often have a deep fold down the center of the shell. The feature that gives the spiriferids their name ("spiral-bearers") is the internal support for the lophophore; this brachidium, which is often preserved in fossils, is a thin ribbon of calcite that is typically coiled tightly within the shell. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiriferida, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | order | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Scientific Name | Spiriferida | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extinct | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 1,572 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 466 - 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Last Recorded Appearance | 183 - 164 Ma Jurassic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | stationary | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vision | blind (based on Rhynchonellata) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | suspension feeder | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | low Mg calcite (based on Brachiopoda) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | W. Waagen. 1883. Productus Limestone Fossils, Part IV, fas. 2. Salt Range Fossils, Palaeontologia Indica, Series 13 1(4):391-546 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiriferida |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delthyridina ✝ suborder | listed (PBDB) | 5,411 | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 254 Ma Permian | |
| Spiriferidina ✝ suborder | listed (PBDB) | 13,023 | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | 209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Thecideidina ✝ suborder | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Acrospiriferidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 195 | 419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 388 Ma Middle Devonian | |
| Adolfiidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 277 | 439 Ma Silurian | 359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | |
| Ambocoeliidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2,347 | 441 Ma Silurian | 252 Ma Permian | |
| Anomaloriidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Athyrisinidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aulidospiridae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Bashkiriidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Brachythyrididae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 226 | 365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | 254 Ma Permian | |
| Brachythyridinidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Choristitidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 207 | 359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | 254 Ma Permian | |
| Conispiriferidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Costispiriferidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Crassumbidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 12 | 359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | 272 Ma Permian | |
| Crenispiriferidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cyrtiidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 878 | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Cyrtinopsidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 160 | 443 Ma Silurian | 388 Ma Middle Devonian | |
| Cyrtospiriferidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 589 | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 272 Ma Permian | |
| Davidsoninidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 11 | 347 Ma Carboniferous | 315 Ma Carboniferous | |
| Dayiidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 129 | 443 Ma Silurian | 419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Delthyrididae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 939 | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 326 Ma Carboniferous | |
| Didymothyrididae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Echinospiriferidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 94 | 419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | |
| Elythidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1,853 | 423 Ma Silurian | 254 Ma Permian | |
| Elythynidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 23 | 416 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Enallothecideidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 176 Ma Early Jurassic | 161 Ma Jurassic | |
| Eudoxinidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 13 | 359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | 272 Ma Permian | |
| Filispiriferidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Fimbrispiriferidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Gerkispiridae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | 331 Ma Carboniferous | |
| Hedeinopsidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 17 | 441 Ma Silurian | 427 Ma Silurian | |
| Hyattidinidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 68 | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | 423 Ma Silurian | |
| Hysterolitidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 376 | 426 Ma Silurian | 384 Ma Middle Devonian | |
| Imbrexiidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 17 | 359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | 345 Ma Carboniferous | |
| Ingelarellidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 994 | 347 Ma Carboniferous | 254 Ma Permian | |
| Kayseriidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6 | 411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 388 Ma Middle Devonian | |
| Lazutkiniidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6 | 403 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 388 Ma Middle Devonian | |
| Martiniidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 875 | 427 Ma Silurian | 252 Ma Permian | |
| Metathyrisinidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Mongolospiridae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Mucrospiriferidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1,241 | 419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 304 Ma Carboniferous | |
| Multispiriferidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Neospiriferidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Paeckelmanellidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 61 | 323 Ma Carboniferous | 260 Ma Permian | |
| Palaeochoristitidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | 345 Ma Carboniferous | |
| Perissothyrididae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Protozeugidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Punctospiferidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Reticulariidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 531 | 443 Ma Silurian | 254 Ma Permian | |
| Retziellidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 114 | 443 Ma Silurian | 411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Skelidorygmidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 10 | 359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | 345 Ma Carboniferous | |
| Spinocyrtiidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 695 | 427 Ma Silurian | 345 Ma Carboniferous | |
| Spiriferellidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1,102 | 354 Ma Carboniferous | 254 Ma Permian | |
| Spiriferidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1,758 | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Spirigerellidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Spiropunctiferidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Strophopleuridae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 291 | 371 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | 254 Ma Permian | |
| Symmatrypidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 427 Ma Silurian | 427 Ma Silurian | |
| Syringothyridae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Tenellodermidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 36 | 433 Ma Silurian | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Thecidellidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Theodossiidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 31 | 411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | |
| Thomasariidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 10 | 388 Ma Middle Devonian | 359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | |
| Triathyrididae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Trigonotretidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2,370 | 359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | 254 Ma Permian | |
| Ulbospiriferidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6 | 376 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | 372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | |
| Uncitidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 388 Ma Middle Devonian | |
| Verneuiliidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Xenomartiniidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 104 | 423 Ma Silurian | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Xenosariidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Xestotrematidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Yangkongidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Adaptatrypa genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Antelocoelia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Artospirifer ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Boucotia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 11 | 423 Ma Silurian | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Callicalyptella ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Colongina ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Costanoplia ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 3 | 403 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Costatrypa genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cratospirifer ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Crinisaria ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Darbandia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 272 Ma Permian | 272 Ma Permian | |
| Donispirifer ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 315 Ma Carboniferous | 315 Ma Carboniferous | |
| Giraldibella ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 11 | 446 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 431 Ma Silurian | |
| Hollardiella ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Iliella ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Kalitvella ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Kimatothyris ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Luofuia ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Neogypidula genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Notanoplia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 11 | 443 Ma Silurian | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Notoparmella ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 22 | 427 Ma Silurian | 419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Ornothyrella ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Paracomposita ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Paracostanoplia ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Paraplicanoplia ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 7 | 419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Pararhynchospirina ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Parunicinella ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Plicambocoelia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 326 Ma Carboniferous | 326 Ma Carboniferous | |
| Plicanoplites ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Plicatosyrinx ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Pomatospirella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pustulatia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 80 | 409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 388 Ma Middle Devonian | |
| Quadranetes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Rariella ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Septaparmella ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Serrulatrypa ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Sikasella ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Tangxiangia ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 403 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Tegulispirifer ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 307 Ma Carboniferous | 307 Ma Carboniferous | |
| Trochalocyrtina genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Turganiella ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Weibeia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Xenospirifer ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 11 | 411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 388 Ma Middle Devonian | |
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1883 | Spiriferida Waagen |
| 1974 | Spiriferida Brunton and Champion p. 825 |
| 1997 | Spiriferida Jin and Chatterton |
| 1999 | Spiriferida Chen and Shi |
| 2002 | Spiriferida Sepkoski, Jr. |
| 2006 | Spiriferida Williams et al. p. 1689 |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
Treak Cliff Cavern, Castleton, High Peak, Derbyshire, England, UK