Tyrolite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Tyrolite
Formula:
Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8 · 11H2O
Colour:
Turquoise-blue, blue-green; light bluish green in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Silky, Pearly
Hardness:
1½ - 2
Specific Gravity:
3 - 3.2
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named after its discovery locality, Falkenstein near Schwaz, Tyrol, Austria.
A secondary mineral found in the oxidized zones of copper deposits.
Material from the type locality is monoclinic (P2/c; polytype tyrolite-1M); a C-centred monoclinic polytype also exists at the type locality and is called tyrolite-2M (Krivovichev et al., 2006). The presence of polytypes in tyrolite was inferred from optical properties by Wieser & Zabinski (1986).
'Clinotyrolite' (originally published without IMA approval) is now a synonym of tangdanite; its unit cell is close to that of tyrolite-1M.
Note: Not all "tyrolites" may contain CO3 groups (see also Church, 1895) and some may be identical with the closely related tangdanite (the ideal formula of which contains no carbonate but sulphate instead).
Tyrolite may also be confused with theisite and claraite.
Material from the type locality is monoclinic (P2/c; polytype tyrolite-1M); a C-centred monoclinic polytype also exists at the type locality and is called tyrolite-2M (Krivovichev et al., 2006). The presence of polytypes in tyrolite was inferred from optical properties by Wieser & Zabinski (1986).
'Clinotyrolite' (originally published without IMA approval) is now a synonym of tangdanite; its unit cell is close to that of tyrolite-1M.
Note: Not all "tyrolites" may contain CO3 groups (see also Church, 1895) and some may be identical with the closely related tangdanite (the ideal formula of which contains no carbonate but sulphate instead).
Tyrolite may also be confused with theisite and claraite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4070
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4070:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
4cc63cf5-78dc-426a-a611-50458d3a989b
IMA Classification of Tyrolite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Tyrolite
8.DM.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
M : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
M : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1
42.4.3.1
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : (AB)5(XO4)2Zq·xH2O
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : (AB)5(XO4)2Zq·xH2O
22.4.5
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
4 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with carbonate
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
4 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with carbonate
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Tyl | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Tyrolite
Vitreous, Silky, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Aggregates silky at times; pearly on {001}.
Colour:
Turquoise-blue, blue-green; light bluish green in transmitted light.
Streak:
Paler than unpowdered colour.
Hardness:
1½ - 2 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Sectile
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
In [001], well-defined.
In [001], well-defined.
Density:
3 - 3.2 g/cm3 (Measured)
Comment:
3.25 (Tintic material).
Optical Data of Tyrolite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.694 nβ = 1.726 nγ = 1.730
2V:
Measured: 33° to 39°, Calculated: 38°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.036
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
relatively strong
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X = b = Pale grass-green
Y = c = Pale yellowish green
Z = a = Pale grass-green
Y = c = Pale yellowish green
Z = a = Pale grass-green
Chemistry of Tyrolite
Mindat Formula:
Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8 · 11H2O
Common Impurities:
S,O
Crystallography of Tyrolite
Polytype:
Formula:
Crystal System:
Class (H-M)
Space Group:
Space Group Setting:
Cell Parameters:
Ratio:
Unit Cell Volume (calc):
Z:
| Tyrolite-1M | Tyrolite-2M |
|---|---|
| Monoclinic | Monoclinic |
| 2/m - Prismatic | 2/m - Prismatic |
| B2/m | |
| C2/m | |
| a = 27.562(3) Å, b = 5.5682(7) Å, c = 10.4662(15) Å β = 98.074(11)° | a = 54.520(6) Å, b = 5.5638(6) Å, c = 10.4647(10) Å β = 96.432(9)° |
| a:b:c = 4.95 : 1 : 1.88 | a:b:c = 9.799 : 1 : 1.881 |
| V 1590.3 ų | V 3,154.36 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell) |
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 28.0 Å | (FFF) |
| 14.1 Å | (F) |
| 5.27 Å | (fm) |
| 4.85 Å | (mF) |
| 4.44 Å | (m) |
| 2.98 Å | (F) |
| 2.70 Å | (F) |
Comments:
Very similar to the pattern of tangdanite. See also http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/AMS/xtal_data/DIFfiles/18341.txt.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| 47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Tyrolite
Synonyms of Tyrolite
Other Language Names for Tyrolite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 178 photos of Tyrolite associated with Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 61 photos of Tyrolite associated with Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 31 photos of Tyrolite associated with Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| 23 photos of Tyrolite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 21 photos of Tyrolite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 20 photos of Tyrolite associated with Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 16 photos of Tyrolite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 12 photos of Tyrolite associated with Tangdanite | Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(SO4)0.5(OH)9 · 9H2O |
| 11 photos of Tyrolite associated with Zeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 9 photos of Tyrolite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.DM. | Betpakdalite-CaMg | [Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O36(OH)] |
| 8.DM. | Betpakdalite-FeFe | [Fe3+2 (H2O)15(OH)2Fe3+(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O37] |
| 8.DM. | Penriceite | [Mg(H2O)6][Na(H2O)2Al3(PO4)2F6] · H2O |
| 8.DM. | Elliottite | NaMgAl3(PO4)2F6 · 9H2O |
| 8.DM. | Sarrochite | [Ca4(H2O)38][Mo8P2Fe3+3O37(OH)] |
| 8.DM. | Tomsquarryite | NaMgAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 · 8H2O |
| 8.DM. | Chinnerite | [Mg(H2O)6]Na(H2O)2Al3(PO4)2F6 |
| 8.DM.05 | Morinite | NaCa2Al2(PO4)2(OH)F4 · 2H2O |
| 8.DM.05 | Esperanzaite | NaCa2Al2(AsO4)2(OH)F4 · 2H2O |
| 8.DM.10 | Tangdanite | Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(SO4)0.5(OH)9 · 9H2O |
| 8.DM.15 | Betpakdalite-CaCa | [Ca2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)] |
| 8.DM.15 | Melkovite | [Ca2(H2O)15Ca(H2O)6][Mo8P2Fe3+3O36(OH)] |
| 8.DM.15 | Betpakdalite-NaCa | [Na2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O34(OH)3] |
| 8.DM.20 | Phosphovanadylite-Ba | Ba[V4+4P2O8(OH)8] · 12H2O |
| 8.DM.20 | Phosphovanadylite-Ca | Ca[V4+4P2O12(OH)4] · 12H2O |
| 8.DM.25 | Yukonite | Ca3Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| 8.DM.30 | Uduminelite | Ca3Al8(PO4)2O12 · 2H2O |
| 8.DM.35 | Aldermanite | [Mg(H2O)6][Na(H2O)2Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)6] · H2O |
| 8.DM.35 | Azovskite | Fe3+3(PO4)(OH)6 or near |
| 8.DM.35 | Delvauxite | CaFe4(PO4,SO4)2(OH)8 · 4-6H2O not confirmed |
| 8.DM.40 | Santafeite | (Na,Ca,Sr)12(Mn2+,Fe3+,Al,Mg)8Mn4+8(VO4)16(OH,O)20 · 8H2O |
| 8.DM.55 | Tapiaite | Ca5Al2(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 12H2O |
| 8.DM.60 | Alcantarillaite | [Fe3+0.5(H2O)4][CaAs3+2(Fe3+2.5W6+0.5)(AsO4)2O7] |
Other Information
Notes:
Readily soluble in cold HCl. Soluble in ammonia.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Tyrolite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4070.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Tyrolite
Reference List:
Haidinger, Wilhelm (1845) Handbuch der bestimmenden Mineralogie, enthaltend die Terminologie, Systematik, Nomenklatur und Charakteristik der Naturgeschichte des Mineralreiches (1st ed.) Braumüller & Seidel, Vienna. as tirolit
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin Vol. 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.144,147
Wolfe, C. W. (1940) Classification of minerals of the type A3(XO4)2·nH2O (concluded) American Mineralogist, 25 (12) 787-809 p.799 - (as tichalcite)
Krivovichev, S. V., Chernyshov, D. Yu., Dobelin, N., Armbruster, Th., Kahlenberg, V., Kaindl, R., Ferraris, G., Tessadri, R., Kaltenhauser, G. (2006) Crystal chemistry and polytypism of tyrolite. American Mineralogist, 91 (8) 1378-1384 doi:10.2138/am.2006.2040
Localities for Tyrolite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| H. Meixner (1949) |
| Indra | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| H. Meixner (1949) |
| Puttner (1996) |
| MEIXNER (1963) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| A.Pichler (2012) | |
