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Periptychidae ✝

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Description

Periptychidae is a family of Paleocene placental mammals, known definitively only from North America. The family is part of a radiation of early herbivorous and omnivorous mammals classified in the extinct order Condylarthra, which may be related to some or all living ungulates (hoofed mammals). Periptychids are distinguished from other condylarths by their teeth, which have swollen premolars and unusual vertical enamel ridges. The family includes both large and small genera, with the larger forms having robust skeletons. Known skeletons of periptychids suggest generalized terrestrial habits.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periptychidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3239514	https://www.gbif.org/species/3239514
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	42266	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42266

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Periptychidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Ungulata : Periptychidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
order	Ungulata
-	Bulbulodentata	Archibald 1998
family	Periptychidae	Cope 1882

Common Name

condylarth

Scientific Name

Periptychidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Periptychidae	family	belongs to Condylarthra	stated without evidence	Cope, 1889
Periptychidae	family	belongs to Taligrada	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Periptychidae	family	belongs to Amblypodi	stated without evidence	Jaekel, 1911
Periptychidae	family	belongs to Condylarthra	stated without evidence	Chow et al., 1977
Periptychidae	family	belongs to Condylarthra	stated with evidence	Archibald et al., 1983
Periptychidae	family	belongs to Condylarthra	implied	Carroll, 1988
Periptychidae	family	belongs to Bulbulodentata	stated with evidence	Archibald, 1998
Periptychidae	family	belongs to Condylarthra	stated without evidence	Kielan-Jaworowska et al., 2004
Periptychidae	family	belongs to Eparctocyona	stated without evidence	McKenna and Honey, 2008

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

93.5 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Last Recorded Appearance

58.7 - 55.8 Ma
Paleogene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

herbivore

Ecospace Comments

Periptychus ate "tough, fibrous plant material" but "Some of the smaller taxa... probably ate higher-energy diets, which may have included fruits, nuts, or even insects"

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Common Name(s)

Condylarth

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periptychidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Anisonchinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)	74	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	58.7 Ma Paleocene
Conacodontinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)	43	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	61.7 Ma Paleocene
Periptychinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)	118	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	61.7 Ma Paleocene
Alticonus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ampliconus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Anisonchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	54	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	61.7 Ma Paleocene
Auraria ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Conacodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	15	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ectoconus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	30	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Escatepos ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Goleroconus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Haploconus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	19	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	63.3 Ma Paleocene
Hemithlaeus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lessnessina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	56.0 Ma Paleocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Maiorana ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Mimatuta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	57	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Mithrandir ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	17	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Oxyacodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	27	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Paleoungulatum ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Periptychus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	88	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	61.7 Ma Paleocene
Pseudanisonchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	58.7 Ma Paleocene	58.7 Ma Paleocene
Tinuviel ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1882	Periptychidae Cope
1889	Periptychidae Cope p. 876
1891	Periptychidae Flower and Lydekker p. 90
1897	Periptychidae Ameghino p. 439
1902	Periptychidae Hay p. 693
1910	Periptychidae Gregory p. 466
1911	Periptychidae Jaekel p. 239

Year	Name and Author
1977	Periptychidae Chow et al.
1979	Periptychidae Zhang et al.
1983	Periptychidae Archibald et al. p. 3
1988	Periptychidae Carroll
1998	Periptychidae Archibald p. 299
2004	Periptychidae Kielan-Jaworowska et al. pp. 495, 514-515
2008	Periptychidae McKenna and Honey p. 32

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Cope E. D. Synopsis of the families of Vertebrata, The American Naturalist 23, 1-29

Ameghino F. Mammiféres crétacés de l’Argentine (Deuxième contribution à la connaissance de la fauna mammalogique de couches à Pyrotherium) [Cretaceous mammals of Argentina (second contribution to the knowledge of the mammalian fauna of the Pyrotherium Beds)], Boletin Instituto Geografico Argentino 18 4–9, 406-521

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Gregory W. K. (1910) The orders of mammals, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 27, 1-524

Jaekel O. (1911) , Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die Fossilen und Lebenden Formen [The Vertebrates. An Overview of the Fossil and Living Forms], viii-252

Chow M., Zhang Y., et al (1977) Paleocene mammalian fauna from the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong Province, Paleontologica Sinica, new series C 20

Zhang Y., Zheng J., et al (1979) Several species of Condylarthra from the Paleocene of Jiangxi, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Red Beds of South China, 382-386

Archibald J. D., Schoch R. M., et al (1983) A new subfamily, Conacodontinae, and new species, Conacodon kohlbergeri, of the Periptychidae (Condylarthra, Mammalia), Postilla 191, 1-24

Archibald J. D. (1998) Archaic ungulates ("Condylarthra"), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1, 292-331

Kielan-Jaworowska Z., Cifelli R. L., et al (2004) Mammals from the age of dinosaurs: Origins, evolution, and structure, Columbia University Press, New York, 1-630

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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