Chrysothallite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Chrysothallite
Formula:
K6Cu6Tl3+Cl17(OH)4 · H2O
Colour:
Golden-yellow to light yellow
Lustre:
Vitreous
Specific Gravity:
2.95
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Name is an allusion to the colour and thallium content.
Second recognized mineral with essential trivalent thallium. The other such species are avicennite and kalithallite.
Other thallium-bearing chlorides: hephaistosite, steropesite, lafossaite.
Unique crystal structure with layer of distorted edge-sharing CuCl4(OH)2 octahedra; two types of isolated Tl-centered octahedra: TlCl6 and TlCl4(H2O)2; two types of K polyhedra - KCl6 and KCl9 - linking the other building blocks (Pekov et al., 2015).
Product of the interaction of fumarole gas, atmospheric water and high-temperature sublimate minerals; forming at max. temperature of 150ºC.
Other thallium-bearing chlorides: hephaistosite, steropesite, lafossaite.
Unique crystal structure with layer of distorted edge-sharing CuCl4(OH)2 octahedra; two types of isolated Tl-centered octahedra: TlCl6 and TlCl4(H2O)2; two types of K polyhedra - KCl6 and KCl9 - linking the other building blocks (Pekov et al., 2015).
Product of the interaction of fumarole gas, atmospheric water and high-temperature sublimate minerals; forming at max. temperature of 150ºC.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
43874
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:43874:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
f33883b1-7977-4684-9148-8a4e25fe6782
IMA Classification of Chrysothallite
Approved
Classification of Chrysothallite
3.DA.70
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
A : With Cu, etc., without Pb
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
A : With Cu, etc., without Pb
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Cry | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Chrysothallite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Golden-yellow to light yellow
Streak:
White
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2.95 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.97 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Chrysothallite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.720 nε = 1.730
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.010
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Chemistry of Chrysothallite
Mindat Formula:
K6Cu6Tl3+Cl17(OH)4 · H2O
Common Impurities:
Zn
Crystallography of Chrysothallite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
I4/mmm
Setting:
I4/mmm
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.3689(7) Å, c = 26.207(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.305
Unit Cell V:
3,387.30 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 13.20 Å | (44) |
| 6.88 Å | (100) |
| 5.16 Å | (30) |
| 4.027 Å | (26) |
| 3.471 Å | (28) |
| 3.153 Å | (30) |
| 3.075 Å | (47) |
| 2.771 Å | (38) |
Comments:
From Type Description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Chrysothallite
General Appearance of Type Material:
tabular, lamellar, equant or short prismatic crystals up to 0.1 mm in size, their clusters and pseudomorphs after urusovite crystal crusts up to 1.5 cm × 2 cm in area.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Type material is deposited in the collections of the collections of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, registration number 4384/1
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Fumerole
Synonyms of Chrysothallite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 5 photos of Chrysothallite associated with Avdoninite | K2Cu5(OH)4Cl8 · H2O |
| 4 photos of Chrysothallite associated with Belloite | Cu(OH)Cl |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 3.DA. | Centennialite | CaCu3Cl2(OH)6 · nH2O (n ~ 0.7) |
| 3.DA. | Muonionalustaite | Ni3(OH)4Cl2 · 4H2O |
| 3.DA. | Parahibbingite | Fe2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA. | Bounahasite | Cu+Cu2+2(OH)3Cl2 |
| 3.DA.05 | Melanothallite | Cu2Cl2O |
| 3.DA.10a | Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10b | Botallackite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10b | Clinoatacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10a | Hibbingite | Fe2+2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10a | Kempite | Mn2+2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10c | Kuliginite | Fe3Mg(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Paratacamite | Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10b | Belloite | Cu(OH)Cl |
| 3.DA.10c | Herbertsmithite | Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Kapellasite | Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Gillardite | Cu3Ni(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Haydeeite | Cu3Mg(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Leverettite | Cu3Co(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Paratacamite-(Ni) | Cu3(Ni,Cu)(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Tondiite | Cu3Mg(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Misakiite | Cu3Mn(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10b | Iyoite | MnCuCl(OH)3 |
| 3.DA.10b | Unnamed (Cu-Zn Chloride Hydroxide) | CuZnCl(OH)3 |
| 3.DA.15 | Claringbullite | Cu4ClF(OH)6 |
| 3.DA.15 | Barlowite | Cu4BrF(OH)6 |
| 3.DA.20 | Simonkolleite | Zn5Cl2(OH)8 · H2O |
| 3.DA.25 | Buttgenbachite | Cu19(NO3)2(OH)32Cl4 · 2H2O |
| 3.DA.25 | Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| 3.DA.30 | Abhurite | Sn21Cl16(OH)14O6 |
| 3.DA.35 | Ponomarevite | K4Cu4Cl10O |
| 3.DA.40 | Anthonyite | Cu(OH,Cl)2 · 3H2O |
| 3.DA.40 | Calumetite | CaCu4(OH)8Cl2 · 3.5H2O |
| 3.DA.45 | Khaidarkanite | Cu4Al3(OH)14F3 · 2H2O |
| 3.DA.50 | Bobkingite | Cu5Cl2(OH)8 · 2H2O |
| 3.DA.55 | Avdoninite | K2Cu5(OH)4Cl8 · H2O |
| 3.DA.60 | Droninoite | Ni6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O |
| 3.DA.70 | Dioskouriite | CaCu4Cl6(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| 3.DA.75 | Feodosiyite | Cu11Mg2Cl18(OH)8 · 16H2O |
| 3.DA.80 | Romanorlovite | K8Cu6Cl17(OH)3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Chrysothallite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-43874.html
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References for Chrysothallite
Reference List:
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2013) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2013. CNMNC Newsletter No 16. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (6) 2695-2709 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.6.01
Pekov, Igor V., Zubkova, Natalia V., Belakovskiy, Dmitry I., Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O., Vigasina, Marina F., Lykova, Inna S., Sidorov, Evgeny G., Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu. (2015) Chrysothallite K6Cu6Tl3+Cl17(OH)4·H2O, a new mineral species from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (2) 365-376 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.2.14
Localities for Chrysothallite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Russia | |
| Pekov et al. (2015) |
| Williams et al. (2013) |
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Second scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia