Malvern meteorite, Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality, Free State, South Africai
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Malvern meteorite | Meteorite Fall Location |
| Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality | Municipality |
| Free State | Province |
| South Africa | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
29° 26' 59'' South , 26° 46' 0'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Locality type:
Meteorite Class:
Meteoritical Society Class:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Botshabelo | 309,714 (2016) | 20.7km |
| Thaba Nchu | 38,616 (2012) | 27.7km |
| Mafeteng | 57,059 (2012) | 61.5km |
Eucrite, polymict
Fell, 30 November 1933, found on Malvern farm, 807g.
As a eucrite Malvern is compositionally dominated by pyroxenes and plagioclase. However, its brecciated character is perhaps its most prominent characteristic. Prominent eucrite & diogenite clasts (often finegrained) abound accompanied by lithic fragments, glassy microbreccia, and partially devitrified brown glass. Mineralogically, Mg-rich orthopyroxene is Malvern's most abundant phase, followed by plagioclase and pigeonite. The plagioclase is variable, but decidedly anorthitic. Ilmenite, olivine, and fine-grained troilite are present in minor amounts. Small amounts of Fe-rich metal are found in three venues — as kamacite, taenite, and Ni-poor iron. Kamacite, sometimes accompanied by taenite, is never unexpected in meteorites. The Ni-poor iron, however, appears to be associated with impact melts and may be due to projectiles.
Ar-Ar dating suggests that Malvern may have suffered an unusually strong impact(s) approximately 3.7 billion years ago during an epoch when several other HED meteorites apparently experienced similar strong impacts.
Note: Maps are outdated and show locality in Naledi Local Municipality in the Xhariep District Municipality. Naledi Local Municipality was merged into Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality on 3 August 2016.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsMineral List
7 valid minerals.
Meteorite/Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Anorthite Formula: Ca(Al2Si2O8) Reference: Labotka, T. C. & Papike, J. J. (1980) Samples of the regolith of the eucrite parent-body: Petrology of Frankfort, Pavlovka, Yurtuk, Malvern, and ALHA 77302. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XI: 1103-1130. |
| ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] Reference: Labotka, T. C. & Papike, J. J. (1980) Samples of the regolith of the eucrite parent-body: Petrology of Frankfort, Pavlovka, Yurtuk, Malvern, and ALHA 77302. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XI: 1103-1130. |
| ⓘ Chromite Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4 Reference: Labotka, T. C. & Papike, J. J. (1980) Samples of the regolith of the eucrite parent-body: Petrology of Frankfort, Pavlovka, Yurtuk, Malvern, and ALHA 77302. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XI: 1103-1130. |
| ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' Description: Fa59-70 Reference: Desnoyers, C. & D.Y. Jerome (1973) Olivine Compositions in Howardites and other achondritic meteorite (abstract): Meteoritics 8 (4): 344-345. (Dec 1973); Simpson, A. B. (1975) Electron Microprobe Investigations of the Howardite Malvern (abstract): Meteoritics 10(4): 489-491. (Dec 1975); Labotka, T. C. & Papike, J. J. (1980) Samples of the regolith of the eucrite parent-body: Petrology of Frankfort, Pavlovka, Yurtuk, Malvern, and ALHA 77302. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XI: 1103-1130. |
| ⓘ Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 Reference: Simpson, A. B. (1975) Electron Microprobe Investigations of the Howardite Malvern (abstract): Meteoritics 10(4): 489-491. (Dec 1975); Labotka, T. C. & Papike, J. J. (1980) Samples of the regolith of the eucrite parent-body: Petrology of Frankfort, Pavlovka, Yurtuk, Malvern, and ALHA 77302. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XI: 1103-1130. |
| ⓘ Iron Formula: Fe Description: Ni-poor iron (Ni<1%) is associated with impact melt & found occasionally in matrix. May be derived from (foreign) projectiles. Reference: Hewins, R. H. & Klein, L. C. (1978) Provenance of Metal and melt rock textures in the Malvern howardite. Proc. Lunar. Planetary Sci. Conf. IX: 1137-1156.; Hewins, R. H. (1979) The composition and origin of metal in howardites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 43: 1663-1673. (Oct 1979) |
| ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite Formula: (Fe,Ni) Description: Kamacite (Fe-Ni Metal- 4-6% Ni - w. 1.5%Co) Reference: Hewins, R. H. & Klein, L. C. (1978) Provenance of Metal and melt rock textures in the Malvern howardite. Proc. Lunar. Planetary Sci. Conf. IX: 1137-1156.; Hewins, R. H. (1979) The composition and origin of metal in howardites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 43: 1663-1673. (Oct 1979) |
| ⓘ 'Maskelynite' Reference: Labotka, T. C. & Papike, J. J. (1980) Samples of the regolith of the eucrite parent-body: Petrology of Frankfort, Pavlovka, Yurtuk, Malvern, and ALHA 77302. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XI: 1103-1130. |
| ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup' Description: Mg-rich Orthopyroxene Reference: Simpson, A. B. (1975) Electron Microprobe Investigations of the Howardite Malvern (abstract): Meteoritics 10(4): 489-491. (Dec 1975) |
| ⓘ Pigeonite Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 Reference: Simpson, A. B. (1975) Electron Microprobe Investigations of the Howardite Malvern (abstract): Meteoritics 10(4): 489-491. (Dec 1975) |
| ⓘ 'Plagioclase' Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 Description: Variable, but decidedly anorthitic Plagioclase ranges from An75-An97 Reference: Simpson, A. B. (1975) Electron Microprobe Investigations of the Howardite Malvern (abstract): Meteoritics 10(4): 489-491. (Dec 1975); Labotka, T. C. & Papike, J. J. (1980) Samples of the regolith of the eucrite parent-body: Petrology of Frankfort, Pavlovka, Yurtuk, Malvern, and ALHA 77302. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XI: 1103-1130. |
| ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group' Formula: ADSi2O6 Reference: Labotka, T. C. & Papike, J. J. (1980) Samples of the regolith of the eucrite parent-body: Petrology of Frankfort, Pavlovka, Yurtuk, Malvern, and ALHA 77302. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XI: 1103-1130. |
| ⓘ 'Silica' Reference: Labotka, T. C. & Papike, J. J. (1980) Samples of the regolith of the eucrite parent-body: Petrology of Frankfort, Pavlovka, Yurtuk, Malvern, and ALHA 77302. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XI: 1103-1130. |
| ⓘ Taenite Formula: (Fe,Ni) Description: Taenite sometimes present in Kamacite-taenite intergrowths Reference: Hewins, R. H. (1979) The composition and origin of metal in howardites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 43: 1663-1673. (Oct 1979) |
| ⓘ Troilite Formula: FeS Description: very fine-grained Reference: Hewins, R. H. & Klein, L. C. (1978) Provenance of Metal and melt rock textures in the Malvern howardite. Proc. Lunar. Planetary Sci. Conf. IX: 1137-1156. |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Iron | 1.AE.05 | Fe |
| ⓘ | var. Kamacite | 1.AE.05 | (Fe,Ni) |
| ⓘ | Taenite | 1.AE.10 | (Fe,Ni) |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Troilite | 2.CC.10 | FeS |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Chromite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Anorthite | 9.FA.35 | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| ⓘ | var. Bytownite | 9.FA.35 | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| ⓘ | Pigeonite | 9.DA.10 | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Maskelynite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| ⓘ | 'Pyroxene Group' | - | ADSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | 'Silica' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| O | Oxygen | |
|---|---|---|
| O | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| O | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| O | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| O | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Na | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Al | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Si | ⓘ Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Troilite | FeS |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Ca | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| Ca | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Ca | ⓘ Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Cr | Chromium | |
| Cr | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Iron | Fe |
| Fe | ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) |
| Fe | ⓘ Troilite | FeS |
| Fe | ⓘ Taenite | (Fe,Ni) |
| Fe | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Ni | Nickel | |
| Ni | ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) |
| Ni | ⓘ Taenite | (Fe,Ni) |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Desnoyers, C. & D.Y. Jerome (1973) Olivine Compositions in Howardites and other achondritic meteorite (abstract): Meteoritics 8 (4): 344-345. (Dec 1973)
Rajan, R. S., Huneke, J. C., Smith, S. P. & Wasserburg, G. J. (1975) 40Ar- 39Ar chronology of isolated phases from Bununu and Malvern howardites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 27 (2): 181-190. (Sept 1975)
Simpson, A. B. (1975) Electron Microprobe Investigations of the Howardite Malvern (abstract): Meteoritics 10(4): 489-491. (Dec 1975)
Hewins, R. H. & Klein, L. C. (1978) Provenance of Metal and melt rock textures in the Malvern howardite. Proc. Lunar. Planetary Sci. Conf. IX: 1137-1156.
Hewins, R. H. (1979) The composition and origin of metal in howardites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 43: 1663-1673. (Oct 1979)
Labotka, T. C. & Papike, J. J. (1980) Samples of the regolith of the eucrite parent-body: Petrology of Frankfort, Pavlovka, Yurtuk, Malvern, and ALHA 77302. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XI: 1103-1130.
Bogard, D. D. (1995) Impact ages of meteorites: A synthesis. Meteoritics 30 (30): 244–268 (May 1995)
Grady, M. M. (2000). Catalogue of Meteorites (5/e). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, New York, Oakleigh, Madrid, Cape Town. 690 pages.
Bogard, D. D. & Garrison, D. H. (2003) 39Ar–40Ar ages of eucrites and thermal history of asteroid 4 Vesta. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 38, 669–710. (May 2003)
External Links
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php = Meteoritical Bulletin Database
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
African PlateTectonic Plate
- Karoo basinBasin
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