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Rhynchonellata
| Description | The Rhynchonelata is a class of Lower Cambrian to Recent articulate brachiopods that combines orders from within the Rhynchonelliformea (Articulata revised) with well developed pedicle attachment. Shell forms vary from those with wide hinge lines to beaked forms with virtually no hinge line and from generally smooth to strongly plicate. Most all are biconvex. Lophophores vary and include both looped and spiraled forms. Although morphologically distinct, included orders follow a consistent phylogenetic sequence. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhynchonellata, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | class | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Scientific Name | Rhynchonellata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 11,916 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 479 (4.0%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 530 - 516 Ma Cambrian | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | stationary, attached (based on Brachiopoda) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vision | blind | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | suspension feeder (based on Brachiopoda) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | low Mg calcite (based on Brachiopoda) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | A. Williams, S. J. Carlson, and C. H. C. Brunton, L. E. Holmer, L. E. Popov, M. Mergl, J. R. Laurie, M. G. Bassett, L. R. M. Cocks, J.-Y. Rong, S. S. Lazarev, R. E. Grant, P. R. Racheboeuf, Y.-G. Jin, B. R. Wardlaw, D. A. T. Harper, A. D. Wright, M. 2000. Part H Brachiopoda (revised): Volumes 2 & 3, Linguliformea, Craniiformea, Rhynchonelliformea (part). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name(s) | 嘴殻 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhynchonellata |
External Images
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
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| Athyridida ✝ order | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 12,507 | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | 183 Ma Early Jurassic | |
| Atrypida ✝ order | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 7,026 | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 201 Ma Early Jurassic | |
| Orthida ✝ order | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 20,218 | 530 Ma Cambrian | 168 Ma Middle Jurassic | |
| Pentamerida ✝ order | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3,797 | 516 Ma Cambrian | 380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | |
| Protorthida ✝ order | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 693 | 530 Ma Cambrian | 383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | |
| Rhynchonellida order | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 21,676 | 488 Ma Cambrian | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Spiriferida ✝ order | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 18,760 | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | 183 Ma Early Jurassic | |
| Spiriferinida ✝ order | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6,294 | 443 Ma Silurian | 174 Ma Middle Jurassic | |
 Terebratulidaorder | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 17,002 | 433 Ma Silurian | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Thecideida order | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 225 | 242 Ma Middle Triassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Cadomelloidea ✝ superfamily | listed (PBDB) | 5 | 201 Ma Early Jurassic | 182 Ma Early Jurassic | |
| Cardiarinidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 304 Ma Carboniferous | 304 Ma Carboniferous | |
| Mongolellidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Tropidoleptidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 446 | 419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | |
| Arzonella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cadomella ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 201 Ma Early Jurassic | 182 Ma Early Jurassic | |
| Dentatrypa ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1996 | Rhynchonellata Williams et al. |
| 1999 | Rhynchonellata Chen and Shi |
| 2000 | Rhynchonellata Williams et al. |
| 2001 | Rhynchonellata Carlson p. 1111 |
| 2002 | Rhynchonellata Feldman p. 37 |
| 2003 | Rhynchonellata Benedetto |
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 2007 | Rhynchonellata Zuykov and Harper |
| 2008 | Rhynchonellata Zuykov et al. |
| 2010 | Rhynchonellata Kaim et al. p. 76 |
| 2011 | Rhynchonellata Hansen and Holmer |
| 2014 | Rhynchonellata Jakobsen et al. |
| 2017 | Rhynchonellata Liljeroth et al. |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
Rockford Pit, Floyd County, Iowa, USA