Brachiopoda
Description | Brachiopods, phylum Brachiopoda, are a group of lophotrochozoan animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs. Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear end, while the front can be opened for feeding or closed for protection. Two major groups are recognized, articulate and inarticulate. The word "articulate" is used to describe the tooth-and-groove features of the valve-hinge which is present in the articulate group, and absent from the inarticulate group. This is the leading diagnostic feature (fossilizable), by which the two main groups can be readily distinguished. Articulate brachiopods have toothed hinges and simple opening and closing muscles, while inarticulate brachiopods have untoothed hinges and a more complex system of muscles used to keep the two valves aligned. In a typical brachiopod a stalk-like pedicle projects from an opening in one of the valves near the hinges, known as the pedicle valve, keeping the animal anchored to the seabed but clear of silt that would obstruct the opening. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachiopoda, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Source Data |
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Rank | phylum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Brachiopoda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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Common Name | lamp shell | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Scientific Name | Brachiopoda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Opinions (PBDB) |
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Status (PBDB) | extant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxon Size (PBDB) | 18,904 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Extant Size (PBDB) | 564 (3.0%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First Recorded Appearance | 541 - 530 Ma Cambrian | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Motility | stationary, attached | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diet | suspension feeder | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ecospace Comments | ECOSPACE CODE: 361. LIFE HISTORY: Epifaunal suspension feeder (Caron & Jackson, 2008). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taphonomy | low Mg calcite | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary Reference (PBDB) | J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Name(s) | Armfotingar, Lamp Shell, Brachiopods, Lampshells, Armfüßer, Armkiemer, Brachiopoden, Lampenmuscheln, Stielmuscheln, Armfødder, Armpotigen, Brachiopodes, Braquiópodos, Lamp Shells, 腕足動物, Bivalve Coelomates, Braquiópode | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachiopoda |
External Images
Subtaxa
Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
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Craniiformea subphylum | listed (PBDB) | 1,327 | 516 Ma Cambrian | 0 Ma Extant | |
Disciniformea subphylum | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Linguliformea subphylum | listed (PBDB) | 7,320 | 541 Ma Cambrian | 0 Ma Extant | |
Rhynchonelliformea subphylum | listed (PBDB) | 165,208 | 541 Ma Cambrian | 0 Ma Extant | |
Chileata ✝ class | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 173 | 520 Ma Cambrian | 260 Ma Permian | |
Craniata class | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1,327 | 516 Ma Cambrian | 0 Ma Extant | |
Kutorginata ✝ class | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 128 | 541 Ma Cambrian | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | |
Lingulata class | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6,945 | 541 Ma Cambrian | 0 Ma Extant | |
Obolellata ✝ class | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 90 | 541 Ma Cambrian | 433 Ma Silurian | |
Rhynchonellata class | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 108,662 | 530 Ma Cambrian | 0 Ma Extant | |
Strophomenata class | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 56,120 | 516 Ma Cambrian | 0 Ma Extant | |
Tommotiida ✝ class | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 246 | 541 Ma Cambrian | 513 Ma Cambrian | |
Pygocaulia subclass | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Inarticulata order | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Clitambonoidea ✝ suborder | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 468 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
Dallinacea ✝ superfamily | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Punctospiracea ✝ superfamily | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Alphaneospiriferidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Cryptotretidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Mickwitziidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 29 | 530 Ma Cambrian | 516 Ma Cambrian | |
Paterinidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 317 | 541 Ma Cambrian | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
Acanthotretella ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 6 | 513 Ma Cambrian | 513 Ma Cambrian | |
Agastapleura ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Anatrypa genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Anomites genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Biarea ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Branxtonia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Cornwallia ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Crania genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Dirinus ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Eccentrotheca ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 52 | 541 Ma Cambrian | 516 Ma Cambrian | |
Ernogia ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 4 | 541 Ma Cambrian | 530 Ma Cambrian | |
Harttina genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Iphidella ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 13 | 516 Ma Cambrian | 485 Ma Cambrian | |
Jilinia ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Larium ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Lathamella ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 9 | 541 Ma Cambrian | 541 Ma Cambrian | |
Leptolepyron genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Longtancunella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Manosia ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
Nekvasilovella ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Neogypidula ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Ocruranus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Orbicula genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Oymurania ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 12 | 520 Ma Cambrian | 516 Ma Cambrian | |
Palaeocarrickella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Pereudesia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Pholidops ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 67 | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | 388 Ma Middle Devonian | |
Plectorhynchonella ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | 372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | |
Pomatospirella ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 3 | 242 Ma Middle Triassic | 235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
Pseudoleptostrophia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Reflexia ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Rhynchoferella ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Rictia ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Socraticum ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Spondylobolus ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Surindia ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Tegulella ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 10 | 468 Ma Middle Ordovician | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
Terebratulites genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Thecidium genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
Venezuelia ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Virbium ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Xianshanella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Yeosinella ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Yongjia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
Zalvera genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Actrotreta highgatensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Bicostata bicostata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Boreadortis crassa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Boreadortis recula species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Carniferella alleni species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Carniferella costellata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Clotinda rotunda species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Delororthis vescus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Echinoroelia pretiosa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Inocaulus minganensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Komia eganensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Liorhynchus carboniferum species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Liorhynchus haguei species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Mocphorhynchus newmexicoense species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Muscrospirifer parvus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Neopatystrophia saxbyensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Pagetides clydensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Pagetides cooperi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Pagetides gracilis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Pagetides pusilla species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Parafusus aurecollis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Parafusus catinulus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Parafusus duodenaria species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Parafusus eurekensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Parafusus manardensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Platyostoma perplexa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Podogonium allegania species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Podogonium nevadensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Priscochiton alia species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Proanoplia pygmaea species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Pseudoxybelocer americana species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Rapidiorhynchus newmexicoense species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Rhabdostrophia striatisculpta species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Spenorhynchia angulata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Stophomena kiaeri species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Tecnocrytina fissiplicata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Yangtzella reticulatus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB |
Synonymy List
Year | Name and Author |
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1805 | Brachiopoda Cuvier |
1848 | Ancylopoda Gray |
1848 | Helictopoda Gray |
1858 | Arthropomata Owen |
1858 | Lyopomata Owen |
1862 | Ecardines Bronn |
1862 | Testicardines Bronn |
1869 | Articulata Huxley |
1869 | Inarticulata Huxley p. 116 |
1904 | Davidia dollfusi Delgado |
1904 | Modiolopsis bocagei Delgado |
1904 | Brachiopoda Martin p. 402 |
1933 | Brachiopoda Phleger, Jr. p. 7 |
1964 | Articulata Boucot and Johnson p. 3 |
Year | Name and Author |
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1984 | Articulata Squires p. 15 |
1986 | Inarticulata Holmer |
1995 | Articulata Sandy et al. p. 841 |
1998 | Articulata Barnes |
1998 | Inarticulata Barnes |
1998 | Brachiopoda Zrzavy et al. |
1998 | Inarticulata Zrzavy et al. |
2002 | Articulata Sepkoski, Jr. |
2002 | Brachiopoda Sepkoski, Jr. |
2002 | Inarticulata Sepkoski, Jr. |
2011 | Brachiopoda Edgecombe et al. p. 153 figs. Fig. 1 |
2012 | Brachiopoda Nielsen p. 230 |
2013 | Brachiopoda Nesnidal et al. |
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