| G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 191./111.:97-102 (2001) |
| Niederösterreichisches Landesmuseum ... |
| Mrazek (1992) |
| Poeverlein (1990) |
| Putz (2004) |
| Kirchner et al. (2004) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| R.Poeverlein (2016) | |
| Poeverlein (2008) | |
| Christian Auer collection (EDS by F. Bernhard, Graz) |
| Taucher (1995) |
| Postl et al. (1984) +2 other references |
| Jarlowsky (1964) +1 other reference |
| Postl (1977) |
| Postl (1977) | |
| H. Sarp and J. Deferne (1983) | |
| C.Auer (2013) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2002) |
| Der Aufschluß (2006) |
| C.Auer (2015) | |
| Putz et al. (2012) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Exel (1993) | |
| C.Auer (2021) | |
| Exel (1993) | |
| Schnorrer et al. (2005) | |
| Schnorrer+Poeverlein (2005) | |
| C.Auer (2016) | |
| C.Auer (2011) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Neschen (n.d.) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2018) |
| 54 (in German) +1 other reference |
| 54 (in German) +1 other reference | |
| 54 (in German) +1 other reference | |
| 58. +2 other references |
| Exel (1993) | |
| Exel (1982) |
| Gstrein (1981) |
| Haidinger (1845) +1 other reference |
| C.Auer (2015) | |
| Lapis 19 (7/8) | |
| Arlt et al. (1994) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2007) |
| F. Brandstätter et al. (245 – 288) |
| BRANDSTÄTTER et al. (1990) | |
| E.J.Zirkl | |
| Brandstetter et al. (2020) |
| Bechter (2010) |
| Niedermayr (1988) +2 other references | |
| Bechter (2010) |
| Kolitsch (2015) |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
Bulgaria | |
| Mincheva-Stefanova (1968) |
| Minceva-Stefanova (2001) |
| Minceva-Stefanova (2001) |
Canada | |
| Reiner Mielke 2017 |
Chile | |
| Dr. Robert A. Jenkins find - personal ... |
| Rob Lavinky samples +1 other reference |
China | |
| Yi Li and Lairen Lai (1990) |
| Yi Li et al. (2004) |
| Hercule Shen +1 other reference |
| Anthony |
| Anthony | |
| Hercule Shen | |
Czech Republic | |
| Pauliš |
| Černý |
| Petr Pauliš (2000) |
| Sejkora (1994) |
| Velebil +5 other references |
France | |
| Coueille (1988) |
| Favreau G. et al. (1996) |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| J.-L. Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien" (Mulhouse) |
| P&T N°23-24 et al. (Haut-Rhin) |
| T. Brunsperger In-Situ observations. |
| Paul De Bondt collection | |
| T. Brunsperger observations | |
| Wittern | |
| Wittern | |
| P&T N°23-24 et al. (Haut-Rhin) |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Escande et al. (1973) +6 other references |
| Escande et al. (1973) +6 other references | |
| Forner et al. (1997) |
| Favreau et al. (2003) |
| Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21 |
| Gourault C. (1997) | |
| Caubel (1997) +1 other reference |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Guitard (2010) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Legrand et al. (1986) +1 other reference |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Emser Hefte 15 (3) |
| Brill et al. (2017) |
| Walenta (1998) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| |
| |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| see locality page |
| |
| Hock et al. (1992) |
| Nickel et al. (1985) |
| Nickel et al. (1985) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Emser Hefte 1988 (1) +2 other references |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Emser Hefte 1982 (2) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| J. Gröbner: Neufunde aus den Bergbaurevieren St. Andreasberg et al. (2007) |
| J. Gröbner: Neufunde aus den Bergbaurevieren St. Andreasberg et al. (2007) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Gerhard Müller: Bergbau-PSL-Mineralogie et al. (Saarbrücken 1996) |
| Lapis 30 (7/8) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Lapis 30 (7/8) |
| Martin et al. (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Knoll (2009) |
| Collection HJ Haas |
| Gröbner et al. (2008) |
| Philip Bluemner Collection |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Lapis 12/1993 |
Greece | |
| Katerinopoulos et al. (1994) |
| Fritz Schreiber collection | |
Hungary | |
| Acta Min. Petro. (Szeged) |
| collection: Gábor Koller |
Iran | |
| Bariand et al. (1993) |
Ireland | |
| |
| Moreton et al. (2006) |
| |
| Ryback et al. (1988) |
| Barry Flannery Collection |
Italy | |
| SEM/EDS analysis |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2017) | |
| EDX analysis by Italo Campostrini |
| Redazionale (2005) |
| Lizza G. (2014) | |
| Carmagnola et al. (2019) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Lapis (7/8) +2 other references |
| Guastoni A. (2009) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Mattioli (1975) +2 other references | |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) | |
| Wopfner et al. (2017) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) | |
| Ferretti et al. (2019) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| W. Strohschneider (1975) |
| Orlandi et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) |
| Biagioni et al. (2019) | |
| Marco Bonifazi collection |
| Saccardo D. et al. (Torrebelvicino, Vicenza) |
| Boscardin et al. (1999) +2 other references |
| Zordan et al. (2001) +2 other references | |
Japan | |
| Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Survey museum, Japan) |
| Uehara et al. (2014) | |
| Uehara et al. (2014) | |
| Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Kopchenova et al. (1962) +1 other reference |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Kolesar et al. (1993) |
| Kolesar et al. (1993) | |
Mexico | |
| Planer-Friedrich (2000) |
Morocco | |
| Peter Lof collection |
Poland | |
| Mochnacka et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Domań +2 other references |
| Siuda et al. (2003) |
| R Siuda collection |
| Wieser et al. (1986) |
Portugal | |
| Pedro Alves collection. Characterized ... |
Romania | |
| Collected by Gábor Koller (S.Szakáll) |
Russia | |
| |
| Fersman Mineralogical Museum | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Yakhontova +3 other references |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
Slovakia | |
| Kodě +2 other references |
| Rieder et al. (1961) |
| Števko M. | |
| Kodě +2 other references |
| Pauliš (1977) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Řídkošil (1978) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
Spain | |
| VIÑALS et al. (2004) |
| Castillo et al. (1972) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| Manuel Gutierrez Claverol y Carlos ... |
| Calvo (2015) +2 other references |
| Calvo (2015) |
| Calvo et al. (2014) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| Garrido et al. (2013) |
| Calvo (2015) |
| Joan Rosell | |
| Calvo (2015) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) | |
| Sainz de Baranda et al. (2003) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) | |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| Mineralogía de la concesión San Rafael | |
| issuu.com (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| issuu.com (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Meisser (1999) |
| EDXS analyses | |
| Meisser (1999) | |
| Krähenbühl H. (1999) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Brugger J. (1996) |
| Bruno Lüscher Collection +1 other reference |
| Cuchet et al. (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Kolitsch (1998) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
UK | |
| Ryback et al. (1988) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Kingsbury (MS1) +3 other references |
| Stanley et al. (1991) | |
| Hintze +3 other references |
| BMS Collection |
| Hubbard et al. (2005) |
| Livingstone et al. (1983) |
| Braithwaite et al. (1990) |
| R. S. W. Braithwaite and J. R. Knight (1990) +1 other reference |
| |
| www.geologywales.co.uk (2006) |
| Armstrong | |
| Day (1999) |
| Wolfe (2000) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Ream (1995) |
| [Mineralogical Record - Vol 23 No. 2] |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Rocks & Minerals |
| Jensen (1993) +1 other reference |
| Jensen (1993) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Franklin Mineral Exhibit Catalogs 1985 |
| NY State Museum spec. no. 17788 |
| Smith and Hoff (1984) |
| |
| Dana 6:1092 +2 other references |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Dana 6: 1092 +2 other references | |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Mineral News: 8 (1) +1 other reference |
| Kokinos et al. (1993) |
| Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22 +1 other reference | |
| Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22 | |
| Rick Dalrymple Collection | |
| Collection of Alex Earl | |
| Rick Dalrymple Collection |
Quick NavTopAbout TyroliteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Farbište, Poniky, Banská Bystrica District, Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia