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Damaraite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Damaraite (3)

Search Photos of Damaraite

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Damaraite

Kombat Mine, Kombat, Otavi Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Damaraite

Kombat Mine, Kombat, Otavi Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Damaraite

Passa Limani Cove slag locality, Lavrion slag localities, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece

Damaraite

Kombat Mine, Kombat, Otavi Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Damaraite

Passa Limani Cove slag locality, Lavrion slag localities, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece

Damaraite

Kombat Mine, Kombat, Otavi Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Damaraite

Kombat Mine, Kombat, Otavi Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

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About DamaraiteHide

Damaraland

Damaraland, Khorixas, Kunene Region, Namibia

Formula:

Pb₃Cl(OH)O₂

Colour:

Colourless

Lustre:

Adamantine

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

7.84 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Name:

Named after the Damara sequence which hosts the Kombat deposit

Type Locality:

ⓘ Asis West sector, Kombat Mine, Kombat, Otavi Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Chemically similar to mendipite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

1215

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:1215:3

GUID
(UUID V4):

44c4ae51-6f33-40c7-ba6d-e6f819c1e881

IMA Classification of DamaraiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Pb₃O₂(OH)Cl

First published:

1990

Type description reference:

Criddle, A. J., Keller, P., Stanley, C. J., Innes, J. (1990) Damaraite, a new lead oxychloride mineral from the Kombat mine, Namibia (South West Africa) Mineralogical Magazine, 54 (377) 593-598 doi:10.1180/minmag.1990.054.377.10

Classification of DamaraiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

3.DC.75

3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu

Dana 8th ed.:

10.5.10.1

10 : OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES
5 : A_m(O,OH)_pX_q

Hey's CIM Ref.:

8.8.6

8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
8 : Halides of Pb

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Dm	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Pronunciation of DamaraiteHide

Pronunciation:

Play	Recorded by	Country
	Debbie Woolf	United Kingdom

Physical Properties of DamaraiteHide

Lustre:

Adamantine

Transparency:

Transparent

Colour:

Colourless

Streak:

White

Hardness:

3 on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₅₀=145 - 154 kg/mm² - Vickers

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
On (010)

Parting:

Possible parting

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal

Density:

7.84 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of DamaraiteHide

Type:

Biaxial

Anisotropism:

Weak

Bireflectance:

Weak

Dispersion:

r > v strong

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁	R₂
400nm	19.1%	20.8%
420nm	18.6%	23.1%
440nm	17.9%	21.1%
460nm	17.4%	19.4%
480nm	16.9%	18.5%
500nm	16.6%	17.9%
520nm	16.2%	17.4%
540nm	16.0%	17.0%
560nm	15.8%	16.7%
580nm	15.6%	16.5%
600nm	15.5%	16.3%
620nm	15.4%	16.2%
640nm	15.2%	16.0%
660nm	15.2%	15.9%
680nm	15.1%	15.8%
700nm	15.0%	15.6%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 23.1%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

Gray

Internal Reflections:

White

Pleochroism:

Weak

Comments:

Barely detectable bluish grey to grey.

Chemistry of DamaraiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Pb₃Cl(OH)O₂

Elements listed:

Cl, H, O, Pb - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of DamaraiteHide

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Class (H-M):

mm2 - Pyramidal

Space Group:

Pmc2₁

Cell Parameters:

a = 5.813 Å, b = 6.921 Å, c = 15.192 Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.84 : 1 : 2.195

Unit Cell V:

611.201 Å³

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0006899	Damaraite	Krivovichev S V, Burns P C (2001) Crystal chemistry of lead oxide chlorides. I. Crystal structures of synthetic mendipite, Pb3O2Cl2, and synthetic damaraite, Pb3O2(OH)Cl European Journal of Mineralogy 13 801-809		2001		0	293
0014912	Damaraite	Keller P, Lissner F, Schleid T (2001) Damaraite, Pb3O2(OH)Cl: crystal structure and new chemical formula Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 2001 326-336		2001	Kombat mine, Namibia	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Damaraite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Krivovichev S V'
'Burns P C'
_journal_name_full 'European Journal of Mineralogy'
_journal_volume 13 
_journal_year 2001
_journal_page_first 801
_journal_page_last 809
_publ_section_title
;
 Crystal chemistry of lead oxide chlorides. I. Crystal structures of
 synthetic mendipite, Pb3O2Cl2, and synthetic damaraite, Pb3O2(OH)Cl
;
_database_code_amcsd 0006899
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pb3 O3 Cl H'
_cell_length_a 5.8052
_cell_length_b 6.9025
_cell_length_c 15.141
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 606.706
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      7.730
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P m c 21'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  'x,-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,y,z'
  '-x,-y,1/2+z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Pb1   0.50000   0.70750   0.68030   0.01900
Pb2   0.50000   0.20460   0.62650   0.01800
Pb3   0.50000   0.58660   0.91440   0.02200
Pb4   0.00000   0.53480   0.55420   0.01700
Pb5   0.00000   0.37620   0.78040   0.01800
Pb6   0.00000   0.07370   0.44360   0.01800
O1   0.25200   0.71900   0.00180   0.01700
O2   0.24800   0.46000   0.67220   0.02100
O-H3   0.00000   0.70700   0.82600   0.03000
O-H4   0.50000   0.66400   0.52200   0.03900
Cl1   0.00000  -0.02800   0.65310   0.02600
Cl2   0.50000  -0.05100   0.35160   0.04200
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Pb1 0.02000 0.01600 0.02100 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00200
Pb2 0.02000 0.01500 0.01900 0.00000 0.00000 0.00200
Pb3 0.01900 0.03300 0.01400 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00400
Pb4 0.01800 0.01700 0.01500 0.00000 0.00000 0.00100
Pb5 0.01900 0.02300 0.01400 0.00000 0.00000 0.00300
Pb6 0.02000 0.01600 0.01900 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00100
O1 0.01500 0.02300 0.01300 0.00100 -0.00200 0.00400
O2 0.01900 0.02100 0.02300 -0.00400 -0.00700 0.00400
O-H3 0.02800 0.03600 0.02600 0.00000 0.00000 -0.01400
O-H4 0.04500 0.02600 0.04600 0.00000 0.00000 -0.01700
Cl1 0.02100 0.03300 0.02400 0.00000 0.00000 0.00100
Cl2 0.05600 0.04100 0.03000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00600

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.902 Å	(100)
2.766 Å	(100)
2.877 Å	(90)
3.164 Å	(60)
3.135 Å	(60)
1.747 Å	(60)
3.824 Å	(50)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits

Type Occurrence of DamaraiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Asis West sector, Kombat Mine, Kombat, Otavi Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

General Appearance of Type Material:

Subhedral grains, < 200x150 um, in interstices in calcite.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1988,256–257, polished section E.1218 (BM 1988,255).
Institute for Mineralogy and Crystal Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Polymetallic hydrothermal and metasomatic replacement and fracture-filling of dolostones.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Jacobsite	Hausmannite	Hematophanite	Copper	Calcite
Baryte

Reference:

Criddle, A. J., Keller, P., Stanley, C. J., Innes, J. (1990): Damaraite, a new lead oxychloride mineral from the Kombat mine, Namibia (South West Africa). Mineralogical Magazine: 54: 593-598.

Download:

https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/MM54_593.pdf

Synonyms of DamaraiteHide

IMA1989-013

Other Language Names for DamaraiteHide

German:Damarait

Russian:Дамараит

Spanish:Damaraita

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

1 photo of Damaraite associated with Hausmannite

Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₂O₄

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

3.DC.	Lucabindiite	(K,NH₄)As₄O₆(Cl,Br)	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm
3.DC.	Torrecillasite	Na(As,Sb)³⁺₄O₆Cl	Orth.
3.DC.	Gajardoite	KCa_0.5As³⁺₄O₆Cl₂ · 5H₂O	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm
3.DC.	Cuatrocapaite-(NH₄)	(NH₄)₃(NaMg◻)(As₂O₃)₆Cl₆ · 16H₂O	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
3.DC.	Cuatrocapaite-(K)	K₃(NaMg◻)(As₂O₃)₆Cl₆ · 16H₂O	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
3.DC.	Napoliite	Pb₂OFCl	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mcm
3.DC.05	Laurionite	PbCl(OH)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
3.DC.05	Paralaurionite	PbCl(OH)	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
3.DC.05	Russoite	(NH₄)ClAs₂O₃(H₂O)_0.5	Hex. 6 2 2 : P6 2 2
3.DC.05	Mauriziodiniite	(NH₄)(As₂O₃)₂I	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm
3.DC.10	Fiedlerite	Pb₃FCl₄(OH) · H₂O	Mon. 2/m
3.DC.15	Penfieldite	Pb₂Cl₃(OH)	Hex. 6 : P6
3.DC.15	Telluroperite	Pb₃TeO₄Cl₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
3.DC.20	Laurelite	Pb₇F₁₂Cl₂	Hex. 6 : P6
3.DC.25	Bismoclite	BiOCl	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
3.DC.25	Matlockite	PbFCl	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
3.DC.25	Rorisite	CaFCl	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
3.DC.25	Zavaritskite	(BiO)F	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
3.DC.25	Zhangpeishanite	BaFCl	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
3.DC.30	Nadorite	PbSbClO₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
3.DC.30	Perite	PbBiClO₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
3.DC.40	Thorikosite	Pb₃Cl₂(OH)(SbO₃,AsO₃)	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm
3.DC.45	Mereheadite	Pb₄₇Cl₂₅(OH)₁₃O₂₄(CO₃)(BO₃)₂	Mon. m
3.DC.50	Blixite	Pb₈O₅(OH)₂Cl₄	Orth.
3.DC.52	Rumseyite	Pb₂OClF	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm
3.DC.55	Pinalite	Pb₃WO₅Cl₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
3.DC.55	Vladkrivovichevite	[Pb₃₂O₁₈][Pb₄Mn₂O]Cl₁₄(BO₃)₈ · 2H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn
3.DC.57	Yeomanite	Pb₂O(OH)Cl	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
3.DC.60	Lorettoite	Pb₇O₆Cl₂	Orth.
3.DC.60	Symesite	Pb₁₀(SO₄)O₇Cl₄ · H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
3.DC.62	Sarawakite (of Frenzel)	Sb, O, Cl (?)
3.DC.65	Ecdemite	Pb₆Cl₄(As₂O₇)	Mon. 2 : P2₁
3.DC.70	Mendipite	Pb₃Cl₂O₂	Orth. 2 2 2 : P2₁ 2₁ 2₁
3.DC.80	Onoratoite	Sb₈Cl₂O₁₁	Tric. 1 : P1
3.DC.95	Barstowite	Pb₄Cl₆(CO₃) · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for DamaraiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-1215.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for DamaraiteHide

Reference List:

Keller, Paul, Lissner, Falk, Schleid, Thomas (2001) Damaraite, Pb₃O₂(OH)Cl: crystal structure and new chemical formula. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 2001. 326-336

Krivovichev, Sergey V.; Burns, Peter C. (2001): Crystal chemistry of lead oxide chlorides. I. Crystal structures of synthetic mendipite, Pb3O2Cl2, and synthetic damaraite, Pb3O2(OH)Cl. European Journal of Mineralogy: 13: 801-809.

(2023) Damaraite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for DamaraiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki ⓘ Lavrion slag localities	Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1992)

Namibia (TL)
Otjozondjupa Region Otavi Constituency Kombat Kombat Mine ⓘ Asis West sector (TL)	Criddle et al. (1990)

Turkey
Niğde Province Çamardı District ⓘ Kestel Mine	Powell et al. (2021)

Damaraite

About DamaraiteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of DamaraiteHide

Classification of DamaraiteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Pronunciation of DamaraiteHide

Physical Properties of DamaraiteHide

Optical Data of DamaraiteHide

Chemistry of DamaraiteHide

Crystallography of DamaraiteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of DamaraiteHide

Synonyms of DamaraiteHide

Other Language Names for DamaraiteHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for DamaraiteHide

References for DamaraiteHide

Localities for DamaraiteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide