Tongshanling Mine, Tongshanling ore field, Jiangyong Co., Yongzhou, Hunan, Chinai
Regional Level Types | |
---|---|
Tongshanling Mine | Mine |
Tongshanling ore field | Ore Field |
Jiangyong Co. | County |
Yongzhou | Prefecture-level City |
Hunan | Province |
China | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
25° 17' 33'' North , 111° 29' 13'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Mindat Locality ID:
225344
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:225344:5
GUID (UUID V4):
e39c5dcc-1cc4-4be0-b3f7-33e5b06a093c
Name(s) in local language(s):
铜山岭铜铅锌银矿, 铜山岭多金属矿田, 江永县, 永州市, 湖南省, 中国
Skarn-type polymetallic deposit.
The Tongshanling Cu–W polymetallic deposit is a medium-scale Cu–Pb–Zn polymetallic deposit located in the southwestern part of the Tongshanling ore field. The total ore reserves of Cu, Pb, and Zn reserves are 2.5 × 103 Mt, including metal reserves of 2.5 Mt Cu, 3.0 Mt Pb, 2.1 Mt Zn, and 175 t Ag. The exposed sedimentary rocks of the ore district are composed of Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Jurassic, and Cenozoic strata. The orebodies are primarily found in Devonian and Carboniferous limestones, particularly thick limestones from the middle Devonian Qiziqiao formation and the lower Carboniferous Shidengzi formation.
Hydrothermal alteration of the Tongshanling deposit includes skarnization, siliconization, epidotization, chloritization, sericitization, and carbonatization from the fresh granodiorite to carbonate wall rock. Skarnization, which developed in the contact zone between granodiorite and limestone (Fig. 3b – d), is associated with massive sulfide ores near the limestone (Fig. 3e and f). Epidotization and chloritization replacing garnets and diopside resulted in formation of epidote and chlorite aggregations or veinlets crosscutting earlier skarns. Siliconization is the most widespread alteration process, forming quartz veins and stockworks containing massive sulfides (Fig. 3g – i). Carbonatization developed at the distal margins of the granodiorite, precipitating massive calcite and minor sulfides.
Two mineralization types (skarn and quartz–vein) were revealed in the Tongshanling deposit based on field investigations, microscopic identification, mineral assemblages, ore structures/textures, and superposition relationships of the mineralization. The skarn-type orebodies are hosted in interlayers of carbonate rocks and contact zones between granodiorite stocks and country rock, accompanied by irregular, layered, and lenticular shapes. Their dimensions are 20–230 m and 30–530 m in the strike and dip directions, respectively, with a thickness of 0.1–5 m. Skarn evolutionary stages are well developed, including anhydrous silicate, hydrous silicate, Cu–Fe sulfide, and Pb–Zn sulfide stages, although the oxide stage is poorly developed. The anhydrous silicate stage is characterized by garnet, diopside, and wollastonite, which the hydrous silicate stage shows by the replacement of the majority of garnet and diopside by actinolite, epidote, and chlorite. The Cu–Fe sulfide stage mainly consists of quartz, pyrrhotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, and chalcopyrite, while the Pb–Zn sulfide stage includes sphalerite and galena that coexist with quartz and minor amounts of fluorite.
The late-stage quartz–vein mineralization is commonly 10–50 cm wide, strikes NNE, dips to the NNW at angles of 60–80° and shows distinct crosscutting relationships with both granodiorite and skarn. The quartz veins are widely developed in various rocks, including a quartz–sericite assemblage in the granodiorite, lump sulfide–quartz assemblages in skarn, and minor stellate sulfides–quartz in limestone. Its ore mineral assemblages vary from Cu–Fe sulfides (pyrrhotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, and chalcopyrite) in the proximal regions to Pb–Zn sulfides (sphalerite and galena) in the distal regions of the granodiorite.
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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.Mineral List
29 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
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Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
Group 1 - Elements | |||
---|---|---|---|
ⓘ | Silver var. Küstelite | 1.AA.05 | Ag |
ⓘ | Gold var. Electrum | 1.AA.05 | (Au,Ag) |
ⓘ | Silver | 1.AA.05 | Ag |
ⓘ | Gold | 1.AA.05 | Au |
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
ⓘ | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
ⓘ | Acanthite | 2.BA.35 | Ag2S |
ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
ⓘ | Stannite | 2.CB.15a | Cu2FeSnS4 |
ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
ⓘ | Marcasite | 2.EB.10a | FeS2 |
ⓘ | Arsenopyrite | 2.EB.20 | FeAsS |
ⓘ | Pyrargyrite | 2.GA.05 | Ag3SbS3 |
ⓘ | 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' | 2.GB.05 | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S |
ⓘ | Lillianite | 2.JB.40a | Pb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6 |
ⓘ | Heyrovskýite | 2.JB.40b | Pb6Bi2S9 |
Group 3 - Halides | |||
ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
ⓘ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
ⓘ | Scheelite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(WO4) |
Group 9 - Silicates | |||
ⓘ | Grossular | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
ⓘ | Vesuvianite | 9.BG.35 | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
ⓘ | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
ⓘ | Actinolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Wollastonite | 9.DG.05 | Ca3(Si3O9) |
ⓘ | Muscovite var. Sericite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | |
Unclassified | |||
ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
ⓘ | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
List of minerals for each chemical element
H | Hydrogen | |
---|---|---|
H | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
H | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
C | Carbon | |
C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
O | Oxygen | |
O | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
O | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
O | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
O | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
O | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
O | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
O | ⓘ Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
O | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
F | Fluorine | |
F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
Na | Sodium | |
Na | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Mg | Magnesium | |
Mg | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Mg | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Mg | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
Al | Aluminium | |
Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Al | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Al | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Si | Silicon | |
Si | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Si | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
Si | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Si | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
Si | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
Si | ⓘ Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Si | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
S | Sulfur | |
S | ⓘ Acanthite | Ag2S |
S | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
S | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
S | ⓘ Lillianite | Pb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6 |
S | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
S | ⓘ Pyrargyrite | Ag3SbS3 |
S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
S | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
S | ⓘ Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
S | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
S | ⓘ Heyrovskýite | Pb6Bi2S9 |
K | Potassium | |
K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Ca | Calcium | |
Ca | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
Ca | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Ca | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
Ca | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Ca | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
Ca | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
Ca | ⓘ Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
Ca | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Ti | Titanium | |
Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Fe | Iron | |
Fe | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
Fe | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Fe | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Fe | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
Fe | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
Fe | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
Fe | ⓘ Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
Fe | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
Cu | Copper | |
Cu | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Cu | ⓘ Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
Cu | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
Zn | Zinc | |
Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
As | Arsenic | |
As | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
Zr | Zirconium | |
Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
Ag | Silver | |
Ag | ⓘ Acanthite | Ag2S |
Ag | ⓘ Gold var. Electrum | (Au,Ag) |
Ag | ⓘ Lillianite | Pb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6 |
Ag | ⓘ Pyrargyrite | Ag3SbS3 |
Ag | ⓘ Silver | Ag |
Ag | ⓘ Silver var. Küstelite | Ag |
Sn | Tin | |
Sn | ⓘ Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
Sb | Antimony | |
Sb | ⓘ Pyrargyrite | Ag3SbS3 |
Sb | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
W | Tungsten | |
W | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
Au | Gold | |
Au | ⓘ Gold var. Electrum | (Au,Ag) |
Au | ⓘ Gold | Au |
Pb | Lead | |
Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
Pb | ⓘ Lillianite | Pb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6 |
Pb | ⓘ Heyrovskýite | Pb6Bi2S9 |
Bi | Bismuth | |
Bi | ⓘ Lillianite | Pb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6 |
Bi | ⓘ Heyrovskýite | Pb6Bi2S9 |
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References
[2]Zhu, Da-Peng, Li, Huan, Kong, Hua, Algeo, Thomas J., Bouvier, Audrey, Liu, Biao, Wu, Jing-Hua, Hu, Xiao-Jun, Wu, Qian-Hong (2024) Evolution of skarn to quartz-vein mineralization: Insights from the Tongshanling Cu–Pb–Zn deposit, South China. Ore Geology Reviews, 166. 105952 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.105952