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Blastocerus

Description

The marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) is the largest deer species from South America reaching a length of 2 m (6.6 ft) and a shoulder height of 1.2 m (3.9 ft). It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. Formerly found in much of tropical and subtropical South America, it ranged east of the Andes, south from the Amazon rainforest, west of the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest and north of the Argentinian Pampa. Today it is largely reduced to isolated populations at marsh and lagoon zones in the Paraná, Paraguay, Araguaia and Guapore river basins. Small populations also occur in the southern Amazon, including Peru where protected in Bahuaja-Sonene National Park. It is listed as a vulnerable species by the IUCN and on CITES Appendix I.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)7875486https://www.gbif.org/species/7875486
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)42658https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42658
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Cervidae : Blastocerus
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Cervidae : Blastocerus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
orderUngulata
orderArtiodactylaOwen 1848
-RuminantiamorphaSpaulding et al. 2009
-Ruminantia
-Pecora
familyCervidaeGray 1821
-Telemetacarpalia
tribeOdocoileini
genusBlastocerusWagner 1844
Common Namemarsh deer
Scientific NameBlastocerus Wagner, 1844
Name Published InInvon Schreber, Die Säugetiere vol.4 p.366
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Blastocerusgenusbelongs to Odocoileinaestated without evidenceKurten and Anderson, 1980
Blastocerusgenusbelongs to Odocoileinistated without evidenceHershkovitz, 1982
Blastocerusgenusbelongs to CervidaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Blastocerusgenusbelongs to Odocoileinaestated with evidenceWebb, 1992
Blastocerusgenusbelongs to Odocoileinistated without evidenceGrubb, 2000
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)6
Extant Size (PBDB)2 (33%)
First Recorded Appearance2.59 - 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Artiodactyla)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietgrazer, browser (based on Cervidae)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Cervidae)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. C. Hulbert, Jr. 1992. A checklist of the fossil vertebrates of Florida. Papers in Florida Paleontology 6:1-35
Common Name(s) Marsh Deer
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastocerus

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Blastoceros azpeitianus
species
listed (PBDB)
Blastoceros campestris
species
listed (PBDB)
Blastoceros paludosus
species
listed (PBDB)
Blastocerus dichotomus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Marsh Deer12.59 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Blastocerus extraneus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Blastocerus sylvestris
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Cervus aspeitianus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Cervus bezoarticus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Cervus campestris
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Cervus paludosus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Blastoceras Wagner, 1844GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Cervidae : Blastoceras
Blastocerus Gray, 1850GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Cervidae : Blastocerus
Blastoceros Fitzinger, 1873GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Cervidae : Blastoceros
Blastoros Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Cervidae : Blastoros
Blastoceras Fitzinger, 1860GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Cervidae : Blastoceras
Edoceros Avila-Pires, 1957GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Cervidae : Edoceros
Blastoceros Wagner, 1844GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Cervidae : Blastoceros
Bezoarticus Marelli, 1932GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Cervidae : Bezoarticus

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1844Blastocerus Wagner
1980Blastocerus Kurten and Anderson p. 312
1982Blastocerus Hershkovitz p. 8
1988Blastocerus Carroll
1992Blastoceras Webb p. 409
2000Blastocerus Grubb p. 302
2008Blastoceros Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 978 figs. Fig. 5

References

Hulbert, Jr. R. C. (1992) A checklist of the fossil vertebrates of Florida, Papers in Florida Paleontology 6, 1-35
Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442
Hershkovitz P. (1982) Neotropical deer (Cervidae). Part I. Pudus, genus Pudu Gray, Fieldiana Zoology (New Series) 11 1330, 1-86
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Webb S. D. (1992) A cranium of Navahoceros and its phylogenetic place among New World cervidae, Annales Zoologici Fennici 28, 401-410
Grubb P. (2000) Valid and invalid nomenclature of living and fossil deer, Cervidae, Acta Theriologica 45 3, 289-307
Agnarsson I., May-Collado L. J. (2008) The phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla: The importance of dense taxon sampling, missing data, and the remarkable promise of cytochrome b to provide reliable species-level phylogenies, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48, 964-985
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Nomenclator Zoologicus (authority adjusted) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (editors). (2005). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd Ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 2,142 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
in Schreber, Säugeth., Suppl., 4 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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